Abstract: A semiconductor device includes: a semiconductor element; a submount on which the semiconductor element is mounted, wherein the submount has a first surface on which the semiconductor element is mounted, a second surface located on a side opposite the first surface, and a lateral surface located between the first surface and the second surface, and wherein the submount comprises: a groove located at the second surface, a heat dissipation portion located at the second surface, and an electrode pattern located at the first surface; a package substrate on which the submount is mounted; a first joint member that physically joins the heat dissipation portion to the package substrate; and a connection portion located on the side surface, wherein the connection portion electrically connects the electrode pattern and the package substrate, and the connection portion comprises a second joint member.

Abstract: A nonvolatile memory device includes a first structure and a second structure bonded to the first structure. The second structure includes a low-resistance conductive layer, a common source line layer on the low-resistance conductive layer, a stack structure above the common source line layer, a plurality of channel structures passing through a cell region of the stack structure and contacting the common source line layer, a dummy channel structure passing through a step region of the stack structure and contacting the common source line layer, a second insulating structure on the stack structure, a plurality of second bonding pads on the second insulating structure, and a second interconnect structure in the second insulating structure.

Abstract: A small, lightweight zoom lens has high imaging performance with a large aperture and a large zoom ratio. The zoom lens includes a first lens unit having positive power, a second lens unit having negative power, and a third lens unit having positive and negative power components. During zooming, the second lens unit moves along the optical axis and the first lens unit is fixed. At least one of the lens surfaces of the first or second lens units is aspheric. The first lens unit has at least one positive lens component with refractive index Nd+ and Abbe number .upsilon.d+ that satisfies the following condition:Nd+<1.43795<.upsilon.d+.

Abstract: A transparent electrode 21 formed by the ITO film, an EC layer 22 of an optoelectronic comprising element, a reflecting film also serving an electrode thin film 23 and an insulating sealing film 24 are deposited on a rear surface of a transparent substrate 20 of a main member of a mirror 10. The transparent substrate 20 has dividing lines 15, 16 for dividing a mirror surface area into a main mirror surface area 11 of a certain curvature convex surface having a large radius curvature and a supplemental mirror surface area 12 of a gradually varied curvature convex surface having a gradually decreased radius curvature. The EC layer 22 and the reflecting film also serving the electrode thin film 23 are divided along the dividing line 16 by cutting the transparent electrode 21 so that a reflectivity can be independently controlled on the main mirror surface area 11 and the supplemental mirror surface area 12 to achieve a safe driving of an automobile.

Abstract: A real image type zoom finder optical system is constructed by an objective optical system, an erect orthoscopic optical system and an eyepiece optical system sequentially arranged from an object side. The objective optical system is composed of first to fourth lens groups each constructed by a single lens. The erect orthoscopic image optical system is composed of two erect prisms. The eyepiece optical system is composed of one lens group. A front face of the second lens group is constructed by an aspherical surface such that the first, second, third and fourth lens groups respectively have positive, negative, positive and positive refracting powers. A real image formed by the objective optical system is focused and formed within the erect orthoscopic image optical system. A zooming operation is performed by moving the second lens group from the object side to an eyepiece side on an optical axis of the finder optical system.

Abstract: A liquid-crystal projection display system with higher efficiency is provided. The liquid-crystal projection display system comprises a double-layer square-pillar-like integrator, including an inner layer and an outer layer, having a polarization-separating thin film formed between the inner layer and the outer layer. The system also includes a converging light source for generating light converged at a point near one end surface of the double-layer square-pillar-like integrator, so that most light emitted from the light source enters the double-layer square-pillar-like integrator, and different polarized light is transmitted by being totally reflected off of surfaces of the inner layer and the outer layer respectively. A first lens is provided for forming real light spots on an image plane from virtual light spots formed by totally reflecting the different polarized light transmitted in the double-layer square-pillar-like integrator.

Abstract: Magnification correction for small field scanning of large blanks is provided by adding magnification adjusting elements (lenses) to a double pass Wynne-Dyson lens or other type of one-to-one projection lens. The magnification adjusting optical elements includes two pairs of low power lenses, one associated with each of the input and output prisms of a Wynne-Dyson lens. Movement of the magnification adjusting optics provides positive or negative magnification as needed to correct for any expansion or compaction of the blank relative to the reticle (mask) and hence maintain alignment. Further magnification correction is provided by a small velocity relative movement between the reticle and the blank by means of a secondary stage in the scan direction. This corrects for any alignment error in the scan direction and may be used independently of the optical correction technique with any type of projection lens.

Abstract: A compact, very-wide angle, high zoom-ratio zoom lens suitable for high-performance imaging use with a motion picture or still camera is disclosed. The zoom lens provides an image of an object over a continuous range of magnification from a wide-angle mode to a telephoto mode. The zoom lens comprises, coaxially objectwise to imagewise, a first lens group having positive refractive power, a second lens group having negative refractive power, and a third lens group having positive refractive power. Each lens group is axially movable for zooming, and the second lens group is also axially movable for focusing. Each lens group preferably includes multiple lens elements, wherein each of the second and third lens groups preferably includes an aspheric lens element. The lens elements in the third lens group are disposed in a front and a rear lens group both having positive refracting power and both being independently axially movable for zooming.

Abstract: The viewers' perception of laser speckle in a laser-scanned image projection system is modified or eliminated by the addition of an optical deflection system that effectively presents a new speckle realization at each point on the viewing screen to each viewer for every scan across the field. The speckle averaging is accomplished without introduction of spurious imaging artifacts.

Abstract: A lens barrel or an optical apparatus includes a first lens arranged to move for varying an image forming magnification, a second lens arranged to move for focusing and for compensating for a change in image forming position resulting from a movement of the first lens, a focusing part arranged to drive the second lens and having a backlash, and a zooming part which is arranged to drive the first lens and the second lens in an interlocking manner and to cause the second lens to move by using a part of the focusing part. The backlash is corrected when zooming is performed by the zooming part.

Abstract: A zoom lens system includes from the object side a first lens unit having a positive refractive power, a second lens unit having a positive refractive power, and a third lens unit having a negative refractive power. The third lens unit includes from the object side a positive lens and a negative lens. The zoom lens system meets the following conditions.1<.vertline.f.sub.3P /f.sub.3 .vertline.<3.050.1<.vertline.f.sub.3 /f.sub.T .vertline.<0.22wheref.sub.3P : focal length of the positive lens,f.sub.3 : focal length of the third lens unit, andf.sub.T : longest focal length of the entire system.

Abstract: A zoom lens is composed of a first lens group of a negative refractive power, a second lens group of a positive refractive power and a third lens group of a positive refractive power, in which, in the zooming operation from the wide angle end to the telephoto end, the distance between the first and second lens groups decreases and the distance between the second and third lens groups varies.

Abstract: A lens barrel has a movable lens unit movable in an optical-axis direction, a lens moving member for moving the movable lens unit and a frictional force applying member for applying a frictional force on the lens moving member so that a quantity of force for operating the lens moving member remains the same irrespective of a magnitude of the moving force for moving the movable lens unit.

Abstract: A zoom lens comprises a first lens group having a positive refracting power, a second lens group having a negative refracting power, and a third lens group having a positive refracting power, disposed in the named order from the object side, wherein the first lens group has a 1-1 lens group having a negative refracting power and a 1-2 lens group having a positive refracting power, disposed in the named order from the object side, wherein zooming from a wide angle end to a telephoto end is effected by increasing a gap between the first lens group and the second lens group and reducing a gap between the second lens group the third lens group, while fixing the first lens group, wherein focusing from infinity to near is effected by moving the 1-1 lens group to the object side; andwherein the following condition is satisfied:0.5<f1/fw<2.

Abstract: A focusing apparatus for a surveying instrument including an objective lens, a focusing lens and a reticle. The focusing lens is movable in an optical axis direction, by a rotating shaft member which is rotated by a motor, to form an image, of an object to be surveyed, on the reticle. Means for detecting a focus state of the object image and for controlling the motor in accordance with the detected focus state are provided. A focusing knob, coaxial with the rotating shaft member, and movable in an axial direction thereof is also provided. A plurality of clutches disengageably engages the focusing knob or the motor with the rotating shaft member, according to an axial movement of the focusing knob.

Abstract: A zoom lens of the rear focus type comprising, in order from an object side to an image side, a first lens unit of positive refractive power, a second lens unit of negative refractive power, a third lens unit of positive refractive power and a fourth lens unit of positive refractive power, wherein the second lens unit and the fourth lens unit are moved to effect zooming and the fourth lens unit is moved to effect focusing, wherein the third lens unit includes a positive first lens and a negative second lens of meniscus form convex toward the image side, and the fourth lens unit includes a negative first lens of meniscus form convex toward the object side and a positive second lens, and wherein an aspheric surface is applied to the third lens unit or the fourth lens unit.

Abstract: A catadioptric reduction projection optical system having a first lens unit having negative refractive power and widening a light beam from a reticle, a prism type beam splitter for transmitting therethrough a light beam from the first lens unit, a concave reflecting mirror for returning the light beam emerging from the beam splitter to the beam splitter while converging it, and a second lens unit having positive refractive power and converging the light beam returned to the beam splitter and reflected by the beam splitter, and forming the reduced image of a pattern on the reticle on a wafer.

Abstract: A zoom lens barrel includes an annular stationary barrel having a guide groove. A lens drive ring is rotatably fitted onto an outer peripheral surface of the stationary barrel, and is provided with a cam groove on an inner peripheral surface thereof. A first lens moving ring, holding at least two lens groups which are spaced in the optical axis direction, is provided with a guide groove and a cam follower which extends through the guide groove of the stationary barrel to be engaged in the cam groove of the lens drive ring. The first lens moving ring is movable along the guide groove in accordance with a rotation of the lens drive ring. A second lens moving ring, having a cam groove on an inner peripheral surface thereof, is rotatably fitted onto an outer peripheral surface of the first lens moving ring so as not to move in the optical axis direction relative to the first lens moving ring.

Abstract: A photographing lens includes a first lens group, a diaphragm, and a positive second lens group, in this order from the object side. The photographing lens satisfies the following relationships: .vertline.f/f.sub.1 .vertline.<0.2, and 0.7<h.sub.I-1 /h.sub.I-L <1.0. In the above relationships, "f" designates the focal length of the entire photographing lens, "f.sub.1 " the focal length of the first lens group, "h.sub.I-1 " the height of the incident point of paraxial rays on axis on the first surface of the first lens group, and "h.sub.I-L " the height of the incident point of paraxial on-axis rays on the last surface of the first lens group, respectively.

Abstract: The present invention is an optical apparatus, e.g. an image display apparatus, which enables observation of a clear image at a wide field angle with substantially no reduction in the brightness of the observation image, and which is extremely small in size and light in weight and hence unlikely to cause the observer to be fatigued. The optical apparatus has an image display device (6), and an ocular optical system (7) for leading an image of the image display device (6) to an observer's eyeball (1). The ocular optical system (7) includes, in order from the image side, a third surface (5) which forms an entrance surface, a first surface (3) which forms both a reflecting surface and an exit surface, and a second surface (4) which forms a reflecting surface. The first to third surfaces (3 to 5) are integrally formed with a medium put therebetween which has a refractive index larger than 1.