Abstract: In an image transformation apparatus for performing image transformation process to a video signal. A sequential read address is transformed based on the function of which a first differential coefficient reduces monotonously in a manner approaching "0" from "1", and the video signal is read out from a storing means by this transformed read address, so as to add an image collapsing effect to the video signal.

Abstract: An input image is divided into blocks each represented by n.times.n matrix X, and then X.sup.T X is calculated. Singular values of X that are positive square roots of eigenvalues of X.sup.T X and first singular vectors that are normalized eigenvectors of X.sup.T X are calculated by, for instance, the Jacobi method. Second singular vectors that are normalized eigenvectors of XX.sup.T are calculated analytically using the singular values and the first singular vectors. The singular values and the first and second singular vectors thus calculated are coded.

Abstract: In the method of transferring charges generated by signal charge generating sections in response to light, a signal charge existing under some transfer electrode of the plural charge transfer sections arranged in parallel to each other is transferred through one of a plurality of connecting sections formed under the transfer electrode corresponding to another charge transfer section among the plural connecting sections formed between the plural charge transfer sections, on the basis of a predetermined drive pulse; and when the charge is transferred to the other charge transfer section, a charge remaining at the primary charge transfer section is transferred from the primary charge transfer section to the other charge transfer section, through the other connecting section among the plural connecting sections, to combine the remaining charge with the signal charge previously transferred.