Abstract: To remove the traces of chlorofluoromethane present in a difluoromethane, the difluoromethane to be purified is passed over a 13X molecular sieve at a temperature of at least 60.degree. C.The sieve can be regenerated by washing with the aid of a solution of sodium or potassium carbonate and heating to high temperature under inert atmosphere or in vacuum.

Abstract: A liquid starting mixture contains at least one fatty acid having 6 to 30 carbon atoms per molecule and per mole of fatty acid comprises 1.0 to 1.5 moles of fatty alcohol having 6 to 30 carbon atoms. An intermediate product which contains at least 50% by weight is prepared from the liquid starting product, which is passed at temperatures from about 120 to 320.degree. C. through a stirring zone and is sprayed and water vapor is removed. The intermediate product is hydrogenated to produce a raw product, which contains at least 75% by weight fatty alcohol. A partial stream which contains fatty alcohol is removed from the raw product and is added to the liquid starting mixture. The intermediate product which contains at least 50% by weight wax ester can be prepared without use of a solids containing catalyst.

Abstract: A method for producing an unsaturated alcohol having a chain structure formed by oligomerization of a conjugated alkadiene, which comprises reacting a conjugated alkadiene and water in the presence of carbon dioxide by means of a palladium compound and a phosphorus compound having at least one trivalent phosphorus-oxygen single bond, as catalyst.

Abstract: A quaternary ammonium halide is prepared by reacting a substituted or unsubstituted haloalkane with a tert-amine in a mol ratio not higher than 1.1/1 in the absence of a solvent and at a temperature such as to maintain the reaction mixture liquid.

Abstract: A method for producing allyl alcohols, which comprises heat-treating diallyl ethers in the presence of a catalyst containing a palladium compound and a phosphorus compound to convert them to allyl alcohols, wherein the heat treatment is conducted under such conversion reaction conditions that the value of function F represented by the following formula is within a range of 0.ltoreq.F<100, the concentration of allyl alcohols in the conversion reaction solution is not higher than 20 wt %, and the Pd concentration in the conversion reaction solution is within a range of from 0.005 to 1.0 wt %:F=.theta.t.multidot.[Pd].multidot.(t-100wherein .theta.t is the conversion reaction time (hours), [Pd] is the Pd concentration (wt %) in the conversion reaction solution, and T is the conversion reaction temperature (.degree.C.

Abstract: A process for preparing oxo alcohols and aldehydes by the cobalt catalyzed hydroformylation of C.sub.2 to C.sub.17 linear or branched monoolefins with subsequent hydrogenation of the hydroformylation product, in which oxo process aqueous solutions of cobalt salts are converted to active hydrido cobalt carbonyl species in a preformer reactor under preforming reaction conditions, the improvement characterized by the preformer reactor containing a shell-type, metal on substrate, preformer catalyst.

Abstract: A process for preparing a mixture of 8E,10E-dodecadienol (Ia), 8E,10Z-dodecadienol (Ib), 8Z,10E-dodecadienol (Ic) and 8Z,10Z-dodecadienol (Id),H.sub.3 C--CH.dbd.CH--CH.dbd.CH--(CH.sub.2).sub.6 --CH.sub.2 --OH(8E,10E=Ia)(8E,10Z=Ib)(8Z,10E=Ic)(8Z,10Z=Id)starting from 1,8-octanediol (II) which is converted with a halogenating agent into (III)Hal-CH.sub.2 --(CH.sub.2).sub.6 --CH.sub.2 --OH (III)where (III) is subsequently reacted with (IV),H.sub.2 C.dbd.CH--O--R (IV)to give (V)Hal-CH.sub.2 --(CH.sub.2).sub.6 --CH.sub.2 --O--CH(CH.sub.3)--OR(V),(V) is converted in the presence of magnesium and crotonaldehyde into (VI)H.sub.3 C--CH.dbd.CH--CH(OH)--(CH.sub.2).sub.8 --O--CH(CH.sub.3)--OR(VI)and the protective group R and the hydroxyl group are simultaneously eliminated from (VI) in the presence of acid, novel intermediates for this process, and methods for controlling the codling moth Cydia pomonella by interfering with mating using this mixture are described.

Abstract: Propylene oxide may be produced by an integrated process utilizing as a basic feedstock a refinery stream containing saturated hydrocarbons. The first element of the process converts one or more of the saturated hydrocarbons to a stream containing propylene and hydrogen using steam cracking, catalytic cracking, or preferably catalytic dehydrogenation. Hydrogen and propylene are separated, and the hydrogen is employed in a reaction cycle affording hydrogen peroxide. The latter is then used to epoxidize propylene in the presence of a suitable catalyst, especially a titanosilicate.

Abstract: Separation of CF.sub.3 CH.sub.2 F and CHF.sub.2 CHF.sub.2 from a mixture thereof is effectively achieved using either inorganic molecular sieves having suitable intermediate electronegaativities (compared to Zeolite Na-X) or activated carbon.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for producing 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropane and/or 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoropropene from (CF.sub.3).sub.2 CHCOOH and/or its water soluble salts. The process involves providing a mixture containing water and such carboxy compound(s) which has a pH of less than about 4, and reacting the mixture at a temperature of at least about 75.degree. C. Certain ether compounds may be included in the mixture along with (CF.sub.3)2 CHCOOH and/or its water soluble salts. The reaction of the carboxy (and optionally ether) compound(s) with water may be employed in connection with a process for producing tetrafluoroethylene and/or hexafluoropropylene by pyrolysis, where by-product perfluoroisobutylene is reacted with water (and optionally an alkanol) to produce (CF.sub.3).sub.2 CHCOOH (and optionally one or more ether compounds).

Abstract: In an epoxidation process wherein an olefin is reacted with hydrogen peroxide in the presence of a titanium-containing molecular sieve catalyst and a salt, the tendency of the catalyst to produce greater quantities of oxygen as it ages due to non-selective decomposition of the hydrogen peroxide may be counteracted by the addition of a chelating agent bearing hydroxyl, carboxyl, amino, and/or phosphoryl groups. The use of such a chelating agent enables selectivity to epoxide to be maintained at a desirably high level for a prolonged period of time in a continuous epoxidation unit.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for the preparation of 2,5-dihydrofuran compounds by contacting an olefinically-substituted ethylene carbonate compound with a catalyst comprising an acidic component and a halogen component. The process is especially useful for the preparation of 2,5-dihydrofuran from vinyl ethylene carbonate (4-ethenyl-1,3-dioxolane-2-one) which is readily available from 3,4-epoxy-1-butene.

Abstract: A method for continuously producing alkadienols, which comprises subjecting a conjugated alkadiene and water to a hydration dimerization reaction in a continuous type reactor in the presence of carbon dioxide and a catalyst comprising a palladium compound and a phosphorus compound, wherein a hydrophobic phosphorus compound is used as the phosphorus compound, and the reaction is carried out in the presence of an amine while maintaining the concentration of the conjugated alkadiene in the reaction solution in the reactor within a range of from 0.5 to 4.5 wt %.

Abstract: A process for preparing glyphosate and other secondary amines of related structure in which a precursor primary amine such as aminomethylphosphonic acid is condensed with glyoxylic acid, or a related aldehyde compound, and the condensation product reduced without isolation to produce the desired product.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of .alpha.-hydroxyketones of the general formula I ##STR1## in which R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, and R.sup.4 denote hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 alkyl orR.sub.1 and R.sup.3 together form a C.sub.2 -C.sub.10 alkylene chain optionally mono- to tri-substituted by methyl and/or ethyl andR.sup.5 denotes hydrogen, methyl or ethyl,from 2,3-epoxyalcohols of the general formula II ##STR2## in which R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, and R.sup.4 have the above meanings, at temperatures of from -10.degree. to 120.degree. C. and pressures of from 0.01 to 20 bar in the presence of a catalyst, wherein the catalyst used is a hydridocobalt compound, and the preparation of 2,3-epoxyalcohols II from 3-hydroperoxy alkenes III and their preparation from alkenes IV using oxygen or gas mixtures containing oxygen.

Abstract: A process for preparing tertiary alkanols which comprises the step of oxidizing with ozone a saturated hydrocarbon having a tertiary carbon center in the presence of a carboxylic acid and for a sufficient period of time and at suitable temperature and pressure to form said alkanols.

Abstract: The present invention provides a composition represented by the formula ##STR1## (wherein x is an integer of 3 to 7, y is an integer of 0 to 50, and R.sub.a and R.sub.b are H, methyl group, or propyl group and each of the R.sub.a and R.sub.b groups may be replaced with any of the other groups simultaneously) and useful as a raw material or modifier for resins for use in coating compositions, adhesives, epoxy resins, and the like, and further provides a process for producing a composition comprising compounds represented by the above formula (I) which process is characterized in that a compound represented by the formula ##STR2## is reacted with a lactone at 30.degree. to 20.degree. C. or compounds represented by the formula ##STR3## (wherein x, y, R.sub.a, and R.sub.b have the meanings as defined above) are epoxidized at 0.degree. to 80.degree. C. using a peroxide.

Abstract: A copper oxide/zinc oxide/aluminum oxide catalyst which contains, per 100 parts of copper oxide, 40 to 130 parts zinc oxide, 2 to 50 parts aluminum oxide, and 1 to 4 parts soium oxide. It has a total BET surface area of 50 to 100 m.sup.2 /g, and 75% to 95% of the total surface area is made up by pores having radii of 9 to 1000 nm, and 5% to 25% of the total surface area is made up by pores having radii of less than 9 nm. The catalyst is useful for hydrogenation of various organic compounds.

Abstract: A process is directed to the removal of impurities such as sulfur compounds, oxygenates, and/or olefins from a light paraffin hydrocarbon feedstock such as a C.sub.4 -C.sub.6 fraction, which may be used subsequently in an isomerization process in an integrated complex for the production of ethers such as MTBE and TAME. The hydrocarbon feedstream is passed to a removal zone wherein the hydrocarbon feedstream is contacted with a selective solvent for the removal of the impurities comprising at least one of sulfur compounds, oxygenates and olefins to provide a rich solvent stream and a treated hydrocarbon stream. The rich solvent comprising the trace impurities is contacted with a stripping medium stream to regenerate the selective solvent in a stripping zone. The removal zone may be a liquid-liquid extraction zone or a gas absorption zone.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of N-phosphonomethylglycine by reaction of aminomethanephosphonic acid and glyoxylic acid in the molar ratio 1:2 in aqueous medium.