Abstract: The present invention relates to a bread dough for standard white bread which incorporates pea flour in an amount between about 2% to 3%. It has been discovered that pea flour in such a relatively small amount acts to substantially reduce dough mixing time, to increase fermentation aroma, and to obtain improved taste in the bread, and yet it does not destroy the well recognized character of the baked product as standard white bread. The present invention also relates to a milk substitute for use in bread which consists essentially of a dry blend of pea flour and whey. Bread dough having the pea-whey milk substitute is not only characterized by reduced mixing and fermentation times, but also the resulting baked bread has been found to have a superior crust color and crumb structure.

Abstract: A process is provided for treating cereal grain which comprises soaking cereal grain in an aqueous medium containing crystalline fructose or liquid grape concentrate for about 10 to about 16 hours at a temperature from about 72.degree. to about 84.degree. F. and then adding proteolytic enzyme to the soaking mixture with continued soaking in the same temperature range for an additional 10 to 62 hours and thereafter separating the cereal grain from the soaking mixture. Baked products prepared from an ingredient mix containing the treated cereal grain have hypoallergenic characteristics.

Abstract: A process for producing orange juice which comprises steaming and crushing a whole orange or its rind, adding to the crushed material an enzyme produced by a microorganism of the genus Trichoderma or the genus Aspergillus and being free from those components having the activity of disintegrating the flavedo layer which will be eluted at a pH between 8 and 12 by fractionation, reacting the mixture at a temperature of 30.degree. to 55.degree. C., deactivating the enzyme, filtering the reaction mixture, and separating the residue.

Abstract: A method of producing a cheese product in snack-sized form comprising the steps of cooling a molten cheese to a temperature of about 45.degree. C. to 35.degree. C., heating a surface area extending in the radial direction from the surface of the cheese to a thickness of 1/8 to 1/6 of the cheese diameter of the cooled cheese to a temperature of about 52.degree. C. to 39.degree. C., cutting the heated cheese into snack sized pieces by rolling within a mold die for rounding the pieces of cheese, and forming each of the snack sized pieces into a rounded shape without corners, thereby providing a snack sized cheese product formed into a desirable rounded shape such as spherical, ellipsoidal, and barrel shape and having good appearance without creases and cracks on the surface thereof as well as a homogeneous texture.

Abstract: A product of fermentation of the water extract of tear grass with a Lactobacillus strain, and foods and feeds comprising said fermentation product. The fermentation product containing useful ingredients of tear grass can be produced by inoculating a Lactobacillus strain in a culture medium containing the water extract of tear grass, and subjecting it to lactic fermentation.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a fried tofu product comprises kneading a mixture of vegetable proteinaceous material containing about 60% or more by weight based on the weight of the solids thereof with water, adding an alkaline earth metal compound as a coagulating agent in an amount of 1% or more by weight, shaping the mixture into any desired shape and deep-frying the same, thereby providing a fried tofu product.

Abstract: An edible three dimensional food product and composition. The composition contains about five percent by weight of an uncooked, unhulled sesame seed, a minor amount of an oil rejection material, and a matrix of ground corn dough. Also disclosed is an apparatus for molding the composition into a relatively thick shaped item.

Abstract: A dough composition for making quality, thinly sheeted farinaceous food products such as pie crust or the like and which is shelf stable. The dough composition contains a high-starch, low-enzyme flour, shortening, water, gluten and preservatives. The composition is particularly adapted for making a pie dough which, during manufacture, is pre-sheeted and folded twice for packaging, and then is unfolded by the consumer for use.

Abstract: A method and a device to form a layer of certain thickness of an emulsion-like substance, for example, butter or margarine from a feedstock of any shape, wherein an amount of substance is repeatedly scraped from the feedstock and subsequently a portion of the desired thickness is separated from the scraped-off amount, the resultant portions being then joined one behind the other to form the desired layer, whereby owing to the scraping treatment of the emulsion-like substance the structure thereof is broken up and further treatment of the substance is facilitated even at lower temperatures without a change of the desired properties of the substance.

Abstract: Reconstituted pimiento material in ribbon form suitable for supplying to an automatic machine which pits olives, severs the ribbon into successive segments, folds each segment and stuffs the folded segment into the cavity of a pitted olive, such pimiento material comprising macerated pimiento flesh, an alginate (preferably predominating in mannuronic acid) and a starch and/or a gum (preferably both starch and a gum) and having a pH less than about 4.5, preferably not greater than about 4.0. The ribbon resulting from gelling and curing this material is dimensionally stable, has a good mouth feel, has a strength sufficient to allow storage, handling and folding 180.degree. and has a resilient quality which ensures secure retention in the cavities of stuffed olives.

Abstract: A method for producing bread is described which involves kneading a dough with an L-ascorbic acid, a dicarboxylic acid or salts thereof of the formula ##STR1## wherein n, X, Y, Z and Z' are as herein defined, cystine, methionine, alums and nicotinic acids, allowing the thus kneaded dough to ferment and then baking the thus fermented dough.

Abstract: Described for use in foodstuffs, chewing gums, toothpastes, medicinal products flavor and aromas, smoking tobacco flavor and aroma and perfume, cologne and perfumed article aroma augmenting, modifying, enhancing and imparting compositions and as foodstuffs, chewing gums, toothpastes, medicinal products, tobacco, perfume and perfumed article and cologne aroma imparting materials is 1-n-butoxy-1-ethanol acetate having the structure: ##STR1##

Abstract: Described for use in foodstuffs, chewing gums, toothpastes, medicinal products flavor and aromas, smoking tobacco flavor and aroma and perfume, cologne and perfumed article aroma augmenting, modifying, enhancing and imparting compositions and as foodstuffs, chewing gums, toothpastes, medicinal products, tobacco, perfume and perfumed article and cologne aroma imparting materials is 1-ethoxy-1-ethanol acetate having the structure: ##STR1##

Abstract: A process and apparatus for producing pastry and flaky pastry-like products wherein the starting mixture passes through a series of rollers wherein each succeeding roller moves faster than its preceding roller and the fleece-like film developed thereby is conducted to a variable speed conveyor belt wherein the ratio of the speed of the belt to the speed of the last roller is adjusted to expose the fleece-like film to a mechanical undulating effect, the film thereafter being dried. The temperature of the rollers is maintained at a predetermined precise low level within a range of 1.degree. C. as a result of circulating brine or other liquid through the roller mechanisms.

Abstract: An emulsion is stored in pressure containers and is ultimately forced from one container and then the other to a pump which pumps the emulsion against back pressure of the food product into a long Teflon tube of large diameter. The tube passes through cavities in plural microwave ovens and is cured by microwave energy from two magnetrons in each oven operating at about 2,450 megahertz and 1,000 watts each. The flow rate is controlled by the pump so that the food product remains in the microwave energy field for about 4 to 5 minutes whereupon it is fully cured. The continuously flowing food product in the tube is surrounded by a hot oil heat exchanger which heats the surface to about two to five hundred Fahrenheit, while the product is radially constrained and is under back pressure. The tube passes through a cooling heat exchanger immediately after the heater whereupon the surface is cooled to about 40.degree. Fahrenheit while radially constrained and under pressure, thus forming a smooth self-skin.

Abstract: The invention is an improved process and process equipment for preparing beef for cooking, particularly for cooking on a vertical rotisserie. The process is a step-by-step procedure for preparation of the beef. The process uses special process equipment of this invention that molds and compresses the beef preparation in a specific way to accomplish the end result that overcomes problems of the prior art in preparing beef for cooking on a vertical rotisserie.

Abstract: Improved batter formulations for making high-ratio cakes, along with corresponding methods, are provided which allow complete elimination of treated (e.g., chlorinated) wheat flour in the formulations without sacrifice of desirable organoleptic and structural properties in the end products. The batters include untreated wheat flour (either soft or hard) and respective minor amounts of one or more selected proteins and unmodified starch (e.g., wheat, corn or potato). In certain instances significant reductions in the amounts of shortening and/or egg ingredients normally used can be made, without deleteriously affecting cake quality.

Abstract: Described is a method for augmenting or enhancing the aroma or taste of foodstuffs comprising adding to foodstuffs:(a) a mixture of dihydro-nor-methyl jasmonate and nor-methyl jasmonate in order to augment or enhance the aroma or taste of tropical flavored foodstuffs including guava nectar; and(b) a mixture of dihydro-nor-methyl jasmonate and methyl jasmonate in order to augment or enhance the aroma or taste of pear or peach flavored foodstuffs.

Abstract: In a process for refrigerating protein materials, the material is prepared as a viscous paste at a relatively hot temperature and applied to a refrigerated heat transfer surface on a rotating drum, the temperatures of the protein material and the drum surface having a predetermined differential to cause congealed or frozen liquid at the interface between the protein material and drum surface to initially melt and immediately thereafter congeal or freeze in order to cause adhesion of the protein material to the surface. The protein material is compressed against the drum surface to improve heat transfer characteristics and subsequently removed in a suitably refrigerated or frozen condition. Initial heating may be extended to render excessive fat or to reduce bacterial content. Opposite surfaces of the sheet of material may also be contacted by first and second refrigerated heat transfer surfaces either simultaneously or in successive order.

Abstract: What is disclosed is a method for dissolving collagen-containing tissues, such as the wastes arising in leather processing, which comprises enzymatically hydrolyzing said tissues with at least one acid protease at a pH within the acid region.