Abstract: A heater includes a first conducting pin, a second conducting pin, and a plurality of resistance coils. Each resistance coil includes a first end connected to the first conducting pin and a second end connected to the second conducting pin. At least one resistance coil among the plurality of resistance coils has a continuously variable pitch. In one form, the plurality of resistance coils are connected in a parallel circuit with the first and second conducting pin. A first resistance coil among the plurality of resistance coils may have a diameter that is different than a second resistance coil among the plurality of resistance coils.

Abstract: A snow melting mat, including at least one main body that disperses heat throughout the surface of the at least one main body, at least one groove disposed on the surface of the at least one main body to prevent a user from slipping, at least one plug disposed on the at least one main body that is removably attached to at least one side of the at least one main body, at least one socket disposed on the at least one main body that is removably attached to at least one side of the at least one main body, such that the at least one plug is connected to the at least one socket, and a mesh of heating cables disposed within the at least one main body to provide heat to the at least one main body.

Abstract: A method of controlling a cooking apparatus, comprising a cleaning process comprising controlling a temperature in a cooking chamber such that the temperature in the cooking chamber is maintained at a preset first temperature for a preset first time, and controlling a temperature in a cooking chamber such that the temperature in the cooking chamber is maintained at a preset second temperature higher than the first temperature for a preset second time. A cooking apparatus comprising, a main body having a cooking chamber formed therein, a convection flow unit comprising a convection heater to heat air in the cooking chamber and a convection fan to circulate the air in the cooking chamber, and a metal foam installed at a periphery of the convection flow unit to collect and decompose cooking gas contained in the air in the cooking chamber.

Abstract: A dual-chambered beverage container assembly for separating two beverages includes a shell that defines an interior space. The shell has a top that is open. A wall is coupled to an inner surface of the shell and bisects the interior space from the top to a bottom of the shell to define a first and second chambers. A first beverage that is positioned in the first chamber is separated by the wall from a second beverage that is positioned in the second chamber. Each of a pair of tubes is coupled to a respective opposing side of the wall. A lower end of the tube is positioned proximate to a bottom of the shell and an upper end extends from the top of the shell. The tubes are configured to permit a user to simultaneously draw the first beverage and the second beverage into a mouth of the user.

Abstract: A resistance element includes a resistance coil having a first end and a second end opposite the first end. The resistance coil defines a plurality of first portions defining a first constant diameter and a plurality of second portions defining a second constant diameter smaller than the first diameter. At least one of the first portions and the second portions has a continuously variable pitch. The resistance coil may also further define two third portions, each third portion being disposed adjacent to a corresponding first or second end. The resistance element may be disposed between first and second conducting pins in a heater.

Abstract: A carbon heating element and a method for manufacturing a carbon heating element are provided. The carbon heating element may efficiently dissipate heat and prevent disconnection or destruction of a heating element to prolong a lifespan thereof without generating a spark and plasma under a high voltage. The carbon heating element may include carbon (C) and silicon carbide (SiC), and the carbon heating element may have a thermal conductivity of 1.6 W/m·K or more.

Abstract: An electric heating cloth having gaps and a connection structure thereof are disclosed. The electric heating cloth having gaps comprises plural conductive yarns arranged in a first direction and plural textile yarns and plural metal conductive wires arranged in a second direction for interweaving with the plural conductive yarns. The plural metal conductive wires are aligned at external sides of the plural textile yarns to form a first conductive side and a second conductive side respectively, and each of the first conductive side and the second conductive side has plural gaps.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a planar heating element and, more particularly, to planar heating using a multiple electrode system configured to uniformly generate heat by weaving using wires having different thicknesses and materials. In order to achieve the aforementioned objective, a planar heating element of the present invention comprises: a first wire part which is heated to generate heat when power is supplied and which is formed of a mesh structure having a regular size; a second wire part which generates heat when power is supplied and which is formed at a mesh size relatively larger than the mesh size of the first wire portion; and a module part for supplying power to the first wire part and the second wire part.

Abstract: A fusing apparatus includes a substrate having a first surface and a second surface, the second surface being opposite the first surface on the substrate, a first resistive trace and a second resistive trace, the first and second resistive traces being disposed adjacent each other along the first surface of the substrate in a length-wise direction thereof. A resistance of the first resistive trace is less than a resistance of the second resistive trace.

Abstract: A cooking system including a housing having a hollow interior and food being receivable within said hollow interior. A support body supports food within the hollow interior and a heating element is positioned to heat the hollow interior and the support body. A temperature sensor is operable to monitor a temperature of the support body. The temperature sensor is located remotely from said heating element.

Abstract: A cooking apparatus may include a housing having an open top surface and having a cooking space formed therein; a door provided on a top of the housing to open and close the cooking space; a container inserted into the housing, the container having an open top surface to receive food to be cooked therein; and a heating unit provided in the housing and contacting a bottom surface of the container to heat the container. The heating unit may include a heating unit body defining a support surface that supports the container; a heater provided in the heating unit body; and a rib that extends downward from the heating unit body to prevent water or foreign material from entering between the heating unit and a bottom of the housing.

Abstract: There is provided a cooling unit, comprising: an intake pipe provided for each of a plurality of zones and configured to supply a gas for cooling a reaction tube; a control valve provided in the intake pipe and configured to adjust a flow rate of the gas; a buffer part configured to temporarily store the gas supplied from the intake pipe; and openings provided so as to blow the gas stored in the buffer part toward the reaction tube, wherein the flow rate of the gas introduced into the intake pipe is set according to vertical length ratios of the zones such that the flow rate and a flow velocity of the gas injected from the openings toward the reaction tube are adjusted by opening and closing the control valve.

Abstract: The present invention generally describes apparatuses and methods used to perform an annealing process on desired regions of a substrate. In one embodiment, pulses of electromagnetic energy are delivered to a substrate using a flash lamp or laser apparatus. The pulses may be from about 1 nsec to about 10 msec long, and each pulse has less energy than that required to melt the substrate material. The interval between pulses is generally long enough to allow the energy imparted by each pulse to dissipate completely. Thus, each pulse completes a micro-anneal cycle. The pulses may be delivered to the entire substrate at once, or to portions of the substrate at a time. Further embodiments provide an apparatus for powering a radiation assembly, and apparatuses for detecting the effect of pulses on a substrate.

Abstract: A cooking system includes a housing having a hollow interior and food is receivable within said hollow interior. A heating element is associated with the housing and a support body supports food within the hollow interior. The support body includes a body having a plurality of diffuser ribs. A plurality of channels is formed between the plurality of diffuser rib and at least one of the plurality of diffuser ribs and the plurality of channels is operable to deflect a relatively downward flowing fluid relatively horizontally across said support body.

Abstract: A methodology and product or system configurations are provided which allow food to be directly irradiated for cooking applications which involve the impingement of direct radiant energy on food or comestible items. Cooking vessels or cook-packs are used that are optically transmissive in visible or infrared narrow wavelength bands emitted in suitable narrowband cooking or heating systems.

Abstract: A method, equation, system, and device for electrically heating Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) and other transparent conductive materials having a uniform sheet resistivity for defogging and de-icing in a cold environment. The use of nonparallel busbars for connecting the conductive materials reduces excessive and dangerous hot zones. The mathematical analysis and equations provide a means of precisely providing an intermittent electrical connection so that the Watt density and heating is uniform, allowing much higher temperature for de-icing and defogging and more efficient use of energy. This same concept can be used for three dimensional formed heaters to compensate for non uniform sheet resistivity. Also shown are a means of improved busbar designs and an equation and a means of altering sheet resistivity to produce electric heaters with non parallel busbars of various shapes for uniform heating and Watt density.

Abstract: A heater for vehicular sensors is configured to pass sensing energy and thereby permit placement of the heater directly over the sensing area in the path of the sensed energy. In this way, direct heating of the sensing area is provided minimizing the energy necessary to prevent icing and improving deicing speed.

Abstract: Various implementations include a vehicle component heating system that includes an electrode disposed within a sensing zone, and a processor. The electrode generates heat for a surface of a vehicle component within the sensing zone and senses proximity of an occupant to the sensing zone. The processor selects a heating percentage of a duty cycle for generating a heating signal, a sensing percentage of the duty cycle for generating and measuring a sensing signal and reporting the measured sensing signal, and an idle percentage of the duty cycle during which neither the heating nor the sensing signal is generated, wherein the sum of the heating, sensing, and idle percentages is 100%. The processor generates the heating signal and/or generates and measures the sensing signal and reports the measurement of the sensing signal based on the selected percentages.

Abstract: Provided is a metal nanowire heater and a method of fabricating the metal nanowire heater that includes providing a substrate; coating on the substrate a nanowire film containing metal nanowires that are laser-etchable; thermally joining portions of the metal nanowires to enhance connection between contact parts of the metal nanowires and provide an enhanced nanowire film by at least one unit cycle of supplying the ionic liquid onto the nanowire film and applying heat from outside to cause the ionic liquid to change its phase; and forming electrodes on the enhanced nanowire film to provide the metal nanowire heater.

Abstract: The present specification relates to an ink composition, a cured pattern prepared using an ink composition, a heating element including a cured pattern, and a method for manufacturing a heating element.