Abstract: Described herein is a novel three domain gene from Schizochytrium, denoted carotene synthase, that encodes a protein with three different enzymatic activities: phytoene dehydrogenase (PD), phytoene synthase (PS), and lycopene cyclase (LC). Also described is the isolated gene encoding the carotene synthase, homologues thereof, the enzyme encoded by such gene, biologically active portions and homologues thereof, recombinant nucleic acid molecules, microorganisms and plants that have been genetically modified to increase or decrease the action of such gene, and methods of producing carotenoids and derivatives thereof or methods of producing microorganisms and lipid products lacking pigmentation using the knowledge of the carotene synthase described herein.

Abstract: The present invention provides a protein having ?1,3-galactosyltransferase activity, a DNA encoding the protein, a transformant comprising the DNA, a process for producing the protein using the transformant, and a process for producing a galactose-containing complex carbohydrate using the transformant.

Abstract: A method for the production of aryl-carotenoids is provided through bioconversion of cyclic carotenoids having at least one ?-ionone ring. Expression of a heterologous gene encoding a carotene desaturase (crtU) enzyme in a host cell that produces a suitable cyclic carotenoid substrate effect the production of aryl carotenoids.

Abstract: Loline alkaloids (LA), which are 1-aminopyrrolizidines with an oxygen bridge, are produced by Epichloë (anamorph=Neotyphodium) species, endophytes of grasses. LA are insecticidal, thus helping protect host plants from insect herbivory. Suppression subtractive hybridization PCR was used to isolate transcripts up-regulated during loline alkaloid production in cultures of Neotyphodium uncinatum. Subtracted cDNAs were cloned, and a ?-phage cDNA library from an LA-expressing N. uncinatum culture was screened with subtracted cDNA. In BLAST searches, several cDNAs identified had sequence similarities to aspartate kinases, and another with O-acetylhomoserine-(thiol)lyase. Differential expression of these two genes in LA-producing cultures of N. uncinatum was confirmed, and in a survey of 23 isolates from 21 Neotyphodium and Epichloë species these two genes strictly correlated with LA production. Two nucleic acid molecules encoding two loline alkaloid gene clusters have been identified.

Abstract: A gene containing a DNA having the nucleotide sequence encoding any one of the amino acid sequences of the following (a) to (e): (a) an amino acid sequence set out in SEQ ID NO: 1; (b) an amino acid sequence having the sequence homology of 80% or more with (a); (c) an amino acid sequence having the sequence homology of 90% or more with (a); (d) an amino acid sequence encoded by a DNA having the nucleotide sequence set out in SEQ ID NO: 2; (e) an amino acid sequence encoded by a DNA having the nucleotide sequence having the sequence homology of 80% or more with (d).

Abstract: Genes encoding bacterial oxygen binding proteins are provided. Recombinant expression of at least one of the present bacterial hemoglobin genes increased the growth characteristics and/or carotenoid production levels in microbial host cells grown under microaerobic conditions.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods for detecting activation of ATM kinase, DNA damage, and DNA damaging agents. Further provided are antibodies which specifically recognize the phosphorylation state of Ataxia Telangiectasia-Mutated (ATM) kinase. Methods of identifying agents which modulate the activation and activity of ATM kinase are also provided.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a modified enzyme with lipolytic activity, a lipolytic enzyme capable of removing a substantial amount of fatty matter during a one cycle wash, a DNA sequence encoding said enzymes, a vector comprising said DNA sequence, a host cell harbouring said DNA sequence or said vector, and a process for producing said enzymes with lipolytic activity.

Abstract: The invention relates to the isolation, sequencing, and recombinant expression of genes encoding either a nitrile hydratase (NHase) or amidase (Am) from Comamonas testosteroni 5-MGAM-4D, where the NHase is useful for catalyzing the hydration of nitriles to the corresponding amides, and the amidase is useful for hydrolysis of amides to the corresponding carboxylic acids. Also provided are transformed host cells containing polynucleotides for expressing the nitrile hydratase or amidase enzymes from Comamonas testosteroni 5-MGAM-4D.

Abstract: The present invention provides a protein having saponin-decomposing activity, more specifically a protein which can decompose a glycoside having soyasapogenol B as an aglycone to produce soyasapogenol B, a polynucleotide encoding such a protein, and a method of producing soyasapogenol B on a large scale using the same. A protein according to the present invention are concerned with (a), (b) or (c), namely (a) a protein comprising an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of the amino acid sequences shown in SEQ ID NOs: 2, 4, and 6; (b) a protein that has at least 50% homology to the protein comprising the amino acid sequence of the sequence described in (a) and having saponin-decomposing activity; or (c) a protein comprising a modified amino acid sequence of the sequence described in (a) that has one or more amino acid residues deleted, substituted, inserted, or added and having saponin-decomposing activity.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an enzyme exhibiting endo-beta-1,4-glucanase activity (EC 3.2.1.4), which is a) a polypeptide encoded by the DNA sequence of positions 1 to 2322 of SEQ ID NO: 1; b) a polypeptide produced by culturing a cell comprising the sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 under conditions wherein the DNA sequence is expressed; c) an endo-beta-1,4-glucanase enzyme having a sequence of at least 97% identity to the amino acid sequence of position 1 to position 773 of SEQ ID NO: 2; and fragments thereof exhibiting endo-beta-1,4-glucanase activity, and d) a polypeptide having endo-beta-1,4-glucanase activity that is encoded by a polynucleotide that hybridizes with the nucleotide sequence shown in positions 1–2322 of SEQ ID NO: 1, is useful for detergent and textile applications.

Abstract: A method for the in vivo bioconversion of cyclic carotenes having a ?-ionone ring to the corresponding aryl carotene is provided. Gram negative host cells expressing a heterologous, codon-optimized gene encoding a carotene desaturase are grown in the presence of a suitable cyclic carotene substrate to effect the production of aromatic carotenoids.

Abstract: A novel gluconate dehydratase derived from Achromobacter xylosoxidans and a gene encoding the gluconate dehydratase are provided. By reacting the gluconate dehydratase or a transformed cell containing the gene with an aldonic acid, the corresponding 2-keto-3-deoxyaldonic acid can be efficiently produced.

Abstract: The present invention relates to screening methods that make use of Myosin Phosphatase-Rho interacting Protein (M-RIP) for the identification of novel therapeutics for hypertension and hypertensive conditions. Also disclosed are methods for treating or preventing hypertension or hypertensive conditions by administering to a mammal a therapeutically effective amount of an agent that reduces the level or activity of M-RIP. According to this invention, the agent decreases contractile and increases relaxant effects of smooth muscle cells, ultimately decreasing the systemic blood pressure of a mammal. For example, the agent may reduce binding of M-RIP to myosin phosphatase, RhoA, or both.

Abstract: The invention provides apoptosis signaling kinase related kinase (ASKRK) nucleic acid and polypeptide sequences and methods of using such sequences to identify modulators of ASKRK. Such modulators can be used for the treatment of diabetes or for delaying the onset of diabetes. The invention also provides methods of diagnosing diabetes or pre-diabetes and methods of making a prognosis based on the detection of ASKRK nucleic acids and proteins.

Abstract: The invention is based on the discovery of methods for purification of an acid active hyaluronidase found in human plasma (hpHAse), including both biochemical and immunoaffinity purification methods. The method of immunoaffinity purification of the invention is based on the discovery of a method for identifying antibodies that specifically bind native hpHAse (anti-native hpHAse antibodies), and anti-native hpHAse antibodies identified by this screening method. The invention also features an assay for sensitive detection of HAse activity using biotinylated hyaluronic acid (bHA). Purification and characterization of hpHAse lead to the inventors' additional discovery that hpHAse is encoded by the LuCa-1 gene, which gene is present in the human chromosome at 3p21.3, a region associated with tumor suppression. The invention additionally features methods of treating tumor-bearing patients by administration of hpHAse and/or transformation of cells with hpHAse-encoding DNA.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods to engineer microorganisms for the production of C30-aldehyde carotenoids. Specifically, various combinations of crtM, sqs, crtN and crtN2 genes from Staphylococcus aureus and Methylomonas sp. 16a can be co-expressed in transformant hosts, leading to the production of diaponeurosporene monoaldehyde, diapocarotene monoaldehyde, and/or diapocarotene dialdehyde. In a preferred embodiment, the genetically engineered pathway is introduced into a strain of Escherichia coli that has been engineered for the expression of carotenoids, and the C30-carotenoid product is diapocarotene dialdehyde.

Abstract: The invention relates to metRS polypeptides and polynucleotides and methods for producing such polypeptides by recombinant techniques. Also disclosed are methods for utilizing metRS polypeptides and polynucleotides in diagnostic assays.

Abstract: An objective of the present invention is to provide methods for efficiently producing (S)-1-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-2-propanol at a high optical purity. Another objective is to provide novel reductases which reduce 3,4-dimethoxyphenylacetone, using NADPH as a coenzyme, to produce (S)-1-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-2-propanol with a high optical purity. The inventors found that a 3,4-dimethoxyphenylacetone-reducing enzyme present in Torulaspora delbrueckii is a novel carbonyl reductase that reduces various carbonyls. This novel enzyme reduces 3,4-dimethoxyphenylacetone in a reduction reaction to produce (S)-1-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-2-propanol with a high optical purity and at a high yield. Furthermore, the inventors isolated a DNA that encodes the present enzyme, and generated a recombinant bacterium which highly expresses the present enzyme. Thus, the present inventors established a simple and highly economical method of obtaining optically active alcohols with a high optical purity and at a high yield.

Abstract: This invention provides compositions and methods for generating components of protein biosynthetic machinery including orthogonal tRNAs, orthogonal aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases, and orthogonal pairs of tRNAs/synthetases. Methods for identifying orthogonal pairs are also provided. These components can be used to incorporate unnatural amino acids into proteins in vivo.