Abstract: A thin-film two-terminal element including first metal film functioning as a wiring layer and a first electrode, a first insulating film formed on the first electrode of the first metal film and having a non-linear resistance property, a second metal film formed on the first insulating film and functioning as a second electrode, and a third metal film formed in a wire layer portion of the first metal film and having a smaller stress and a smaller electrical resistance than the first metal film, and a thin-film two-terminal element including, on a resinous substrate as an insulative substrate, a first metal film functioning as a wiring layer and a first electrode, a first insulating film formed on the first electrode of the first metal film and having a non-linear resistance property, a second metal film formed on the first insulating film and functioning as a second electrode, and a second insulating film formed under the second metal film except on a portion thereof which electrically functions with the firs

Abstract: A circuit pattern surface curving in correspondence with the surface shape of a ball-like semiconductor device material such as a silicon ball is formed in a reticle. A resist-applied surface of the device material is so exposed as to move the ball-like semiconductor device material close to the circuit pattern surface. In this manner, a circuit pattern is formed on the surface of the ball-like device material.

Abstract: Provided is a novel ink which is suitable for producing a color filter by use of an ink-jet system. The ink comprises a pyrazolone dye of the general formula (I): wherein R1 and R2 are each independently a hydrogen atom, an OH group, a halogen atom, a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, a nitro group, a CF3 group or an SO3(M1) group, where M1 is an alkali metal or NH4; both R3 and R4 are an SO3(M2) group, where M2 is an alkali metal or NH4.

Abstract: A means to fabricate a color filter for use in a display, such as a liquid crystal display, in which a physical barrier is created which prevents the flow of a liquid dye after application and ensures that individual cells are filled with only the desired color. Additionally, a means is disclosed which creates a surface with all colors initially present, followed by an exposure means and a development means which enables the desired color to fill the desired cell.

Abstract: An illuminating optical device comprises a light source for supplying light, and a condenser lens system for collecting the light from the light source and guiding the light onto an object to be illuminated. The condenser lens system has an optical element that has a refractive power, and that can be tilted or decentered with respect to the optical axis of the condenser lens system. By tilting or decentering the optical element, sloped illuminance distributions can be deliberately produced, which can cancel out uneven illuminance distributions having opposite slopes which originally exist in the system. Consequently, satisfactory uniform as well as desired specific non-uniform illuminance distributions can be achieved.

Abstract: A method for printing on an exposed polymerised thermoplastic or curable layer of the body of a portable data medium, and a portable data medium particularly a chip card, comprising a polymerised layer, are disclosed. The method comprises the steps of mixing a polymerisable thermoplastic or curable binder and at least one light-sensitive compound responsive to laser radiation having a predetermined wavelength in such a way that it changes from a first state to a second coloured state, in order to form a mixture, exposing the mixture to the laser radiation having a predetermined wavelength; and polymerising the mixture to form the polymerised layer of the body of the data medium. The method is particularly suitable for printing on smart cards.

Abstract: A stable, image-retaining, optically switchable film produced from a purple membrane in a high-pH polyvinyl alcohol solution forms an optical memory for data storage. The film, when dry, can be exposed to light to convert BR molecules to their M state, which is stable, and which allows long-term image storage. The image can be erased by exposing the film to yellow light to thereby switch all the molecules to the M state, and then a reverse image can be obtained using blue light. By controlling the location and wavelength of the incident light, pixels can be selected and exposed for information storage.

Abstract: Novel laser-optical recording elements which can be repeatedly erased and recorded on contain recording layers (a) which exhibit enantiotropic, ferroelectric smectic liquid crystalline (S.sub.c*) behavior, so that they can be switched back and forth between two thermodynamically stable, optically distinguishable ferroelectric smectic liquid crystalline S.sub.c* order states on exposure to a laser beam of sufficient luminous power, by applying an external electric field. The recording layers (a) themselves consist mainly or exclusively of novel polymers P having chiral mesogenic side groups.