Abstract: Method and apparatus for accurately simulating locomotion in a weightless environment, specifically to prevent atrophy of a subject's musculoskeletal and cardiorespiratory systems during space travel, are disclosed. Forces, including the vertical, horizontal and lateral force generated by an individual during locomotion on a treadmill, utilizing a rigid belt with rigid transfer elements supported by low friction bogies are measured by strain gauges sensitive in their respective direction. The vertical forces produced by securing the subject to the treadmill via bungee cords in conjunction with the measured velocity of the treadmill, and the mode of locomotion are used to determine the subject's equivalent weight. The other horizontal and lateral forces are used to determine the external work produced by the subject when locomotion is performed on a nonlevel surface with an effective grade angle. The measured forces are related in such a way that the grade angle is easily determined.

Abstract: A corset-type back brace apparatus is disclosed which has electromechanical means for tightening a corset around the trunk of a patient to a desired tension. The electromechanical means includes a pair of motor driven rollers which are controllable by the patient to effect predetermined tension settings.

Abstract: An electronic teaching device (10) provides several mathematical activities including Place Value, Trade, Target, Solve It, Word Problems, Estimate, Select and Calculator. The Place Value activity enhances the understanding of numbers by pictorially displaying the place values. The Trade activity enhances the understanding of addition and subtraction by allowing the user to trade between the ones' place value and the tens' place value to properly perform a mathematical operation. The Target activity emphasizes logical reasoning and problem solving. The Solve It activity uses the place-value system to develop logical reasoning.The Word Problems activity tests the user's knowledge of basic mathematical terms and facts. The Estimate activity develops the ability to estimate answers to problems. The Select activity allows the user to recognize basic math operations.