Abstract: To enhance copy quality in an electrostatic type copier or reproduction machine, the photoconductive surface bearing the latent electrostatic image of the original being copied is, before development, exposed to a second charge generating device producing a relatively low charge opposite in polarity to the original charge. The aforesaid second charge is desirably equal to or less than the image background voltage, and serves to reduce overall image charge and thereby neutralize to a large extent the image background voltage without changing or upsetting the image voltage contrast. A low emission scorotron positioned between imaging and developing stations may serve as the second charge generating device.

Abstract: A microfiche or other form of microfilm record having a main set of images thereon which may be selectively projected onto a viewing screen. In order to facilitate the making of reproductions of the recorded images without interposing a mirror between the sensitive film or the plate of the reproducer and the image projection system, the microfiche incorporates a companion set of images each being a reversed image of the corresponding image on the main set whereby when a reversed image is projected, it may be directly reproduced to produce a non-reversed, readable copy.

Abstract: A camera being so composed as having an electric driving device which has a means to detect completion signals for each of such actions as film wind up, shutter release, film rewinding preparation and film rewinding, wherein an electric motor is controlled by said signals to perform each action of film wind up, shutter release and film rewinding automatically and in time sequence.

Abstract: An electrostatographic copying system in which an image is formed on an imaging surface and transferred at a transfer station to a copy sheet, where the copy sheet is transported through the toner transfer station on a belt which has a pattern of very closely spaced discrete conductive strips which are electrically biased to provide a pattern of electrostatic fringe fields holding the sheet onto the belt. The same conductors may be variably biased in the transfer station to effect tailored transfer fields. The same belt then carries the sheet through the toner fusing station. The copy sheet may thus be continuously carried on the same supporting belt through the entire copying system.

Abstract: Water supply apparatus for a lithographic printing machine includes a main frame having two laterally spaced main frame members, and a sub-frame having two laterally spaced sub-frame members each pivotally mounted on a respective main frame member. A laterally extending water transfer roller is rotatably mounted between the main frame members, a laterally extending water pick up roller is rotatably mounted between the sub-frame members, and a laterally extending pressure roller is rotatably mounted between the sub-frame members and in contact with the pick up roller, which projects into a water tray. The sub-frame can be pivoted to position the pick up roller in or out of contact with the transfer roller, and the main frame is attachable to a printing machine to enable water to be transferred from the transfer roller to a lithographic printing plate.

Abstract: In the illustrative embodiments of the invention disclosed, autostereoscopic pictures are produced by taking a series of two-dimensional views of an object field and projecting them in an enlarger onto lenticular print film. Adjustable-focus and fixed-focus cameras are provided for taking the two-dimensional views, either simultaneously or sequentially, in a manner which automatically accounts for the effect of variation of the camera-to-object distance on the configuration of the enlarger-lenticular print film system, thereby allowing the parameters of the enlarger-print film system to be held constant. The number of enlarging lenses employed may correspond to the number of two-dimensional views to be projected, by virtue of which the stereoscopic picture may be composed in a single projection step, or a single enlarging lens may be used to project the two-dimensional views in sequence.

Abstract: A remote focusing device for cameras is disclosed in which a focusing ring is rotatably disposed around the shutter release button coaxially thereof and is operatively coupled to a mechanism for moving the camera lens in such a way that when the focusing ring is rotated, the camera lens may be moved in the direction of the optical axis thereof for focusing.

Abstract: A film cassette comprising an outer case containing monosheets therein and having a front wall defining an opening, through which said monosheets may be exposed, an end wall defining a removal passage, through which said exposed monosheets may pass, and another end wall defining an insertion passage, and a lightproof protective board, which is locatable in a foremost position in said cassette to protect said monosheets from exposure to light through said front opening, is removable from said cassette through said removal passage, and is insertable into said foremost position through said insertion passage.

Abstract: A compact vertical plate processor providing dwell time, brushing and squeegee for developing plates which are inserted vertically from the top of the processor between pairs of transport rollers and brush rollers and thereby immersed in a developing solution. A spring-loaded cam lever mechanism separates each pair of upper and lower transport rollers as well as an intermediate pair of brush rollers from a contacting position to a loading position to permit insertion of a plate into the solution. After a pre-set dwelling time, a drive motor is activated for rotating the rollers to deliver the plate up out of the processor. Also, an adjustable plate size adapter sets the height at which the plate can be lowered into the tank so that such plate never falls from between the nip of the lowest set of rollers in the processor. The processor provides automatic developing of the plate in a vertical, non-feedthrough operation, thereby permitting a compact apparatus requiring a minimum of table top space.

Abstract: A self-destructing identification card including electrostatically deposited identification data sandwiched between two halves of a fold-over plastic card, the two halves of which are cohered to each other by a cold solvent cement, and the method of and apparatus for manufacturing the card including a television camera for taking a picture to be imprinted on the card and a cathode ray tube for providing a negative image on a freeze frame basis for imprinting on a sensitized portion of the identification card during manufacture thereof.

Abstract: A dry type developing device built in a copying apparatus or like apparatus for developing an electrostatic latent image formed on a copy sheet by means of a magnetic brush wherein the device is provided with sheet guide means and receiver means which have the effect of ensuring proper contact of the copy sheet with the magnetic brush by keeping the copy sheet from invading and moving through, or moving with parts of the image being kept out of contact with, the layer of toner particles magnetically held in place on the peripheral surface of a toner supply drum in the developing station. Soiling of the underside of the copy sheet by toner particles or partial non-developing or under-developing of the latent image can be prevented, so that the toner image formed is high in quality and free from irregularities in density.

Abstract: A photograph and negative holder providing for display of the photograph and negative in back to back relationship in individual transparent envelopes and including a hinge flap for securing the photographs and a writing surface on one of the surfaces of the envelope.

Abstract: A method of composing pictures of objects comprises the steps of exposing a frame of a record medium such as a frame of a roll of film or a target in a television camera via a camera lens while masking a portion of the field from exposure by a first mask disposed in front of the lens. The field frame of the record medium is then re-exposed via the same lens, while masking a previously unmasked portion of the field or frame and maintaining the f/stop for the lens the same as for the first exposure. The foregoing is accomplished by apparatus in one instance comprising a camera having means for transporting film, a lens, first and second masks serving to block light to complimentary portions of the film, a light shade supported by the lens to sequentially support the masks in front of the lens at a distance sufficient to inhibit exposure of complementary portions of the film.

Abstract: An electrophotographic film member is exposed to an image source, such as a cathode ray tube display unit, and the latent image toned to form a temporary visible image on said film member at a first station. The film member carrying the temporary visible image is stepwise translated to a projection station where it is projected in an enlarged display upon a suitable receptor surface. Thereafter, the film member is stepwise translated to an erase station where the toner is removed and the film member made ready for reuse to receive another image. The first station includes suitable structure for charging the film member, a selectively operable blind or shutter for exposing the charged film member to the image source and an applicator for applying suitable toner from a toner source to the exposed film member. The toner particles adhere tenaceously but removably to the exposed film member without any fixing or fusing process and hence, the toner can be removed from the film member afer projection.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method and apparatus for holding and detecting correct placement of a photosensitive film on a carrier in a photographic reproduction apparatus for imaging the film. The carrier has an alignment surface against which the film is firmly held when imaged. Vacuum means are provided which are operably connected to the alignment surface for holding the film securely to the alignment surface. Air passageway means operably connected to the vacuum means are provided in the alignment surface, the air passageway means being of a size and in a position to form a closed vacuum system which permits a high vacuum level only when the film is correctly placed on the carrier. Vacuum level detecting means operably connected to the vacuum means are provided for detecting the level of the vacuum, and therefore, correct placement of the film on the carrier.

Abstract: A carrying case is disclosed for photographic cameras of the compact collapsible type which may be extended or erected to an operative position without removal of the camera from the case. The case is constructed to safely contain the camera and securely support the same in all positions of camera movement from a compact folded position to a fully erected position and to permit complete operation of the camera during all normal photographic procedures, including the removal and insertion of film cassettes into a film magazine receiving chamber of the camera without the necessity of removing the camera from the case. The case is formed of specially constructed top and bottom case members that are provided with hinged sections and cooperating linkage which are movable with the camera's housing sections during the erection of the camera to its operative position.

Abstract: Photo-composing apparatus comprising a projection system for projecting optical images onto a photo-sensitive recording member by way of a mirror which is rotatable to displace projected images with respect to the recording member, and an element formed by substantially parallel optical fibres between the mirror and the position in which the recording member will be held. The element has first and second major surfaces, the first major surface being concave, and facing the mirror, the second major surface having a radius of curvature substantially greater than that of the first major surface. The optical fibres extending between the first and second major surfaces, and the axis of rotation of the mirror is at the effective centre of curvature of the first major surface.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an improvement of the alignment system for the pupil in an eye-fundus camera. An auxiliary lens is provided so as to be freely inserted and pulled out at an optical path behind an object lens in an optical system for observing and photographing an eye fundus wherein said auxiliary lens is inserted at the same position as that of an image of the eye fundus which is formed by said object lens when said auxiliary lens is not inserted. Thus the image of a pupil is formed so that observation of the pupil becomes possible by an eye-fundus observation finder and the alignment of the pupil becomes easy.

Abstract: Apparatus for forming electrostatographic reproductions back-to-back on suitable support surfaces including first and second photoconductive imaging surfaces and means to provide a developed image on each photoconductive surface and provide simultaneous transfer of the developed images from the photoconductive surfaces onto both of the support surfaces.

Abstract: A device for handling photographic film between a holder or cassette and an exposure reproduction apparatus including a drum, wherein the cassette is arranged to be supported with an opening therein registering with an opening in a housing supporting film exposure means, film supported in the cassette being transferred through the aligned openings into the housing and into engagement with the supporting means to facilitate exposure of the film within the housing. A rockably mounted film supporting frame in the cassette is movable through the openings to place the film in mounted relation on an exposure drum within the housing, by means of aligned film supporting pins on the frame and on the drum. Manually operable driving and control means are provided on and in the housing for actuating and controlling both the cassette film frame and the exposure drum as well as stripping means whereby after exposure the exposed film is returned to the cassette.