Abstract: In the disclosed optical system of variable magnification power, at least one component A of two components A and B has its refractive power varied so that the focal length of the entire system can be continuously varied throughout a range while maintaining the position of the image plane constant throughout the range.

Abstract: An optical scanning surface includes a light source, a first imaging forming optical system for forming a line image from a light flux emitted from the light source, a rotating polyogon mirror for deflecting the light from the light source through the first image forming optical system over a predetermined angle, a second image forming optical system for receiving the thus deflected light flux and then forming an image on a scanning surface. The second image forming optical system includes a first single spherical meniscus lens having a negative refracting power, a second single spherical meniscus lens having a positive refracting power, and a third single lens having a cylindrical surface facing the second lens and a toric surface at its opposite side, as arranged in the order mentioned between the polygon mirror and the scanning surface.

Abstract: To prevent condensation on the mirror, it is heated with water from a supply tube connected from a showerhead pipe to a dispenser which disperses the heated water in either liquid or spray form, preferably from holes in a hose which is mounted in a rear temperature-control space and which surrounds the back of the mirror. The hose has an oval cross-section with holes on one of its flatter sides so that they will all face inward, toward the center of the mirror. Also the tube acts as a gasket to prevent the water from leaking through the mirror's front. The mirror is held by a flex-arm which includes breakaway flex-joints (hinge or ball), allowing rotational and translational movements. A supply tube is carred inside the flexarm, has a friction fit in the ends of the arm, and is connected to the dispenser hose by a T-fitting. A relief slot in the mirror end of the flex-arm allows water which enters the space in the flex-arm around the supply tube to leave such space.

Abstract: A support disc preferably has an annular periphery, a central opening and a pair of substantially parallel side surfaces. Abrasive packs are disposed on the periphery of the disc in spaced relationship to one another. Each pack is formed from a stack of thin abrasive strips having abrasive particles on one surface. The packs are attached to the disc periphery with opposite ends disposed against the opposite side surfaces of the disc. The packs are preferably tilted in the direction of disc rotation so that the trailing edge of the outermost strip in each pack engages the workpiece. When the angle of tilting is large, the pack ends of the packs may be cut at an angle to facilitate an abutting relationship between adjacent disc packs. In one embodiment, the abrasive wheel is disposable. In another embodiment, only the abrasive packs on the disc (and not the disc) are disposable. In this embodiment, the packs may be bent into a horse-shoe shape and bonded to one another at their peripheries as by resin.

Abstract: An anti-glare rearview mirror assembly for a motor vehicle has a bracket assembly mounted on one end of an external support member with the other end thereof coupled to a vehicle body, a housing molded of resin and swingably supported on the bracket assembly, a prismatic mirror fitted in an inner peripheral edge of the housing, and an operating tab coacting with the bracket assembly for angularly moving the housing with respect to the bracket assembly to shift the mirror between day and night positions. The bracket assembly comprises a block and a resilient small plate, one of which has convex portions or projections. When the housing is moved or flexed with respect to the block under external forces applied, the convex portions or projections engage the rear surface of the mirror to prevent the block and the housing from being released from mutual engagement. The convex portions or projections are positioned near an area where the external support member and the bracket assembly are coupled.

Abstract: An apparatus and method project light in two orthogonal planes to provide reference planes of light for use in laying out a construction site or the like. The apparatus comprises a laser light source for providing a source beam of light, and a light diverting arrangement. The light diverting arrangement diverts a first portion of the source beam of light to project a first thin reference fan beam of light substantially in a first reference plane, and diverts a second portion of the source beam of light to project a second thin reference fan beam of light substantially in a second reference plane. The second reference plane is substantially perpendicular to the first reference plane. The apparatus may advantageously be used in laying out a grid.

Abstract: An objective lens having a stop provided most adjacent to the image side comprises, in succession from the object side, a first lens which is a positive meniscus lens having its convex surface facing the object side, a second lens which is a biconcave lens, a third lens which is a biconvex lens, and a fourth lens which is a negative meniscus lens having its convex surface facing the image side and is joined to the third lens and formed into a compositely positive cemented lens. The objective lens satisfies the following conditions:(1) 0.28f<.SIGMA.d<0.36f(2) 1.58<n2<1.745(3) n1<n2(4) 0.24<n3-n4<0.30(5) 0.6f<f1<1.0f(6) 0.30f<-r6<0.40f(7) f<-r7<2f(8) 10<.nu.4-.nu.3<25(9) 2<(d5+d6)/d3<9.9(10) 0.18f<d1+d5+d6<0.24f(11) 0.28f<r1<0.31fwhere.SIGMA.

Abstract: A laser scanning motor includes a coreless flat brushless motor disposed in a rotatable polygonal mirror having polygonal outer mirror surfaces. A light beam applied to the polygonal mirror is deflected by controlling the rotation of the coreless flat brushless motor. Poles and a bearing holder of the coreless flat brushless motor in a rotor assembly are formed of a plastic magnetic material. When manufacturing the laser scanning motor, the poles and the bearing holder are formed simultaneously by filling the plastic magnetic material in one operation, and then firmly securing the poles and bearing holder to the rotor assembly.

Abstract: A microscope apparatus manufacturable at a low cost, and equipped with a photographing device assuring coincidence between an image to be observed and an image to be photographed, correctly photographing the up-down and right-left directions of a sample with no switching operation and permitting correct readout of characters, etc. written on a sample, a macro observation or drawing attachment permitting observation of the entire surface of a sample even of a large size without fail, not degrading operability of the microscope and having a composition to facilitate correction of image rotation, and a data imprinting device providing legible imprinted data images and capable of shifting data imprinting position on the film surface of the photographing device.

Abstract: A three-dimensional display is disclosed which uses a variable focal length lens through which two-dimensional images of an object are viewed. In one embodiment, a sequence of different images representative of cross sections of the object along its depth dimension are presented by a two-dimensional display apparatus such as a high resolution CRT. The viewer sees these two-dimensional images of the object through the variable focal length lens. The focal length of the lens is changed in synchronization with the two-dimensional images such that each cross section image is seen at a different focal length, thus resulting in a three-dimensional image of the object. The rate of change of the two-dimensional images and the focal length of the lens is higher than the retention rate of the eye of the viewer, thus the images presented appear to fuse into a coherent three-dimensional image.

Abstract: An optical substantially afocal beam expander has a negative lens element spaced from a positive lens element. The lens elements are of different materials with respective coefficients of refractive index change with respect to temperature such that the effect of a temperature change on one element is at least partially compensated by the effect of the temperature change on the other element. The beam expander is therefore substantially athermalised with respect to afocality.

Abstract: Various embodiments of multiple belt camshaft grinding machines each have grinding belt drive, contouring and support members carried on a feed table for separate control of cam contouring and grinding feed rate while the camshaft workpiece is carried on a fixed axis by a table providing axial motion for belt wear balancing oscillation and, optionally, camshaft indexing. Curved shoe or wheel contouring members allow reverse curve cam grinding. Special shoe materials and belt-shoe lubrication may be provided to reduce shoe wear. Other features are also disclosed.

Abstract: This invention discloses a cargo container with transparent polycarbonate panels held by inner and outer corner molding strips. The molding strips are press-fitted together, form the corner joints of the container, and retain the panel edge corrugations by internesting the corrugations in a matching channel formed by the mated strips. The panel, therefore, is not penetrated by bolts, rivets, etc. The invention also discloses a method to progressively shape-form corrugations into preheated (to 120.degree. F.) panels by a series of roller dies, some of which are also heated to 110.degree. F.

Abstract: A light receiving member has a support and a light receiving layer. The light receiving layer has an inner layer composed of a-Si(Ge,Sn)(H,X) and an outer layer composed of a-Si(H,X) containing neither germanium atoms nor tin atoms. The support has an uneven surface of spherical dimples, each having an inside face provided with minute irregularities.The light receiving member exhibits high photosensitivity in the entire visible region of light; exhibits an excellent matching property with a semiconductor laser and shows quick light response. The member is suited for image formation by using coherent light, free from interference fringe patterns and spots upon reversed development even after repeated use for a long period of time. The member is free from defective images or blurring, shows high density with clear half tones, has a high resolving power, and can provide high quality images.

Abstract: In a liquid crystal driving system for driving a plurality of liquid crystal display devices with a single liquid crystal driver, segment signals from the driver are connected in common to the liquid crystal devices. Meanwhile, common signals which are connected to the liquid crystal display devices are in different waveforms from each other.

Abstract: A laser beam scanning apparatus, a device for stabilization of the beam intensity distribution, the device comprising an air turbulence generator disposed adjacent a portion of the laser beam optical path and adapted to provide forced air flow substantially thereacross, the forced air flow tending to eliminate variations in the index of refraction of the air layers in the optical path.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a zoom lens mount assembly for use in optical apparatus such as photographic camera, video camera or the like. The zoom lens mount assembly of this type usually comprises a plurality of frames consisting of a stationary frame and movable frames assembled into a multilayered frame structure. The present invention provides a novel and improved zoom lens mount assembly in which the innermost layer is constructed from a plurality of frames into a single-layered structure and thereby an inner diameter of the lens mount assembly is dimensioned as largely as possible without making the lens mount assembly as a whole bulky. The present invention also permits the cam frame to be molded of synthetic resin material or the like and permits this cam frame to be mounted in a bayonet fashion.

Abstract: The load-locking joint, which is particularly suitable as a suspension mount for surgery microscopes, comprises a joint ball mounted in a housing and having a shaped-on hinge pin or rod, whose free mobility can be inhibited in its mount by mechanical clamping elements. The self-locking action is brought about in that the clamping elements engage on the spherical surface of the ball and during the rotation of the joint ball are carried along on said side, but are supported on a fixed abutment on the other side, the length between the point on the joint ball and the support point increasing with a slope, whose tangent is smaller than the friction coefficient.

Abstract: A catadioptric optical imaging system comprises a dioptric assembly (20) and a catoptric assembly (21), which are positioned with respect to each other to form an imaging system of long focal length. The dioptric assembly (20) comprises two confocal paraboloidal mirrors (22, 23) arranged to form a telescope of the Mersenne type. The catoptric assembly (21) comprises lens elements arranged in two groups, viz., a field group (25) and a relay group (26), which are coaxially disposed with respect to the dioptric assembly (20). Only two different optical materials, viz., calcium fluoride crystal and Hoya LAC7 glass, are used in making the lens elements of the dioptric assembly (20). The dioptric assembly (20) is color-corrected at five wavelengths and has only negligible secondary and higher-order spectra in a wavelength band extending from the ultraviolet region to the near infrared region of the optical spectrum.

Abstract: A zoom lens including, from front to rear, a first lens unit of positive power for focusing, a second lens unit of negative power having the function of varying the image magnification, a third lens unit of negative power for compensating for the image shift resulting from the variation of the image magnification, a fourth lens unit of positive power receptive of the diverging light bundle from the first lens unit for producing an almost parallel light bundle, and a fifth lens unit having the function of forming an image on the focal plane, wherein the aperture ratio is increased to 1.4 in F-number, the magnification range is extended to about 10, and high grade imaging performance is preserved.