Abstract: An OLED structure includes a substantially flexible substrate, and at least one barrier layer disposed between the substrate and the OLED structure. The barrier layer substantially prevents contaminants from permeating a layer of organic material or the OLED structure. The barrier layer includes a glass layer that has certain components added or removed to improve its flexibility. The OLED structure may also include a substantially flexible substrate and at least one barrier layer disposed between the substrate and the OLED structure. The barrier layer includes a strain relief material. The strain relief material advantageously has at least one axis of orientation. Photonic or electronic components, or both could be substituted for the OLED.

Abstract: A spark plug is provided which ensures the reliability of a weld between a noble metal chip and a ground electrode as well as higher durability and ignitability of fuel. The ground electrode is joined to a metal shell, after which the noble metal chip is laser-welded to the ground electrode. The laser welding is achieved by emitting laser beams around an interface between the noble metal chip and the ground electrode outside a given angular range within which the metal shell will be an obstruction to the traveling of the laser beams. Specifically, the laser beams are emitted without any optical interference with the metal shell. This permits the angle between the orientation of each of the laser beams and the surface of the ground electrode to be minimized regardless of the metal shell, thus ensuring a desired depth of the fused portions in the noble metal chip.

Abstract: An AC powered light emitting device is provided. The device includes a plurality of organic light emitting diode (OLED) modules. The modules are arranged into groups of modules where the individual modules of the groups are electrically connected in series. The device may be powered using AC power. A display is also provided. The display includes a plurality of OLED modules arranged to spell out a letter or depict an image.

Abstract: An infrared heat lamp has a reflector body closed by a lens and having a source of infrared radiation positioned within the body. The lens has a plurality of lenticules formed thereon to provide substantially uniform radiant intensity within a 50° cone on a planar surface spaced from the lens, the radiant intensity varying as the inverse of (cos ?)2. In a preferred embodiment all of the lenticules have a parabolic shape.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for fabricating an envelope, which has a high freedom of process, is economical and allows an easy process management. The method aims to fabricate an envelope formed by sealing first and members, the envelope having a vacuum space therein, and basically comprises a step of baking the first and second members in vacuum in a first chamber, a carrying step of carrying the first and second members subjected to baking from the first chamber to a second chamber in an atmosphere in which an air having a predetermined dew point is maintained at a temperature exceeding such dew point, and a sealing step of sealing the first and second members in vacuum in the second chamber thereby forming the envelope. The method allows to economically provide an image display device and an image display apparatus of satisfactory display quality.

Abstract: An organic EL display panel includes a plurality of anodes (2) formed on a substrate (1), a plurality of auxiliary electrodes (3) held in electrical contact with the anodes (2), an anode separator (4) covering each auxiliary electrode (3) and a part of the anodes (2), a plurality of organic EL strips (5) formed to cover the anode separator (4), a plurality of cathodes (6) layered over the organic El strips (5) and extending to cross the anodes (2), and a plurality of cathode separators (7) separating among the cathodes (6) and extending to cross the anodes (2). Each of the auxiliary electrodes (3) is severed at a position where the auxiliary electrode crosses the cathode separators (7).

Abstract: The present invention provides an emissive flat panel display device which is capable of performing a gate operation at a relatively low voltage of several V to several tens V using gate electrodes. In the emissive flat panel display device which includes a back panel which is constituted of a back substrate on which cathode electrodes having electron sources formed of carbon nanotubes and gate electrodes are formed, a face panel which forms phosphors and anode electrodes thereon, and a sealing frame which seals the back panel and the face panel, the difference between an electric field strength Emax for allowing the electron sources to obtain the required maximum emission current density and an electric field strength Emin which becomes the minimum emission current density is set to 1V/?m or less, and preferably 0.5V/?m or less.

Abstract: An organic EL display equipped with an organic EL device with an organic material sandwiched by at least two electrodes, including: a light emitting layer which emits light; a front reflecting portion arranged on the side of a viewer with respect to the light emitting layer; and a rear reflecting portion arranged on the side opposite to the viewer with respect to the light emitting layer, wherein the optical film thickness of the organic material, intensity reflectance R1 at the front reflecting portion and intensity reflectance R2 at the front reflecting portion are adjusted so that the external light intensity reflectance of the display viewed from the viewer is 10% or less by an optical interference effect.

Abstract: A luminescent device for reducing unevenness of brightness. The luminescent device includes a transparent substrate, which has a light exit surface and an incident surface, and a luminescent element, which is formed on the incident surface of the transparent substrate. The luminescent element includes a transparent electrode formed on the incident surface of the transparent substrate, an auxiliary electrode formed on a part of the transparent electrode, and a thin-film layer, which is formed on the transparent electrode, for emitting light. The transparent substrate includes a projection formed on the light exit surface.

Abstract: Fine particles of a phosphor are weighed, mixed, and filled. Provided after this step are at least one step of firing the particles in a reducing atmosphere, and a step of pulverizing, dispersing, rinsing, drying and then performing oxygen ion implantation treatment for implanting oxygen ions and annealing the particles, after the step of treatment in the reducing atmosphere. This method recovers oxygen vacancy in the host crystal of the phosphor.

Abstract: A ground electrode for a spark plug has a through hole located adjacent a firing end of the electrode, with a precious metal firing tip extending through the hole. The firing tip is compressed axially to define a bulging portion extending radially outwardly from its longitudinal axis to mechanically retain the firing tip within the through hole. The firing tip additionally has an enlarged head or otherwise expanded portion at each axial end of the tip to provide a second mechanical interlock of the tip to the ground electrode. The firing tip can then also be welded to further strengthen its connection to the ground electrode. A method of manufacturing the ground electrode and a spark plug containing the ground electrode is also disclosed.

Abstract: A metal halide lamp comprising a substantially cylindrical discharge vessel having an internal diameter Di<2.0 mm and filled with an ionizable filling, wherein two electrodes are present at a mutual distance EA for maintaining a discharge in the discharge vessel, wherein the filling comprises an inert gas, such as Xe, having a pressure at room temperature between 5 and 25 bar, and an ionizable salt, characterized in that said ionizable salt is selected from the group comprising PrI3, NdI3 and LuI3.

Abstract: A method of making an organic light emitting device (OLED) is disclosed wherein an inert insulating conformal smoothing layer is deposited over a protruding structure. The smoothing layer is patterned to expose portions of the structure underlying the smoothing layer and defining active regions of the device. The inert smoothing layer is treated, preferably by heat reflow, to taper the layer over the stepped edges of the structure on the exposed portions. Additional layers are then deposited over the smoothing layer and the exposed portions of the structure. The smoothing layer blunts all underlying layer edges and provides sloped edges wherever a step occurs from one layer to another. This effect results in a homogeneous field across the pixel and the continuity in the layers deposited after the photoresist layer.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for photodynamic therapy or photodynamic diagnosis using an illuminator comprising a plurality of light sources generally conforming to a contoured surface and irradiating the contoured surface with substantially uniform intensity visible light. The light sources may comprise generally U-shaped fluorescent tubes that are driven by electronic ballasts. Adjustment of the ballast voltage controls the output power of the tubes. The tubes are supported by a sheet-metal or plastic housing and are covered by a polycarbonate shield which directs cooling airflow within the unit and prevents glass-patient contact in the event of tube breakage. An aluminum reflector located behind the tubes increases both the output irradiance and the uniformity of the output distribution. The spacing of the U-shaped tubes is varied to increase the output at the edges of the illuminator to make the output more uniform. Also, different portions of the tubes are cooled at different amounts, to improve uniformity.

Abstract: An active matrix electroluminescence display device and a method for fabricating the same, whereby damage caused by UV light rays during the fabrication process can be prevented, are disclosed. The active matrix electroluminescence display device includes a plurality of transistors formed on a substrate having an emissive area and a non-emissive area defined thereon, an insulating layer formed on the substrate and the thin film transistors, a metallic protective layer formed on the insulating layer of the non-emissive area, a first electrode formed on the insulating layer of the emissive area, an electroluminous layer formed on the first electrode, and a second electrode formed on the electroluminous layer.

Abstract: A plasma display panel includes a first substrate and a second substrate opposing one another with a predetermined gap therebetween. Address electrodes are formed on the first substrate. Also, barrier ribs are mounted in the gap between the first substrate and the second substrate, and define discharge cells in a predetermined display region of the first and second substrates. Phosphor layers are formed in the discharge cells. Further, scanning electrodes and display electrodes are formed on the second substrate. The scanning electrodes and the display electrodes each have a pitch in the display region that is identical to a pitch in terminal regions, which are formed to the outside of the display region.

Abstract: An organic light emitting diode (OLED) display includes a substrate defined with a plurality of pixel areas, a heating circuit structure disposed on the substrate, and a plurality of OLEDs corresponding to each pixel area. The heating circuit structure includes two conductive lines not connected to each other, a plurality of heating lines electrically connected to the two conductive lines and covering portions of each pixel areas, and a ground electrode.

Abstract: An organic EL light emitting device and a color conversion filter are placed in an environment in which concentrations of water and oxygen are controlled. A peripheral sealing agent with a ring shape is applied around the color conversion filter, and a filler material is applied over the color conversion filter and inside the peripheral sealing agent. The organic EL light emitting device and the color conversion filter are transferred into a vacuum chamber, which is then evacuated. The organic EL light emitting device and the color conversion filter are preliminarily aligned and then bonded to obtain an aggregate. The aggregate is removed to an environment in which concentrations of water and oxygen are controlled and pressure is at atmospheric pressure, and irradiated with ultraviolet radiation to cure the peripheral sealing agent. The method reduces manufacturing costs and prevents inclusion of water in the internal space.

Abstract: A cathode with an improved work function, for use in a lithographic system, such as the SCALPEL™ system, which includes a buffer between a substrate and an emissive layer, where the buffer alters, randomizes, miniaturizes, and/or isolates the grain structure at a surface of the substrate to reduce the grain size, randomize crystal orientation and reduce the rate of crystal growth. The buffer layer may be a solid solution or a multiphase alloy. A method of making the cathode by depositing a buffer between a surface of the substrate and an emissive layer, where the deposited buffer alters, randomizes, miniaturizes, and/or isolates the grain structure at a surface of the substrate to reduce the grain size, randomize crystal orientation and reduce the rate of crystal growth.

Abstract: An OLED device includes at least one light emitting layer arranged to produce light in a predetermined emitting area, a reflector and a semi-transparent reflector forming a microcavity structure for resonating the light produced in the at least one light emitting layer, and a color filter element disposed relative to a first portion of the predetermined emitting area so as to filter the light produced by the at least one light emitting layer and transmit substantially unfiltered light through a second portion of the predetermined emitting area.