Abstract: According to the invention, an insulating or semi-insulating barrier layer which has a thickness where a tunnel current can flow through is provided between a hole injection electrode and an organic compound layer with hole transport characteristics (a hole injection layer or a hole transport layer). Specifically, a thin insulating or semi-insulating barrier layer which contains silicon or silicon oxide; silicon or silicon oxide and a light transmitting conductive oxide material; or silicon or silicon oxide, a light transmitting conductive oxide material, and carbon may be provided between a light transmitting conductive oxide film formed of a light transmitting conductive oxide material, such as ITO and a hole injection layer containing an organic compound.

Abstract: A method for producing a spark plug, the spark plug including: a center electrode; an insulator which holds the center electrode therein in a state where a tip end portion of the center electrode protrudes therefrom; a metal shell which holds the insulator therein; a ground electrode which is fixed to the metal shell, the ground electrode having an inner side face having a width that is smaller as it advances toward a tip end side, in a portion of the inner side face positioned between a pair of tapered faces; and a discharge portion which is bonded to the inner side face of the ground electrode by laser welding so as to attain a diameter of 0.8 mm or less and a height of 0.5 mm or more, a discharge gap being formed between the discharge portion and the tip end portion of said center electrode, the method including: forming the tapered faces before the discharge portion is laser-welded to the inner side face.

Abstract: A field emission backlight unit for a liquid crystal display (LCD) includes: a lower substrate; first electrodes and second electrodes alternately formed in parallel lines on the lower substrate; emitters disposed on at least the first electrodes; an upper substrate spaced apart from the lower substrate by a predetermined distance such that the upper and lower substrates face each other; a third electrode formed on a bottom surface of the upper substrate; and a fluorescent layer formed on the third electrode. Since the backlight unit has a triode-type field emission structure, field emission is very stable. Since the first electrodes and the second electrodes are formed in the same plane, brightness uniformity is improved and manufacturing processes are simplified.

Abstract: Disclosed is a flat panel display device for preventing a grid electrode from causing alignment error and being distorted due to thermal expansion and contraction. The grid electrode includes a mask portion with apertures through which electrons may pass, and fixtures arranged external to the mask portion with a predetermined margin for allowing thermal expansion and contraction of the mask portion. The fixtures are arranged symmetrical to each other up and down as well as left and right. The fixtures fix the mask portion such that the expansion and the extraction of the mask portion proceed opposite to one another.

Abstract: A method of forming microstructures on a substrate is disclosed. A microstructured assembly that may be used in the method for forming microstructures on a substrate is also disclosed. The methods and assemblies of the present disclosure can reduce the amount of air entrapped in barrier ribs formed on substrates used in Plasma Display devices.

Abstract: An organic electroluminescent display device may have a dummy pattern that can induce a charge difference between interconnection lines and thus prevent a short circuit between the interconnection lines resulting from the charge difference. The organic electroluminescent display device may include a substrate and a plurality of metal lines arranged in a vertical direction and in a transverse direction on the substrate, as well as a dummy pattern formed between adjacent metal lines.

Abstract: A gas discharge tube 10 of the present invention generates an electric discharge between an anode part 24 and a cathode part 52 disposed inside a sealed container 12 in which gas has been sealed. The gas discharge tube 10 includes an electric discharge path restricting part 28 which is cylindrical and disposed between the anode part and the cathode part, and which has a throughhole 46 for narrowing an electric discharge path between the anode part and the cathode part; and a supporting part 30 which supports the electric discharge path restricting part and which is electric insulating. The electric discharge path restricting part is provided at its tip portion with a projecting part 44 which is cylindrical and projects toward the cathode part side. Letting the outer diameter and height of the projecting part 44 be “D” and “H,” respectively, then D/H is in the range of 0.5 to 2.0. With this structure, it is possible to generate an intense electric field in the vicinity of the tip of the projecting part.

Abstract: Disclosed is a flat panel display capable of enhancing a white balance by making a doping concentration or shape and size of drain offset regions of driving transistors different, in R, G and B unit pixels of each pixel. A flat panel display, comprises a plurality of pixels, where each of pixels including R, G and B unit pixels to embody red (R), green (G) and blue (B) colors, respectively. Each of the unit pixels includes a transistor with source/drain regions. Transistors of at least two unit pixels of the R, G and B unit pixels have drain regions of different geometric structures. In each unit pixel, a resistance value of the drain region of the transistor to drive a light-emitting device having the highest luminous efficiency among the transistors is higher than that of the drain region of a transistor to drive the light-emitting device having a relatively low luminous efficiency.

Abstract: A display device includes a face substrate which has anodes and phosphors on an inner surface thereof, a back substrate which has cathode lines and electron sources formed on the cathode lines, a support body which is interposed between both substrates such that the support body surrounds a display region and forms a given inner space, and a sealing material which hermetically seals the support body and both substrates. To enable the display device to produce a high quality display and have a long lifetime while ensuring the conduction in a wide range between the cathode lines and the electron sources, the cathode lines are made of a material having a conductor and an insulator, and the composition of a connecting portion between the cathode line and the electron source is formed such that the conductor occupancy rate becomes equal to or more than the insulator occupancy rate.

Abstract: A plasma display device is provided in which deterioration in brightness of phosphor layers can be avoided. The plasma display device includes a plasma display panel in which a plurality of discharge cells in one color or in a plurality of colors are arranged and phosphor layers are arranged so as to correspond to the discharge cells in colors and in which light is emitted by exciting the phosphor layers with ultraviolet rays. The phosphor layers include blue phosphor, the blue phosphor being composed of an alkaline-earth metal aluminate phosphor containing at least one element selected from the group consisting of Mo and W. The addition of hexavalent ions (Mo, W) in the blue phosphor allows the elimination of oxygen defects in the vicinity of a layer containing Ba atoms (Ba—O layer), the suppression of adsorption of water to the surface of the blue phosphor and the improvement of deterioration in brightness and a change in chromaticity for the respective phosphors and discharge characteristics.

Abstract: An organic electroluminescence device with a low reflectivity includes organic electroluminescence layers, a transparent electrode, a thin metal electrode, a control layer, and an auxiliary electrode. The transparent electrode and the thin metal electrode are sited on both sides of the OEL layer, respectively, in order to excite it to emit light. The auxiliary electrode and the thin metal electrode are mostly separated by a control layer. Both the auxiliary electrode and the thin metal electrode are locally connected to maintain electrically connected. Therefore, the control layer is not necessarily conductive and its material selection is not restricted by the requirement of work function matching with adjacent layers. The disclosed OLED device with a low reflectivity does not require a circular polarizer. It can be used for both active-matrix and passive-matrix OLED displays. The reflection of ambient light can be largely reduced to increase the contrast of the display panel.

Abstract: A Plasma Display Panel (PDP) which enables optimization of a process to apply phosphor paste in order to achieve mass production using a nozzle jet method includes dummy areas structured in such a manner to determine whether or not applying conditions such as an ejecting pressure or the like are stable by measuring a depth of the applied layer after applying phosphor paste at a portion thereof in advance. The PDP includes: a first substrate and a second substrate opposing each other; address electrodes arranged on the first substrate; display electrodes arranged on the second substrate along a direction perpendicular to the address electrodes; barrier ribs arranged in a space between the first substrate and the second substrate to define a plurality of discharge cells, and phosphor layers arranged in each of the discharge cells.

Abstract: A fluorescent lamp includes: a bulb including bent and straight-tube portions having an external tube diameter of 12 to 20 mm and a tube length of 800 to 2500 mm. The straight portions are disposed generally within the same plane through the bent portions. A pair of end portions with electrodes sealed therein form a single discharge path through the straight tube and bent portions. A phosphor layer is formed on the inner face of the bulb, and a discharge medium including mercury is sealed in the bulb. Thermal deterioration of the phosphor layer formed at the straight tube portions is reduced so deterioration of the initial light flux is suppressed, allowing lighting at higher efficiency. With the above configuration, a fluorescent lamp is compact and capable of light with high efficiency, and with improved light output properties. A light fixture uses this fluorescent lamp.

Abstract: A light-emitting display device the same includes an insulating substrate having a thin film transistor formed thereon. The thin film transistor includes a source electrode and/or a drain electrode. A passivation layer is formed on the insulating substrate over at least a portion of the thin film transistor, and has a via hole formed therein, which electrically contacts either the source electrode or the drain electrode. A pixel electrode is formed in the via hole. A light-blocking layer is formed over an entire upper surface of the passivation layer except for an area corresponding to the pixel electrode. A planarization layer is formed on an upper surface of the light-blocking layer except for an area corresponding to the pixel electrode.

Abstract: A plasma display apparatus includes a heat radiation sheet that is easily attached and separated to and from a plasma display panel, has strengthened adherence with the plasma display panel and a chassis base, and does not generate a residual image. The plasma display apparatus includes a heat radiation sheet between a plasma display panel and a chassis base, and the heat radiation sheet is divided into two or more sheets, where the gap between the sheets is small enough so that a visible residual image does not appear.

Abstract: A spark plug includes a metal shell, an insulator, a center electrode, a ground electrode, a first noble metal chip, and a second noble metal chip. The metal shell has a threaded portion with an outer diameter of equal to or less than 14 mm for installing the spark plug to an internal combustion engine. The parameters in the structure of the spark plug, such as an end surface area S of the first noble metal chip, a length A of the first noble metal chip, an end surface area Q of the second noble metal chip, a length B of the second noble metal chip, an air pocket size L, a space G of a spark gap, a ratio L/G, and a thickness T of the insulator, have suitable dimensional ranges determined through experimental investigation. The structure ensures high performance and a long service life for the spark plug.

Abstract: Provided is a display apparatus which can easily bond a drive panel (10) and a sealing panel (20) together. The drive panel (10) includes organic electroluminescence devices (10R), (10G) and (10B) on a substrate for drive (11) and extracts light from the side of the organic electroluminescence devices (10R), (10G) and (10B). The sealing panel (20) includes a color filter (22) on a substrate for sealing (21). The drive panel (10) and the sealing panel (20) are disposed to face each other, and the whole facing surfaces of the drive panel (10) and the sealing panel (20) are bonded together with an adhesive layer (30). The adhesive layer (30) is cured with at least heat, and is made of only one coating liquid or a combination of two or more coating liquids for curing. A temporary fixing portion (30A) is formed in an edge portion of the adhesive layer (30).

Abstract: The invention relates to a high-pressure discharge lamp with a discharge vessel having a filling comprising—a rare gas, for example argon, —mercury, and —chlorine, wherein the filling quantities of mercury [Hg] and chlorine [Cl] comply with the following conditions: —[Hg](E[Cl]3 200 (?mole/cm3)2, —[Cl] £ 10 ?mole/cm3. The condition [Hg](E[Cl]3 200 (?mole/cm3)2 achieves HgCl vapor pressures in the discharge sufficient for generating significant radiation components of the B2S+-X2S+ band system of this molecule. The condition [Cl] £ 10 ?mole/cm3 serves to limit the chemical aggressiveness of the chlorine filling, in particular to limit the attacks on the wall and electrodes and thus to achieve longer lamp lives. The addition of chlorine-binding metals, in particular of germanium, leads to a further improvement in the radiation and life properties of the lamp.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a display device capable of maintaining a cell gap constant is provided. The method includes forming a plurality of columnar spacers on a substrate on which a plurality of pixel electrodes are formed; forming a coating material film with a flat upper surface on the substrate so that heads of the columnar spacers protrude from the flat upper surface of the film of the coating material; and polishing the protruded heads of the columnar spacers using the flat upper surface of the coating material as a reference surface until the top faces of the columnar spacers are flush with the flat upper surface of the film of the coating material.

Abstract: An arc tube for a discharge lamp has a closed chamber filled with rare gas and a metal halide containing at least Na halide or Sc halide, and electrodes, wherein sealing pressure of the rare gas is 0.6 MPa or more, and a sealing density of the Sc halide in the closed chamber is ranging from 1.25 to 4.70 mg/ml. In the arc tube, since the Xe gas sealing pressure slightly higher than 0.6 MPa, the pressure in the closed chamber is increased during its lightening state. Thus, reactions leading to a flicker occurrence may be accelerated. However, the flicker occurrence can be suppressed by setting the Sc halide sealing density to 4.70 mg/ml or less. Further, a luminous efficiency required for the lamp can be assured by setting the Sc halide sealing density to 1.25 mg/ml or more.