Abstract: The present invention relates to an aerosol composition for in vivo imaging or ex vivo diagnosis of tumors, which composition contains one or more soluble fragments of bacterial wall or cell peptidoglycan or equivalent synthetic compounds which are labelled with a radioactive, paramagnetic or fluorescent element and encapsulated in liposomes and a substrate which can be used for administration by aerosol.

Abstract: An epoxy microcapsule comprising an oil core material and a microcapsule wall enclosing the oil core material. The microcapsule wall is an interfacial polymerization product of an epoxy resin and a polyamino compound having multifunctional amino groups capable of crosslinking the epoxy resin. The epoxy resin is preferably bisphenol A or bisphenol F based epoxy resin. The polyamino compound preferably has primary and tertiary amino groups. The epoxy microcapsule can be used in carbonless copying systems.

Abstract: The use of frangible microcapsules in cleansing creams and cold creams and other cosmetic products improves their cleansing, cleaning, and removal properties without damage to the skin.

Abstract: The present invention provides an apparatus and method for manufacture of multilamellar or paucilamellar lipid vesicles. The apparatus and method use shear mixing in a substantially cylindrical mixing chamber having at least one tangential input for rapid production of the lipid vesicles.

Abstract: The invention relates to sustained pulsewise release pharmaceutical preparation which comprices drug-containing polymeric material layers (layers A) and polymeric material layers containing the drug in question only in a slight amount or free of the drug (layers B) disposed alternatingly, with the whole surface extending in the direction perpendicular to the layer plane being coated with a polymeric material which is insoluble in water or scarcely soluble in water (polymeric material C).This pharmaceutical preparation of this invention is designed so that active ingredients which should desirably be released pulsewise can be released therefrom in a pulse-like and clinically significant manner and thereby the pharmacological effects of said active ingredients can be maintained for a prolonged period of time.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for producing microcapsules by microencapsulating hydrophobic oils, particularly with substances contained therein, in which the hydrophobic oil is mixed, accompanied by vigorous stirring, into an aqueous medium containing a dispersion-stabilizing compound. The resulting oil-in-water dispersion is acid adjusted, aminoplastic capsules are formed in the conventional manner and the aqueous fraction of the aqueous medium is removed in the usual way. The aqueous medium contains a water-soluble, cationic compound such that it forms a dispersion-stabilizing compound in interaction with the water-soluble, anionic, sulphonated melamine-formaldehyde precondensate. The microcapsules obtained according to this process can be obtained economically without agglomerate formation in the form of dry single capsules e.g. by spray drying the aqueous capsule dispersion obtained. The invention also permits the encapsulation of random substances in dissolved and/or finely dispersed form.

Abstract: The subject compounds, which are adapted for the site-specific/sustained delivery of centrally acting drug species to the brain, are:(a) compounds of the formula[D-DHC] (I)wherein [D] is a centrally acting drug species, and [DHC] is the reduced, biooxidizable, blood-brain barrier penetrating lipoidal form of a dihydropyridine.revreaction.pyridinium salt redox carrier, with the proviso that when [DHC] is ##STR1## wherein R is a lower alkyl or benzyl and [D] is a drug species containing a single NH.sub.2 or OH functional group, the single OH group when present being a primary or secondary OH group, said drug species being linked directly through said NH.sub.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a novel process for preparing isothiocyanate functionalized chelates by reacting amino functionalized chelates with thiophosgene.

Abstract: A method of forming liposomes with a uniform size distribution, and an average size of about 300 nm or less. Vesicles-forming lipids are dissolved in a water-miscible solvent, such as ethanol, and an aqueous medium is added to a water:solvent ratio at which lipid assembly first occurs. The water:solvent ratio is raised, under conditions which maintain the volume of the mixture substantially constant, until uniform-size liposomes are formed. The average size of the liposomes can be selectively varied by changing the ionic strength and lipid composition of the mixture. In one embodiment, the method is used to produce small unilamellar vesicles. Also disclosed are suspensions of liposomes which have a narrow, substantially symmetrical size distribution in a selected size range.

Abstract: A method of forming lipid structures, such as liposomes is disclosed. Lipids are dissolved in a solvent system containing a water-miscible solvent, such as ethanol, and an aqueous medium. The water:solvent ratio is raised by removing water and solvent in a reverse osmosis system, and replacing lost solvent with added aqueous medium, preferably at a rate which just balances volume loss by reverse osmosis. In one embodiment, the method is used to produce uniform-size liposomes.

Abstract: Monodisperse, polymeric microspheres are formed by injecting uniformly shaped droplets of radiation polymerizable monomers, preferably a biocompatible monomer, having covalent binding sites such as hydroxyethylmethacrylate, into a zone, impressing a like charge on the droplet so that they mutually repel each other, spheroidizing the droplets within the zone and collecting the droplets in a pool of cryogenic liquid. As the droplets enter the liquid, they freeze into solid, glassy microspheres, which vaporizes a portion of the cryogenic liquid to form a layer. The like-charged microspheres, suspended within the layer, move to the edge of the vessel holding the pool, are discharged, fall and are collected. The collected microspheres are irradiated while frozen in the cryogenic liquid to form latent free radicals. The frozen microspheres are then slowly thawed to activate the free radicals which polymerize the monomer to form evenly-sized, evenly-shaped, monodisperse polymeric microspheres.

Abstract: The present invention involves a liposomal agent for treating disseminated fungal infection in an animal. This liposomal agent comprises the polyene antifungal compound mepartricin. The mepatricin is encapsulated within a liposome. The liposome in which the mepartricin is incorporated is preferably a stable multilamellar vesicle. The liposome broadly comprises one or more lipids one or more of phosphomonoglyceride, phosphatidic acid and sphingolipid. The lipids are preferably one or more of phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylglycerol, sphingomyelin or phosphatidic acid. The lipids are most preferably one or more of dimyristoylphosphatidylchlorine, dimyristoylphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylglycerol. The liposome of the present invention may comprise a sterol most preferably cholesterol. An important aspect of the present invention involves a method for treating disseminated fungal infection in an animal.

Abstract: A device is disclosed which achieves a constant rate of release of an active ingredient in the temperature range of 5.degree. to 45.degree. C., which comprises a container having at least a portion of its surface membrane consisting essentially of polyethylene, polypropylene, or copolymers thereof, said membrane having a thickness of less than 6 mil, and within the container a solution of active ingredient in a solvent in contact with a negative release modulator, wherein the negative release modulator is less miscible with the solution at 5.degree. C. than at 45.degree. C.

Abstract: The invention is a process and apparatus for the manufacture of microcapsules. The microcapsules have a core which contains a liquid, gaseous, solid or multiple-phase material which is coated with an impermeable film. The microcapsules are formed by applying high pressure, for a short period of time, to a mixture of the core and shell material, and by gradually reducing the pressure, such as by passing the capsules through a baffled chamber. The invention also includes a method for adjusting the size of the microcapsules, and for adjusting the thickness of their shells. The microcapsules can be made with several shell layers, to increase their strength. They can also be made as multiple capsules, having two or more cores. The invention also includes a method and apparatus for making microcapsules in a continuous process. The present invention produces microcapsules in a small fraction of the time required by methods of the prior art.

Abstract: This invention provides partially debranched starch, prepared by enzymatic hydrolysis of the alpha-1,6-D-glucosidic bonds of the starch, comprising amylopectin, partially debranched amylopectin and up to 80%, by weight, short chain amylose. This invention also provides a method for preparing this starch, employing an endo-alpha-1,6-D-glucanohydrolase. The starch of this invention is useful for lending a fat-like, lubricating texture to aqueous dispersions, forming stable opaque clouds, forming thermoreversible gels, high strength gels and water-resistant films, and for thickening and bonding.

Abstract: Methods for coating hydrophilic gels onto the surface of solid particles are disclosed which include utilizing hydrophilic solid particles, intimately admixing these hydrophilic solid particles with a hydrophilic gel-forming substance at a temperature above the gelling temperature so as to coat the solid hydrophilic particles, and then separating these coated particles from each other and cooling them to a temperature below the gelling temperature. The use of these coated particles is also disclosed in connection with various separation processes, such as an ion exchanger, in those cases where the gel-forming substance contains charged groups, or providing the particles with suitable adsorbent groups.

Abstract: A process for preparing 3-nitro-1,2,4-triazol-5-one by nitrating 1,2,4-trol-5-one in 70% nitric acid at a temperature of from 60.degree. C. to 75.degree. C. and then crystallizing out the product 3-nitro-1,2,4-triazol-5-one at a temperature of from 0.degree. C. to 10.degree. C. The nitro-1,2,4-triazol-5-one is useful as an explosive.

Abstract: A process for solvent welding pure polybutene-1, or blends or copolymer of polytbutene-1 to polybutene-1 where the polybutene-1 items are contacted with a solvent such as methylene chloride, tetrahydrofuran or cyclohexane and then contacted together within a variable period of time after solidification of the polybutene-1 items.

Abstract: A process for the froth flotation beneficiation and separation of molybdenite from copper mining by-product is disclosed.

Abstract: Novel nucleic acid fragments coding for insecticidal proteins, the insecticidal proteins encoded thereby, insecticidal compositions containing such proteins, and the use of these proteins in combatting insects, particularly mosquitoes, are described. Chimeric genes containing the novel nucleic acid fragments, and microorganisms, tissues, seeds, and plants incorporating the nucleic acid fragments are also discussed.