Abstract: An optical signal scrambler (18) has an optical phase modulator (22) which has a common input/output for an optical signal. The modulator also has an input for a modulating signal and a common output/input which is coupled to a 45° Faraday mirror (24). The scrambler (18) operates to modify an optical input signal received at the input/output of the modulator (22) so that it is returned as an output which is phase scrambled.