Abstract: A liquid developer for electrophotography and a process for developing latent images using the liquid developer. The liquid developer comprises a highly insulating carrier liquid, a toner particle dispersed therein, and a copolymer produced from at least one member selected from the monomers of the formula (1) and at least one member selected from the monomers of the formula (2) or a copolymer produced from at least one member selected from the monomers of the formula (1), at least one member selected from the monomers of the formula (2) and at least one member selected from the monomers of the formula (3).

Abstract: A method of preparing carbon steel strip and sheet for hot dip metallic coating in a Selas-type direct-fired furnace, wherein the atmosphere in the furnace is controlled to contain from about 3% oxygen to about 2% excess combustibles by volume, thereby forming a thin iron oxide film on the carbon steel surfaces. The strip and sheet is then heated in a subsequent furnace containing at least 5% hydrogen by volume at a temperature sufficient to reduce the oxide film, viz., at least about 675.degree.C. The direct-fired furnace is preferably operated at stoichiometrically equivalent fuel:air ratios.

Abstract: A method of electroless plating together with electroless plating solutions for plating the substrate of a transition metal capable of forming metal peroxides such as molybdenum or tungsten with a layer of metal plate such as chromium, cobalt, nickel or rhodium. The plating process features an oxidation and reduction reaction in which unstable surface oxides on the substrate of the transition metal are replaced by the desired metal plate. The method of the invention provides an oxygen impervious plate which protects against oxidation of the metal substrate and eliminates oxide migration as well as providing an improved metal-to-metal plate bond.