Abstract: The phenomenon of electroendosmosis which occurs in electrophoretic separations and interferes with the efficiency, accuracy and reproducibility of the separations, is suppressed by the inclusion in the separation medium of a dissolved hydrophilic polymer which has been modified by amine groups covalently bonded thereto, in a controlled proportion relative to the polymer. This modified polymer suppresses electroendosmosis in both flee zone electrophoresis and molecular sieve electrophoresis. When this modified polymer is used in a capillary, the reduction which it produces in the electroendosmosis is the same as that achieved by coating the capillary wall with a neutral polymer.

Abstract: Remediation of soil, concrete and groundwater using electropotential gradient induced migration of a target ion and immobilization and/or confinement of the target ion by a host receptor matrix (HRM). In addition to immobilizing and/or confining the target ion, the HRM can comprise a buffer or an ionizable species which releases an exchange ion during application of the electropotential gradient. The exchange ion, when less mobile than a (H.sup.+) ion or hydroxyl (OH.sup.-) ion, increases the efficiency of energy usage during decontamination. The exchange ion can also perform other tasks in the vicinity of the electrodes which improve the decontamination process. The host receptor matrix can comprise a material which is water impermeable and which has a low surface energy, such as a layer of polytetrafluoroethylene film. When such a material is used, the host receptor matrix can comprise a receptacle in which there is a liquid and/or solid composition.

Abstract: This invention relates to an improved gate valve having floating seal elements which are back-relieving and reversible for long-term permanent sealing under varied pressure conditions. The sealing elements are mounted in unrestrained relation in juxtaposed recesses in the fluid passage facing the movable gate with annular gaskets facing both the gate and the recesses for improved self-aligning sealing engagement therewith. The sealing elements and their annular gaskets may be reversed, interchanged, or readily replaced as desired, the valve structure being especially useful for inherently fail-safe slab type gate valves.

Abstract: A mechanical override is provided for use with electromechanical linear actuators used in the control of lever operated valves. A pair of telescoping tubes are supported in a fixed relationship to the valve. One tube provides a mounting location for the linear actuator while the other tube is stationary. A lead screw will be manually rotated to move one tube relative to the other. The linear actuator will travel with the moving tube to adjust the valve position.