Abstract: A more efficient solid-state light emitting device in which phosphors excited by radiation produce visible light. The efficiency is increased by, for example, providing a reflector adjacent to the phosphor layer for reflecting at least some of the radiation that passes through the phosphor, back into the phosphor. The reflector may also reflect at least some of the visible light that is emitted by the phosphor toward a designated light output. Alternatively, or in addition to, the lateral edges of the active region of the radiation source can be at least partially surrounded by a visible light emitting phosphor and a reflector. This allows more of the radiation to interact, and thus excite, the phosphor material, making the device more efficient. The reflector also may reduce optical and radiation cross talk between adjacent light emitting devices.

Abstract: An in-line electron gun for a cathode ray tube includes three cathodes arranged in a horizontal line to emit thermal electrons. A plurality of grid electrodes are sequentially placed along a common axis from the cathodes to focus and accelerate the thermal electrons into beam shapes. Each of the grid electrodes has three beam-guide holes for producing three primary colors of red, green and blue. A shield cup is attached to the outermost grid electrode. The shield cup includes a bottom side having red, green and blue beam-guide holes arranged in a row, and a side wall drawn from the circumference of the bottom side with a cylindrical shape. The shield cup includes an induced electromotive force increasing unit for increasing the electromotive force operating in the vicinity of the red and blue beam-guide holes, and an induced electromotive force decreasing unit for decreasing the electromotive force operating in the vicinity of the green beam-guide hole.

Abstract: An electron source comprises a permanent magnet having channels within the plate extending between opposite poles of the magnet. The internal surfaces of the channels are conductive. A cathode means is located at a first pole of the magnet, at one end of the channels. Each channel within the magnet has a plurality of perforations located on a surface of the permanent magnet, the surface extending between opposite poles of the magnet. A potential applied between the cathode and the conductive internal surfaces of the channels causes electrons to be received into the channels and each perforation forms electrons received from the cathode means into an electron beam for guidance towards a target.

Abstract: An electron source comprises a first permanent magnet having a first channel, extending between first and second poles of the magnet, the internal surfaces of the first channel being conductive. A cathode means is located in the first channel at a first pole of the magnet, a potential being applied between the cathode means and the conductive internal surfaces of the first channel causing electrons to be received into the first channel. A plurality of apertures is located on a wall of the first channel, the wall abutting a second permanent magnet having a plurality of second channels extending between first and second poles of the second magnet. The second pole of the second permanent magnet is adjacent to the aperture located on a wall of the first magnet such that electrons received into the first channel are distributed into the plurality of second channels.

Abstract: An organic EL device comprises on a substrate an electron injecting electrode, a hole injecting electrode, and an organic layer located between both the electrodes. The substrate has an optical refractive index that is within.+-.0.05 of that of the organic layer. By reducing losses due to a refractive index difference between the substrate and the organic layer, light emission luminance fluctuations can be reduced as much as possible even when there is a variation in the thickness of the organic layer.