Abstract: The present invention relates to titanium base alloy compositions having substantially improved resistance to corrosion in mineral acid environments and to structures fabricated therefrom. More particularly, the present invention relates to titanium base alloy compositions containing iron and copper in certain specified amounts, the remainder being substantially all titanium apart from incidental impurities therein and to anode structures fabricated therefrom for use in the electrolytic manufacture of battery grade manganese dioxide.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are an oxygen-cathode for use in electrolysis or an alkali chloride, comprising a current collector made of a compact carbonaceous material, electrode substrate(s) made of a porous carbonaceous material and the catalyst carried on the electrode substrate(s), wherein the electrode substrate(s) and the current collector have been joined together and integrated into one body as carbon, and a process for preparing the oxygen-cathode.

Abstract: Permselective membranes are disclosed which comprise a layer comprising polystyrene, at least a portion of which is sulfonated, and between about 10 wt. % and about 35 wt. % monovinyl arene-hydrogentated diene block copolymer, at least a portion of which is sulfonated. The membranes exhibit a resistance of less than about 8 .OMEGA.-cm.sup.2 in 7 wt. % Na.sub.2 SO.sub.4 and an ion exchange capacity of between about 1.0 meq/g and about 1.6 meq/g. Monopolar and bipolar membranes comprising the layer are disclosed. A preferred process for forming the membranes comprises the steps of sulfonating polystryene and monovinyl arene-hydrogenated diene block copolymer, forming a mixture of the materials in a solvent, forming a layer of the mixture and drying the layer to form at least a portion of the membrane.

Abstract: The invention is a method for making an improved membrane/electrode combination by at least partially coating at least a portion of a first face of a screen template with a plurality of catalytically active particles, where the substantially flat screen has the first face, a second face, and a plurality of openings passing therethrough which connect the first and the second faces of the screen. The openings occupy up to about 75% of the surface area of each face of the screen template. The coated face of the screen template is contacted with an ion exchange membrane. The catalytically active particles are transferred from the screen template to the membrane and the particles are bonded to the membrane.

Abstract: Monopolar, bipolar, and hybrid filter press electrolytic cells for electrolytic processes utilizing a novel method of introducing and removing electrical energy are disclosed. The invention contemplates a novel low pressure, high surface contact area connecting means for joining the anode element and cathode element of electrode assemblies. The invention also contemplates a low pressure, high surface contact area contact of the current distributor member to the back plate.

Abstract: A laminated carbon cathode includes two layers of carbon blocks, i.e. and the upper layer of graphite of graphitised carbon, and a lower layer of a cheaper anthracite carbon. The two layers are so displaced with respect to one another that there are no vertical seams leading straight from the upper surface of the carbon cathode to the its underside. Dividing the cathode into two horizontal layers is combined with the embedding of current-carrying steel conductors in precise grooves between the layers. In order to capitalize on the good electrical conductivity of aluminum, an aluminum extension is friction-welded to each steel conductor as close to a shell enclosing the cathode while at the same time a collar is formed which provides an air-tight seal at the point where the cathode bar enters the side of the shell.

Abstract: This invention includes apparatus and method for providing a support mechanism for electrode assemblies including positioning spacer of electrically nonconductive material having an inside surface forming an internal cavity and a heat pipe for passing a heat transfer fluid through the cavity along the inside surface. The heat pipe transfers heat away from the positioning spacer to form a protective layer of frozen bath around the positioning spacer.

Abstract: An electrode for use in an electrochemical cell and comprising a composition of a mixture of a plastics material and an electrically conducting fibrous material which has a ratio of length to diameter (L/D) of at least 50, and preferably at least 100. The composition may comprise 1% to 10% by volume of electrically conducting fibrous material and the plastics material is preferably a thermoplastic material.

Abstract: In the electrolysis of sodium chloride by means of a perfluoro cation exchange membrane for the production of sodium hydroxide having a concentration of from 32 to 40% by weight, a method for restoring the current efficiency, which comprises suspending the electrolysis when the current efficiency of the perfluoro cation exchange membrane has dropped to a predetermined level, and maintaining the catholyte concentration at a level of not higher than 30% by weight.

Abstract: A process for conducting HCl membrane electrolysis to produce H.sub.2 and Cl.sub.2 from an electrolyte cell comprising a cathode compartment and an anode compartment separated by a membrane comprising feeding a first stream of hydrochloric acid into an inlet of the cathode compartment, withdrawing a second stream of hydrochloric acid from an outlet of the cathode compartment withdrawing a third stream of hydrochloric acid from an outlet of the anode compartment, feeding a fourth stream of hydrochloric aicd into an inlet of the anode compartment, and feeding at least a portion of the second stream into the inlet of the anode compartment.

Abstract: Anodes comprising substrate materials coated with iridium based amorphous metal alloys having the formulaeIr.sub.i D.sub.d E.sub.e F.sub.fandIr.sub.i Y.sub.y D.sub.d E.sub.e F.sub.fwhereY is yttriumD is Ti, Zr, Y, Nb, Ta, Ru, W, Mo and mixtures thereof;E is C, B, Si, P, Al, Ge, As, N, Sb and mixtures thereof;F is Rh, Pt, Pd and mixtures thereof;i is 35 to 96 or 50 to 96, respectively;y is 4 to 40;d is 0 to 40;e is 4 to 40;f is 0 to 45; andi+d+e+f=100, i+y+d+e+f=100, and if E is Si and/or P, then B is also present.A process for the use of the foregoing iridium based alloys as anodes for the electrolysis of halide-containing electrolyte solutions is also provided.

Abstract: An electrically and covalently coupled cofactor modified electrode for mediating the heterogeneous or homogeneous catalysis of a biochemical reaction by an enzyme. The electrode coating comprises an imidazoleflavin derivative covalently bonded to the electrode surface. Methods for preparation and use of the modified electrode are also presented.