Abstract: The present invention relates to compositions and methods for cancer diagnosis, research and therapy, including but not limited to, cancer markers. In particular, the present invention relates to recurrent gene fusions as diagnostic markers and clinical targets for prostate cancer.

Abstract: Methods and compositions are provided to determine if a cancer is resistant to treatment with anti-mitotic agents, including treatment with T-DM1. The methods relate to determining if the ABCC3 gene is amplified and/or overexpressed in the cancer.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of preparing and using a library of template polynucleotides suitable for use as templates in solid-phase nucleic acid amplification and sequencing reactions to determine the methylation status of the cytosine bases in the library. In particular, the invention relates to a method of preparing and analyzing a library of template polynucleotides suitable for methylation analysis.

Abstract: This invention features methods and compositions useful for treating and diagnosing diseases of the nervous system, retina, skin, muscle, joint, and cartilage using a Dragon family protein. Protein and nucleic acid sequences of human, murine, zebrafish, and C. elegans Dragon family members are also disclosed.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for analyzing cytosine methylations in DNA sequences, according to which non-methylated cytosines are first converted into uracil while 5-methylcytosine remains unmodified. The DNA is then amplified by means of a polymerase and at least one primer whose 5 end is connected to a probe via a linker. The probe is intramolecularly hybridized onto the amplified products in accordance with the methylation state of the DNA, hybridization being detectable via different detection systems. The inventive method is particularly suitable for diagnosing and predicting cancer diseases and other diseases associated with a modification of the methylation state as well as for predicting undesired effects of medicaments.

Abstract: Identified herein are different forms of bitter receptor genes that occur in different humans. These alleles are generated by numerous coding single nucleotide polymorphisms (cSNP's) that occur within the members of the T2R gene family. Some SNP's cause amino acid substitutions, while others introduce chain termination codons, rendering the allele non-functional. Differences in these genes are believed to have a large effect on those individuals' sense of bitter taste, such that these individuals perceive the taste of bitter substances differently than the rest of the population. The ability to assay this allelic information is useful in the development of flavorings and flavor enhancers, as it can be used to define large groups and populations who perceive bitter tastes differently. This in turn allows the taste preferences of these groups to be addressed at the molecular level for the first time.

Abstract: This invention provides methods and compositions, e.g., to reduce interference from non-specific binding sample constituents in a migration shift assay. Interference due to non-specific binding of sample constituents to an affinity substance (e.g., an affinity molecule or a conjugate of an affinity molecule and a charged carrier molecule) is prevented by, e.g., binding the constituents to charged polymers such as heparin sulfate. The present invention also provides methods to concentrate an analyte of interest with high concentration and to detect the analyte with high sensitivity, and further to optimize the reaction conditions for easily concentrating the analyte. Such objects of the present invention are attained, for example, by concentrating a complex of the analyte and a conjugate which is formed by contacting the analyte in a sample with an affinity molecule bound to a charged carrier molecule such as DNA.

Abstract: The invention provides methods and compositions for rapid, sensitive, and highly specific nucleic acid-based (e.g., DNA based) detection of a BK virus in a sample. In general, the methods involve detecting a target nucleic acid having a target sequence of a conserved region of BK viral genomes. The invention also features compositions, including primers, probes, and kits, for use in the methods of the invention.

Abstract: Six new mutations were found in exon 19 of the EGFR gene, the exon that is often mutated in tumors. The invention comprises methods of detecting the mutations, methods of prognosis and methods of predicting response to treatment based on the presence of absence of the mutations.

Abstract: The present invention provides compositions and methods for characterizing irritable bowel syndrome. In particular, the present invention provides compositions and methods for determining polymorphisms associated with IBS-D and Crohn's disease. The present invention further provides compositions and methods for determining a treatment course of action in subjects with IBS-D and Crohn's disease.

Abstract: A splice variant of bcr-abl mRNA that produces BCR-ABL protein with a truncated C-terminus and its role in resistance to treatment with kinase inhibitors is disclosed. Vectors for expressing the truncated gene product are provided as well as recombinant cells that express the truncated gene product from a cDNA construct. Also provided are methods compositions and kits for detecting the BCR-ABL splice variant. Additionally, methods for screening BCR-ABL kinase domain inhibitors which rely on the recombinant cells and methods of predicting likelihood for resistance of a CML patient with a BCR/ABL translocation respond to treatment with one or more BCR-ABL kinase inhibitors are also disclosed.

Abstract: Disclosed is a biomarker composition for diagnosing the toxicity of nanoparticles, which shows a change in expression by exposure to the nanoparticles, the biomarker composition comprising at least one gene selected from the group consisting of aldehyde dehydrogenase, glutamic-pyruvate transaminase, glutamate dehydrogenase, glutamicoxaloacetic transaminase, glutamic acid decarboxylase and glutamate-ammonia ligase, and to a method for evaluating the toxicity of nanoparticles using the same. The biomarker is a gene marker having a high correlation with the toxicity of nanoparticles, and the use of the biomarker can determine whether nanoparticles have toxicity, with high detection sensitivity. Also, the method is useful in monitoring or evaluating the toxicity of nanoparticles by analyzing factors having a high correlation with toxicity of nanoparticles.

Abstract: DNA amplification and hybridization are successively carried out in a reaction system containing primers for the DNA amplification and hybridization probes, followed by detecting the hybrid in the reaction solution by affinity chromatography, wherein at least one of the primers to be used in the DNA amplification is labeled with a first labeling agent so that the amplified DNA will be labeled with the first labeling agent, a hybridization probe is labeled with a second labeling agent and contained in a reaction solution for effecting the DNA amplification, the base sequence of the hybridization probe is designed not to inhibit the DNA amplification, and a hybrid is detected by affinity chromatography with the use of the first and second labeling agents.

Abstract: Methods and kits are described for testing for the presence or absence of any fungus in a sample. Examples of fungi that can be detected include, but are not limited to, those belonging to the genera Candida, Aspergillus and Pneumocystis. The methods include obtaining a sample suspected of containing fungal nucleic acid, including at least one universal region of fungal nucleic acid, and testing for the presence or absence in the sample of the at least one universal region of fungal nucleic acid. Samples may be biological or non-biological.

Abstract: Described herein are compositions and methods for the prediction of the prognosis of ovarian cancer subjects. The present invention further provides methods for distinguishing between histological subtypes of ovarian cancer tumors, and also methods and compositions for the treatment or prevention of ovarian cancer. Specifically the invention relates to microRNA molecules associated with said methods and compositions, as well as various nucleic acid molecules relating thereto or derived therefrom.

Abstract: The present invention provides for a method to monitor the health of a subject. The method includes obtaining a test sample from the patient. A first probe specific for a CpG promoter region of a biomarker selected from p16, MGMT, PAX-?, PAX5-?, RASSF1A, HLHP, GATA4, GATA5, SFRP1, LAMC2, IGFBP3, H-cadherin, BETA 3, HLHP, and DAPK is provided to the sample. The probe contacts the test sample. The DNA of interest from the test sample is isolated. A second stage probe specific for a second CpG promoter region of a biomarker selected from p16, MGMT, PAX-?, PAX5-?, RASSF1A, HLHP, GATA4, GATA5, SFRP1, LAMC2, IGFBP3, H-cadherin, BETA 3, HLHP, and DAPK is provided to the sample to form a second stage PCR product. The DNA is analyzed for hypermethylation of the promoter region for at least one of p16, MGMT, PAX-?, PAX5-?, RASSF1A, HLHP, GATA4, GATA5, SFRP1, LAMC2, IGFBP3, H-cadherin, BETA 3, HLHP, and DAPK.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to the field of human genetics, particularly the field of peripheral neuropathy, particularly inherited peripheral neuropathy. Specifically, the disclosure relates to methods and materials to detect hereditary peripheral neuropathy, more particularly autosomal recessive Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for indirectly and with high sensitivity detecting a particle dispersed and moving randomly in a solution using a luminescent probe.

Abstract: Disclosed are: a nucleotide sequence and an amino acid sequence for CDR3 region of T-cell receptor (TCR) gene of WT1-specific cytotoxic T-cell (CTL) for WT1 protein; a method for the detection or treatment of cancer using the nucleotide sequence or the amino acid sequence; and a chip, a primer set, a kit, an apparatus and the like for use in the detection of cancer, each of which comprises the nucleotide sequence or the amino acid sequence.

Abstract: The present invention discloses the identification of a fibrosis susceptibility gene locus, the CTGF gene locus, which can be used for detecting predisposition to, diagnosis and prognosis of fibrosis as well as for the screening of therapeutically active drugs. The invention resides, in particular, in a method which comprises detecting in a sample from the subject the presence of an alteration in the CTGF gene locus, the presence of said alteration being indicative of the presence or predisposition to fibrosis.