Abstract: A process for the oxidation of thioethers to sulfoxides or sulfones or for the oxidation of sulfoxides to sulfones by treatment of thioethers or sulfoxides with an oxidizing amount of ?-phthalimidoperhexanoic acid is particularly useful for the preparation of compounds of industrial interest, in particular pharmaceuticals for human or veterinary use.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a low dielectric substance essential for a next generating electrical device such as a semiconductor device having high performance and high density, and particularly to a process for preparing a low dielectric organosilicate polymer, a hydrolysis condensation product of a carbon-bridged oligomer; a process for manufacturing an insulating film using an organosilicate polymer prepared by the process; and an electrical device comprising an insulating film prepared by the process. The organosilicate polymer prepared according the process of the present invention is thermally stable, and has good film-forming prosperities, excellent mechanical strength and crack resistance, and the film manufactured therefrom has excellent insulating properties, film uniformity, dielectric properties, crack resistance, and mechanical strength.

Abstract: A process for preparing butanetetracarboxylic acid derivatives as product of value I by coupled electrosynthesis which comprises cathodically reducing a compound selected from the group consisting of maleic esters, maleic ester derivatives, fumaric esters and fumaric ester derivatives where at least one hydrogen atom in positions 2 and 3 may be replaced by inert groups and obtaining a product of value II at the node.