Abstract: A rear vision mirror with a cold light direction indicator includes a rear vision mirror, a cold light direction indicator and a protecting cover. The rear vision mirror is a case with a reflector and is firmly secured to a proper position on a car. The cold light direction indicator is a case with a reflector, and is firmly secured to a surface of the case of the rear vision mirror, and is electrically connected to a power source and control device. The protecting cover covers on a surface of the case of the rear vision mirror, and the cold light direction indicator therewithin can expose out of the cover from a via hole. Therefore, an action of the cold light direction indicator can be viewed in a horizontal direction by drivers at front, lateral, or lateral rear sides, light from the cold light direction indicator is soft and almost no power is consumed. No flash light affecting human eyes emits.

Abstract: A binary-type optical diffraction device having the excellent capability of antireflection includes a step structure by which lens elements of a Fresnel lens are approximated. The surface of the steps formed on a substrate is entirely covered with a thin film having a flat surface. The height of each step and the refractive index of the thin film are selected so that the antireflection conditions for the respective steps are satisfied and thus the intensity of the reflected light rays is minimized.

Abstract: A surface pattern (1) is composed of elements (2 to 5) which are arranged in a mosaic-like fashion and of which at least one pattern is formed from a background element (4) and a pixel (2) with microscopically fine relief structures diffracting visible light. The surface elements (3) and the element portions (5) either contain the microscopically fine relief structures diffracting visible light or they comprise reflecting or scattering surfaces. Arranged in the pixel (2) is a first diffraction grating B1 and arranged in the background element (4) is a second diffraction grating B2, wherein the first diffraction grating B1 and the second diffraction grating B2 are a superimposition of at least two different, microscopically fine relief structures F1 and F2 diffracting visible light. The first diffraction grating B1 and the second diffraction grating B2 differ only by virtue of a relative phase shift &Dgr;&phgr; between the relief structure F1 and the relief structure F2.

Abstract: An exposure apparatus includes a first dispersing element for dispersing substantially parallel laser light, from a laser, with respect to the wavelength to provide light beams of wavelength units, a first optical system for collecting each light beam of a wavelength unit from the first dispersing element, a wavelength selecting device for passing a predetermined wavelength region of light, of the light beams of wavelength units each being collected by the first optical system, a second optical system for receiving the light from the wavelength selecting device and providing parallel light beams of wavelength units, and a second dispersing element for combining the parallel light beams of wavelength units from the second optical system, the second dispersing element having substantially the same angular dispersion as that of the first dispersing element and a direction of dispersion opposite to that of the first dispersing element.

Abstract: An optical beam shaper for production of a uniform sheet of light for use in a parts inspection system having a light source including a coherent light generator, a diffractive beam shaper, and lens elements.

Abstract: A polarization luminaire is disclosed having a light source, a system of the optical integrator, a polarized light splitting device for splitting a light emitted from the light source into two kinds of polarized lights whose polarization directions are perpendicular to each other and whose traveling directions are apart from each other by an angle of less than 90 degrees, and a polarization conversion device for causing the two kinds of polarized lights to have the same polarization direction. The polarized light splitting device is placed on one of the entrance side and the outputting side of the first lens plate of the system of the optical integrator or is placed within the second lens plate. A prism beam splitter having a polarized light splitting film constituted by a thermally stable dielectric multi-layer film is suitable for the polarized light splitting device. Most of the polarized lights can be utilized by causing the polarized lights to have the same polarization direction.

Abstract: A mechanical grating device for modulating an incident beam of light by diffraction includes an elongated element including a light reflective surface; a pair of end supports for supporting the elongated element at both ends over a substrate; at least one intermediate support between the end supports; and means for applying a force to the elongated element to cause the element to deform between first and second operating states

Abstract: A temperature compensated optical filter assembly including a plurality of thin films having temperature dependent indices of refraction which are deposited on a glass substrate so as to form a conventional interference filter thereon. The glass substrate is adhesively coupled to a metal holder such that the deposited thin film interference filter is interposed between the glass substrate and an adhesive layer distributed along a mounting surface of the holder. Thus, a first thermal mismatch stress is applied by the glass substrate onto an inner layer of the interference filter and a second mismatch stress is applied by the holder onto an outer layer of the interference filter, wherein the first and second mismatch stresses depend on the temperature of the filter assembly.

Abstract: A virtually imaged phased array (VIPA) operating as a wavelength splitter to separate individual carriers from a wavelength division multiplexed (WDM) light. The VIPA has first and second surfaces. The second surface has a reflectivity which causes a portion of light incident thereon to be transmitted therethrough. The VIPA receives an input light at a respective wavelength within a continuous range of wavelengths. The first and second surfaces are positioned so that the input light is reflected a plurality of times between the first and second surfaces to cause a plurality of lights to be transmitted through the second surface. The plurality of transmitted lights interfere with each other to produce an output light which is spatially distinguishable from an output light produced for an input light having any other wavelength within the continuous range of wavelengths.

Abstract: Interleaver/deinterleavers for combining/separating optical channels. An interleaver/deinterleaver is “folded” when an optical signal follows an optical path that passes through a birefringent element multiple times. Double-pass refers to optical signals following a (folded) path through the birefringent element twice. Multi-pass refers to optical signals following a (folded) path through the birefringent element multiple times. When operating as a deinterleaver, the interleaver/deinterleaver separates an optical signal (e.g., WDM signal) into subsets of optical signals (e.g., even and odd ITU channels). When operating as an interleaver, the interleaver/deinterleaver mixes subsets of optical signals into a multiplexed optical signal. The interleaver/deinterleaver can be used to increase the bandwidth of an optical network. For example, the interleaver/deinterleaver can be used to interface components designed for a first channel spacing (e.g.

Abstract: An optical interference filter having high transmissivity at first and second passbands. The interference filter includes a first stack having a plurality of dielectric layers, a second stack having a plurality of dielectric layers, and a spacer interposed between the first and second stacks. Each of the dielectric layers included in the first and second stacks have optical thicknesses which vary quadratically. The dielectric layers have alternating high and low refractive indices.

Abstract: A circulator (10) includes a first collimating device (12) and a second collimating device (16) with three external optic fibers (14), (18) & (20) thereon wherein the first fiber (18) and the third fiber (20) are coupled to the second collimating device (16) while the second fiber (14) is coupled to the first collimating device (12). A non-reciprocal section (22) is positioned between the first collimating device (12) and the second collimating device (16). The non-reciprocal section (22) includes a first optic isolator section (24) and a second optic isolator section (26) commonly sandwiching a first light deflecting device (28) therebetween, and a second light deflecting device (30) being positioned between the second optic isolator section (26) and the second collimating device (16).

Abstract: A method and apparatus for realizing an optical multiplexer/demultiplexer having a continuous interferometer filter with a single &lgr;/2 dielectric layer is presented. The continuous interferometer filter is attached to a transparent substrate. One face of the substrate is tilted relative to the opposite face by a small wedge angle “&dgr;Ø′”. As a result of the small wedge angle “&dgr;Ø′” between the faces of the substrate, when a beam of light, composed of differing wavelengths, is introduced into the substrate at an incident angle “&thgr;′” the beam zig-zags between the faces of the substrate at an increasing angle to the incident angle “&thgr;′” proportional to the wedge angle “67 Ø′”.

Abstract: Condensers having a mirror with a diffraction grating in projection lithography using extreme ultra-violet significantly enhances critical dimension control. The diffraction grating has the effect of smoothing the illumination at the camera's entrance pupil with minimum light loss. Modeling suggests that critical dimension control for 100 nm features can be improved from 3 nm to less than about 0.5 nm.

Abstract: A beam homogenizer that minimizes undesired intensity variations at the output plane caused by sharp breaks between facets in previous embodiments. The homogenizer includes a hologram made up of irregularly patterned diffractive fringes. An input beam illuminates at least part of the hologram. The hologram transmits a portion of the input beam onto an output plane. In doing so, the energy of the input beam is spatially redistributed at the output plane into a homogenized output beam having a preselected spatial energy distribution at the output plane. Thus, the illuminated portion of the output plane has a shape predetermined by the designer of the homogenizer.

Abstract: A diffraction grating having more than two kinds of mediums of a different refractive index, has a refractive index difference between the mediums dependent on an incident polarized light direction. In a sectional plane perpendicular to the direction along a grating pattern, the structure has a boundary line between the mediums periodic for the direction perpendicular to the grating pattern in a grating plane or periodic while enlarging or shrinking to the direction perpendicular to the direction along with the grating pattern in the grating plane and in a limited part of a period, the boundary line does not have a symmetrical plane perpendicular to both of the grating and the sectional plane. Accordingly, a polarized light beam status of ±nth order diffracted light beams becomes different and there is provided a diffraction grating capable of obtaining a generation signal of a magneto-optical recording medium from a difference of an optical amount of a light beam received.

Abstract: A mirror assembly has a pair of telescoping tubular supports extending between a support base and a mirror head to provide adjustment of the mirror head toward and away from the support base. Friction shoes within the tubular supports releasably hold such supports against unintentional telescoping movement. Cooperating stops on the telescoping supports limit outward movement of the mirror head and prevent complete separation of the telescoping supports. The tubular supports are hingedly attached to the support base for rotation about a vertical axis, and cooperating detents and spring elements on the supports and support base releasably hold the supports against rotation.

Abstract: An optical device to perform an asynchronous and parallel processing of a N bits serial stream of an optical digital signal comprises a) a serial to parallel converter which converts the serial stream of N bits into a first parallel pattern of N bits carrying the same information as the serial stream of N bits; b) an optical system to produce, from the parallel pattern of N bits, a first two-dimensional (2-D) image made of N rows and M columns (N×M) of bits, each column being associated to the digital optical signal by a predetermined relationship; c) a logic device to perform logic operations on the bits of the first 2-D image; and d) a device to send to an output the results of the logic operations.

Abstract: The invention concerns a structure arrangement that includes surface regions having one or more structures having an optical-diffraction effect, in particular for visually identifiable, optical security elements for value-bearing documents, for example banknotes, credit cards, passes or check documents, or other items to be safeguarded; in order to make it more difficult to forge and in particular copy such a structure arrangement it is proposed in accordance with the invention that the structure arrangement is such that for the production of given items of optical information in given viewing directions in one or more of the surface regions (8, 30) of the structure arrangement there are provided sub-regions (10, 12, 14, 32, 34) with a structure (16, 18, 20; 36, 38) that is identical except for the structural parameter of optical depth and that the optical depth of the structure (16, 20; 36) is constant over the extent of a sub-region (10, 14; 32) but is different from the optical depth of the structure (18;

Abstract: A light valve which can be fabricated as an array of individually addressable micromachined linear mirror reflective light valves is disclosed. Each light valve may comprise a metallized silicon nitride ribbon situated above a micromachined cavity. Incident light is reflected by the ribbons. The reflected beam travels into an optical collecting system. The ribbons may be caused to deform into the micromachined cavities by the application of electrical signals. Only a small area on the ribbons is required to be reflective. The deformation causes light reflected by the deformed ribbon to be substantially collimated. The collimated reflected light can be directed through a slit and focussed on a spot to record a data element on a recording surface. A light valve array according to the invention may be used for various data recording applications including exposing printing plates, printed circuit boards, silicon wafers, masks for making semiconductor devices, optical data storage systems and the like.