Abstract: To improve tracking, an exercise treadmill is provided with a frame including molded plastic pulleys, having an integral gear belt sprocket, an endless belt extending around the pulleys and a motor operatively connected to the rear pulley to drive the belt. The pulleys are molded out of plastic and have a diameter of approximately nine inches. A mold and method for producing large diameter treadmill pulleys having an integrally molded sprocket are also disclosed. A deck underneath the running surface of the belt is supported by resilient members. A positive lateral belt tracking mechanism is used to correct the lateral position of the belt. A belt position sensor mechanism is used in combination with a front pulley pivoting mechanism to maintain the belt in the desired lateral position on the pulleys. The exercise treadmill also includes a lift mechanism with an internally threaded sleeve engaged to vertically aligned nonrotating screws. A user display of foot impact force on the belt is also provided.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for improving physical coordination and ability to react to moving and stationary objects is disclosed herein. A pair of voltage controlled liquid crystal lenses (14, 16) are mounted in a support frame (12) which is worn by a user in the same manner as conventional eyeglasses. The lenses (14, 16) can be electronically pulsed between an opaque state and a transparent state. Further, the lenses (14, 16) scatter background light in their opaque state rather than block the light so as to provide a generally constant level of contrast and brightness. This prevents pupil dilation changes when switching between the transparent state and the opaque state. Each lens can be made to pulse from an opaque state to a transparent state and then back again, and can be controlled independently or in synchronization. In operation, the user adjusts the control unit (18) to pulse the lenses (14, 16) at a high speed. An object is then viewed through the lenses and an appropriate response is made.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for controlling model vehicles in a manner which accurately simulates the operation of real vehicles. Parameters relating to operational characteristics of a vehicle, environmental conditions, loading conditions, operator control settings, and physical characteristics of a controllable model are processed by a computer to determine appropriate control functions to a model allowing it to accurately replicate the operation of a real vehicle operating under the same set of conditions.

Abstract: A computerized exercise, physical therapy, or rehabilitation apparatus with improved features. The computerized exercise apparatus permits concentric and eccentric isokinetic exercise by a user where apparatus calibration is accurately determined before exercise to compensate for the user selected force application device, the push assembly, if used, and environmental factors; where hydraulic flow can be accurately controlled by use of an alternating current dither circuit; where multiple user force application devices, a push assembly, and a detachably connectable operator support are available for a myriad of exercises; and where the instantaneous forces measured during user exercise are displayed to the user in such a novel way so as to motivate the user to maximize their exercise efforts and thereby obtain increased personal benefit.

Abstract: An instrumented orthopedic restraining device is provided. The device includes an ambulatory housing, including first and second distal end portions, and restraining means for restraining movement of the first and second distal end portions relative to one another. The restraining device preferably includes an elongated restraining bar equipped with a stress sensing mechanism for sensing stress on the restraining bar. A control unit is provided for indicating sensed stress based upon outputs from the stress sensing mechanism. Preferred embodiments include a plurality of strain gauges attached to the elongated restraining bar and interconnected with the control unit which preferably includes a recording mechanism and a microprocessor mechanism. The elongated restraining bar alternately includes an adjustable hinge interconnecting distal end sections of the elongated restraining bar, wherein the angle between the respective distal end sections can be adjusted relative to one another.

Abstract: This invention relates to a finger acupuncture needle puncturing position indicating apparatus in which a code reference book of symptoms (103) describing in detail symptoms of affected regions of a human body is attached to a side of the interior surface of a cover (503) on which human body anatomical charts (101) showing proper code numbers for each region are also mounted; underneath the book is a needle box (403) with a door (402) capable of storing a number of needles (401); displayed on a lighted display panel (102) mounted on the body (502) of a case are the palm and back of a hand indicating needle-puncturing positions; and mounted on one side of the body (502) of the case are a keyboard (201) with a number of keys for inputting code numbers from the human body anatomical charts (101) and the code reference book of symptoms (103) as well as a display button (202) for outputting these codes.

Abstract: A bicycle simulator having a follower assembly, a wheelie assembly and power assistance resistance means. A motorcycle simulator having a coupler, a slew generator and a throttle handle. The bicycle and motorcycle simulators having a computer, motors, sensors, controls, and a video display.

Abstract: There is disclosed a system and method for providing a portable visual display device. The device, in one embodiment, can be worn over the head by a viewer in the manner of a helmet. The viewer then looks at a screen within the helmet and "sees" created images. The helmet is equipped with sensors which determine the geographical direction as well as the relative movement of the viewer. The images are stored in a processor as a series of objects, each having associated therewith physical characteristics, including both audio and visual.

Abstract: A system (10) for simulating an operating environment, such as aircraft cockpit for use in training. The system (10) includes a video storage device (46) for storing and transmitting an image of the operating environment. The video storage device (46) is coupled to a video monitor (58) for displaying the stored image. A graphics generator (54) generates an overlay image simulating the appearance of displays and manipulable controls in the operating environment in a plurality of its manipulative states. The graphics overlays may be manipulated by means of a touch sensitive screen (64) to simulate the operation of the manipulable controls. The system also includes an interactive system (12) for authoring and editing the overlays as well as the simulation process.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method and system for administering to a student a problem in computer science for testing, analysis and feedback. The student is provided with an item pool of predetermined test problems to be selected by the student. The student inputs a solution in response to the problem selected, and the solution program is converted, by lexing and parsing, into an abstract syntax tree representation. Predetermined knowledge base patterns are selected from a knowledge base and compared against portions of the abstract syntax tree. Messages and a score are provided to the student which indicate the correctness or incorrectness of the solution program, as determined by the knowledge base patterns which were matched against the portions of the abstract syntax tree. The present method and system is especially qualified to analyze free-response test items.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a user force application device which will optimally be used with a computerized exercise, physical therapy, or rehabilitation apparatus, preferably, an apparatus which permits concentric and eccentric isokinetic exercise by a user. One embodiment of the user force application device comprises a hollow outer cylinder, an inner cylinder inserted into the hollow outer cylinder and in co-axial alignment therewith, the inner cylinder being freely rotatable around its axis and freely slidable within the hollow outer cylinder along its axis. Grips of different size and shape can be provided which can easily be attached to the inner cylinder. The movement of the inner cylinder inside the hollow outer cylinder can be restricted. By attaching a larger cylinder to the inner cylinder and in co-axial alignment with it, rotational resistance can be provided. The user force application device can be secured to the exercise, physical therapy, or rehabilitation apparatus.

Abstract: A graphics system provides color image displays including a low resolution, wide field background and a contained high resolution area of interest, by projecting three component color images at wide angle, one of which (green) is blanked at the area of interest and is filled by a separate projection of a high resolution image (green). Simulator apparatus utilizing the graphics system responsively actuates a vehicle platform supplying data signals to an image generator apparatus whereby the area of interest may be variously displaced responsive to movements by of the viewing platform.

Abstract: A simulator system adaptable to an actual craft or existing simulator is disclosed. The system comprises computer hardware and software capable of simulation, combinations of simulations and networked simulations. Computer inputs come from sensors attached on or near control and operation members. Computer output is sent to overlay displays and other components. Visual, audio and motion cuing systems are added to increase realism where appropriate to the simulation. All equipment may be quickly and easily installed or removed so as to make maximum use of an otherwise inoperative craft or allow for diversity and upgrading of existing simulators. By the use of computer program modifications and component construction, the system may be used to simulate a wide variety of craft, including air, ground, naval and space craft.

Abstract: A computerized exercise, physical therapy, or rehabilitation apparatus with improved features. The computerized exercise apparatus permits concentric and eccentric isokinetic exercise by a user where apparatus calibration is accurately determined before exercise to compensate for the user selected force application device, the push assembly, if used, and environmental factors; where hydraulic flow can be accurately controlled by use of an alternating current dither circuit; where multiple user force application devices, a push assembly, and a detachably connectable operator support are available for a myriad of exercises; and where the instantaneous forces measured during user exercise are displayed to the user in such a novel way so as to motivate the user to maximize their exercise efforts and thereby obtain increased personal benefit.

Abstract: A "hardware-in-the-loop" simulator (10) for training people in the use of a missile system to teach target acquisition, missile launch, and missile guidance under simulated battlefield conditions. A battlefield environment (E) including at least one target (T) movable therewithin is created by a simulation module (12). Missile system hardware (H) including the missile acquisition, tracking, and guidance portions is provided. An interface module (20) converts signals produced by the simulating module to an infrared image acceptable by the hardware. The resultant image represents a field-of-view (FOV), including the target, within the battlefield environment. An image module (32) produces a dynamic image representative of the missile's position in the field-of-view. This image is observable by the hardware which utilizes it to determine the position of the missile relative to the target. The hardware also determines if a missile guidance signal is to be sent to the missile to guide it to the target.

Abstract: The present invention provides a prosthetic foot comprising an integrally formed, flexible keel preferably in a cosmetic covering. The keel has a forefoot portion and a heel portion joined by an ankle portion. The inferior aspect of the ankle portion defines an arch which expands in response to a load, and the superior aspect of the ankle portion forms a platform which engages a conventional leg assembly. The forefoot portion is contoured, thicker on the medial side than on the lateral side, which shifts the midline of weight distribution in the forefoot portion medially. This provides a more natural alignment of the foot during the gait cycle. The toe end of the forefoot portion is biased along the natural toe break line. The posterior aspect of the ankle portion defines a concavity under the platform which is continuous with the superior aspect of the heel portion. A horizontal slot continuous with the concavity extends from the posterior aspect of the ankle portion between the platform and the arch.

Abstract: A riding simulation system of motorcycle provides at least a model motorcycle on which a person can ride and which can be operated by a person. In response to the operation and movement of the person who rides on the model motorcycle, the model motorcycle is moved by a movable mechanism in a desirable direction such as a yawing direction, a rolling direction and a pitching direction. Preferably, the moving image such as the scenery which is seen from the running motorcycle is displayed in front of the person who rides on the model motorcycle. Such moving image is varied in response to the driving condition of the model motorcycle.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and a device for training in the driving of vehicles and especially land vehicles, in which a sequence of images is displayed on a screen placed opposite to a driving station for a trainee driver and is caused to move in accordance with control operations initiated from said driving station. There are thus displayed on the screen both a front main image and at least one rear vision secondary image which is made visible on an associated rear-view mirror provided at the driving station. The main image and the secondary image are synthetic images generated by a computer from a data base containing the description of a three-dimensional road circuit.

Abstract: This apparatus is for the development of the abdominal muscles through their ranges of motion including that known as elongation. The objective of the apparatus is to build muscle power and endurance, not only when the abdominal muscles are mostly contracted, but also when the abdominal muscles are mostly elongated.The apparatus includes an outward arch which fits under the upper lumbar and lower thoracic spine. One slope of the arch provides the user's pelvis and lumbar spine with consistent support. The rest of the arch provides the user's remaining spine to be supported when resting, but to be free to arch beyond the amount of arch that occurs in normal standing posture. This exercise is made functional by a knee retainer that holds down on the knees which, in turn, holds down on the pelvis, thereby creating maintainable contact between the pelvis/low-lumbar area and the slope of the arch.

Abstract: A hand-held vibratory massager has a self-contained applicator head which is resiliently connected to a hand grip for limited movement in substantially all directions relative to the hand grip. A drive motor and an eccentric flyweight are mounted together within the applicator head for making it as a self-contained vibrating unit. The eccentric flyweight is connected to a motor output shaft in an eccentric relation thereto for imparting vibration to the applicator head upon rotation of the output shaft. Also mounted within the applicator head is a counterweight which provides dynamic balancing of the applicator head in such a manner as to coincide the center of mass of the entire applicator head with that of the flyweight in the axial direction of the output shaft.