Abstract: A hand-held instrument for reading a bar code symbol, and analyzing the print quality of the code upon manually scanning the code has a graphic display. The display is driven by a computer which has memory (a block in RAM) in which a multiplicity of data samples representing the reflectance profile of the bar code pattern are entered at a constant rate. The print quality analysis is based upon these samples. The number (count) of these samples represents the duration of the elements (bars and spaces) constituting the code. When the number of samples in successive, adjacent characters (groups of elements, a string of which represents a valid code) differs by 25%, the display is driven to prompt the operator to scan the code again, but more evenly without jerky motion (accelerations or decelerations). When the capacity of the memory block allocated to the scan profile data samples is exceeded, the operator is prompted by the display to scan faster.

Abstract: A method and apparatus performs detection of an edge and detection of holes or other data patterns on a tape or other magnetic or optical medium. An array of photodetectors in an integrated circuit chip senses the intensity of light illuminating the chip with the tape running between a light source and the photodetectors. The holes or the other data patterns are sensed on the tape based on a comparison between detected light intensities with a programmable reference level. In addition, areas which may normally be sensed as a hole are discarded if these areas fall within a specified tolerance.

Abstract: Night vision apparatus, particularly night vision goggles, having a wide field of view. The apparatus includes an objective optical system having a selected field of view for collecting visible and/or infrared light from an object to be viewed and for providing an input image of the object; image intensifying and magnifying means for receiving the input image and for providing a visible, intensified and magnified output image of the input image, and an eyepiece optical system for receiving the visible, intensified and magnified output image and for presenting a visible intensified image of the object to an eye of a user at unity magnification. The image intensifying and magnifying means preferably comprises an image intensifier tube having a fiber optic bundle beam expander therein. The image intensifying and magnifying means permits the eyepiece optical system to have a longer focal length and, hence, to provide greater eye relief than would otherwise be possible.

Abstract: A lithography apparatus is provided with an SXM base, which has a plurality of cantilevers movably supporting probes at their free ends, respectively. The SXM base is secured to a mirror base by a support arm via inchworm devices, such that it faces a silicon wafer placed on a wafer stage. The silicon wafer has an alignment pattern formed thereon, while the SXM base has a reference alignment pattern formed thereon which is similar to the alignment pattern. A voltage is applied to the probes at a predetermined point of time under the control of a controller while a gas containing a film-forming material is being supplied onto the wafer, whereby the film-forming material is adsorbed in a desired portion of the surface of the wafer.

Abstract: A wireless input device for computer comprises a pen-type input device having a source of light capable of transmitting pulses. The wireless input device further comprises an input device body including two angle detecting section, each having a light receiving element constructed so that it is rotated to the direction of the incident angle of incident light when the incident light from the source of light is detected, and a calculating section for calculating the position of the pen-type input device from the two incident angles detected by the two angle detecting sections.

Abstract: An apparatus for assembling components of a color optical scanner subassembly which includes a first filter member, a second filter member and a photosensor unit. The apparatus includes an imaging means for impinging an imaging light beam from a line object onto the first and second filter assemblies for producing spatially separated color component images of the line object on the photosensor unit. The apparatus also includes a physical adjustment assembly for holding and selectively adjusting the relative position of the first filter member, the second filter member and the photosensor unit in response to data signals generated by the photosensor unit. This positioning accurately locates the filter members relative to the photosensor unit for optimizing performance of the color optical scanner.

Abstract: A barcode identification system is shown that includes a user operable personal computer for creating print jobs. The personal computer is coupled to a number of printers for printing the data for a job in a selected format on a record member such as a tag, label or the like. The system employs modular software. During the initialization of each of the software modules, the system determines whether the module includes a key identification that matches a system key and if not, the operation of the software module is limited to a demonstration mode if that mode is allowable. A data entry routine aids the user entering valid data for a selected format. In response to a print command, the data entered by the user is combined with the selected format to form a job. The job is then sent to a spooler which distributes the job to one of the barcode printers of the system.

Abstract: A narrow gap or unevenness of a surface of a specimen is measured by utilizing the tunnel effect of a light wave reflected at a boundary plane on the condition of total reflection. A laser beam emitted from a laser source is reflected at a surface of a prism on the condition of total reflection in terms of geometrical optics. If a gap between the surface of the prism and the specimen is about the wavelength of the laser beam, part of the laser beam is transmitted into the specimen, and the intensity of the transmitted beam depends on the gap width. A portion of the laser beam is reflected at the boundary plane back into the prism. Therefore, the gap can be measured by measuring the transmittance of the laser beam and comparing the same with the calculated relation between the transmittance and the gap calculated in advance.

Abstract: A reflected light sensor having a light transmitter including at least two mutually independent light sources and a light receiver including at least two separately evaluatable photosensitive elements. A switching point or distance limit of the light sensor can be continuously varied within a defined sensing range by inversely and continuously controlling currents of the light sources in accordance with a control voltage U.sub.St,LED, or by continuously varying a first and a second independent control voltage thereby controlling gains of signals at the output of the photosensitive elements.

Abstract: A sensor system for recording the ambient conditions of an optical sensor having a transmitter unit and a receiver unit linked by an optical gap. An electronic sensor unit is provided that predetermines a basic setting of the optical sensor independent of the ambient conditions. The electronic sensor unit contains a signal processing section with comparators for comparing a reception signal of the optical sensor with threshold values corresponding to certain ambient conditions. The electronic sensor unit recognizes and evaluates changes in the ambient conditions as a function of the comparing, and restores the basic setting of the optical sensor such that the sensor system dependably reacts to subsequent changes in the ambient conditions.

Abstract: A counter for counting objects in a stack employs a beam moved by a scan carriage along an edge of the stack. A detector on the carriage determines the position of the portion of the beam reflected by the stack and determines, by optical triangulation techniques, the distance between the source of the beam and the edge of the stack. The resulting signal is used to recognize the presence of objects in the stack and to count them on the basis of this recognition.

Abstract: An image scanner includes a reflecting plate which is turnable to selectively receive reflected light from an object to be scanned which may be positioned at two different locations. An object at one location can be scanned with one resolution while another object can be scanned at another location with different resolution. The two locations may be spaced at different distances from the reflecting plate to permit accommodation of a wide variety of scanned objects.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for the non-invasive sensing of the pressure within a pipe (or other vessel) is disclosed. An optical source produces a first light beam. This first light beam is split between a first (reference) and a second (measurement) optical fiber. The second optical fiber is associated with the pipe such that circumferential displacements in the pipe, due to changes in internal pressure, result in corresponding displacements in the length of the second optical fiber. Length changes in the optical fibers result in variations in the phase of the light emerging therefrom. The phase difference between the light beams emitted from the first and second optical fibers is then determined and related to changes in the internal pressure of the pipe.

Abstract: A detecting device for detecting the position of a rotatable image bearing member which is provided in an image forming apparatus. The detecting device has a reference member provided in the image bearing member and a sensor for detecting the reference member. The position of the rotating image bearing member is detected by this detecting device. Further, by this detecting device, the image forming apparatus is able to detect that the image bearing member is slipped in a direction perpendicularly to the image bearing member rotation direction.

Abstract: An interlock system for a machine cover including an optical sensor providing a cover open signal, a housing secured to the cover and defining a hollow cavity communicating with the optical path with the cover closed, a reflector fixed to one end of the cavity to reflect light to the sensor with the cover closed, a wall forming part of the housing and disposed in an interference relationship with the optical path for blocking light with the cover open, the length of the optical path with the cover open being less than the length of the optical path with the cover closed, and circuitry to trigger the optical sensor to provide light pulses at a predetermined frequency.

Abstract: In a media transporter which positions media, a method and apparatus is provided for positioning the media for accurate alignment. The method includes the steps of sensing a spatial pattern of densities in the media along a scanned strip, saving the spatial pattern of densities during the initial pass to create a path map from the start position to an end point, comparing subsequently sensed spatial patterns of densities to the path map, and following the path map to repeatedly and accurately position the media at any point along the scanned path. The spatial pattern of densities in the media is sensed by shining a light through the media and sensing the transmitted light intensity.

Abstract: Disclosed is an optically activated microwave switch (10) which includes a field-effect transistor (12) that is switched between conducting and nonconducting states by a photodiode (14) that is connected between the field-effect transistor gate and drain electrode and a photodiode (16) that is connected between the field-effect transistor gate and source electrode. The circuit is configured and arranged for switching unbiased sinusoidal microwave signals of a frequency as high as approximately 10 gigahertz. A cascade arrangement of switches (10) provides increased signal handling capability in situations in which a single switch cannot be employed. Monolithic integrated circuit realizations of both single stage and cascaded stage arrangements are disclosed in which the semiconductor substrate is GaAs, the field-effect transistors are metal-semiconductor field-effect transistors and the photodiodes are interdigitated metal-semiconductor-metal devices.

Abstract: A synapse matrix and a device for optical programming are contained integrated in thin-film technology in a common substrate (1). The synapses consist of photoelectric elements. The device for optical programming consists, for example, of a liquid crystal screen or an arrangement of electroluminescent diodes. It is within the scope of the invention that neurons in thin-film technology, contained in the neuron network, are also integrated on the substrate. The neuron network can be used especially for pattern recognition.

Abstract: An image scanner includes a light source which illuminates a document being scanned, a reflex mirror set receiving a first light signal which results from light rays that are reflected by the document and a lens barrel which has an imaging lens arranged therein and which receives the first light signal from the reflex mirror set. A flexible optical transmission element has an input end provided in close proximity with the light source so as to receive a second light signal therefrom. A line image sensor is disposed adjacent to the lens barrel and receives the first light signal from the reflex mirror set and the second light signal from the optical transmission element. The line image sensor generates an image scan signal which corresponds to the first light signal and a brightness reference signal which corresponds to the second light signal. A signal compensation circuit receives the image scan signal and the brightness reference signal from the line image sensor.

Abstract: An imaging system having a focus detecting device performs focus detection by detecting an output signal indicative of intensity distribution of light derived from a light-receiving element, in which at least one holographic optical element is arranged on the object side of a primary imaging plane to form an image on the light-receiving element. Thus, the imaging system has significant advantages in practical use that the arrangement is simple and the camera body is made compact.