Abstract: For high-throughput, low-cost manufacturing of electronic modules, it is desirable to use a large-format, 1:1-imaging exposure system. In such a system, it is further desirable to have the capability to pattern a large substrate having multiple segments using a mask of the size of one substrate segment. The substrate is mounted on an x-y stage which moves the substrate with respect to the imaging optics, both within a segment and from segment to segment. For each mask position, moving from one substrate segment to another will result in a significant change in the length or orientation of the optical imaging path. Such problems are eliminated by using, in conjunction with the primary x-y stage, an auxiliary stage which maintains the optical parameters essentially constant for the imaging of different substrate segments.

Abstract: An image processing apparatus having a function of restricting an operation mode is provided wherein the image processing apparatus has a unit for setting each color mode of the apparatus to be restricted, depending upon a management key, a control card, and a password number. If the unit indicates a use restriction, the restricted color mode is inhibited to be executed by the image processing apparatus.

Abstract: A photograph is masked such that only a portion of a scene in the photograph is visible. The mask is adjusted to alter the portion of the scene which is visible until a portion of the scene which is desired to be reproduced is visible. Information which identifies the portion of the scene which is desired to be reproduced is recorded. The recorded information is used to create a hard copy reproduction of the portion of the scene which is desired to be reproduced.

Abstract: A brush contact charger charges a photosensitive drum of an image forming apparatus adopting an electrostatic recording system, and has a body having a brush for contacting a photosensitive drum and then charging the photosensitive drum, a reciprocating portion for reciprocating the body perpendicularly with respect to the proceeding direction of the photosensitive drum, and a guide member for supporting the body while guiding the reciprocal movement of the body. The charger charges the surface of the photosensitive drum while moving at a right angle with respect to the proceeding direction of the photosensitive drum and charges the surface of the photosensitive drum to an electrical potential having a nearly uniform distribution.