Abstract: The carbon dioxide reducing method using light includes: (a) preparing a carbon dioxide reducing cell including: a cathode chamber that holds first electrolytic solution containing carbon dioxide; an anode chamber that holds second electrolytic solution; a proton exchange membrane inserted between the cathode and anode chambers; a cathode set inside the cathode chamber to contact the first electrolytic solution, and the cathode having copper, gold, silver, indium, etc. on the cathode; and an anode set inside the anode chamber to contact the second electrolytic solution, the anode having first semiconductor layer constituted by nitride semiconductor including AlxGa1-xN layer wherein 0?x?0.

Abstract: Provided are a method of fabricating a photonic crystal having a desired photonic bandgap, and a method of fabricating a color filter, including providing a photonic crystal solution in which a plurality of colloidal particles that are electrically charged are dispersed, mixing a photopolymerizable monomer mixture in the photonic crystal solution to form a photopolymerizable monomer-crystal mixture, applying an electric field to the photopolymerizable monomer-crystal mixture to electrically control intervals between the plurality of colloidal particles, and irradiating ultraviolet light to the photopolymerizable monomer-crystal mixture to photopolymerize the monomer mixture to form the photonic crystal or the color filter.

Abstract: A method of isolating 99Mo produced using a (n,?) reaction according to example embodiments may include vaporizing a source compound containing 98Mo and 99Mo. The vaporized source compound may be ionized to form ions containing 98Mo and 99Mo. The ions may be separated to isolate the ions containing 99Mo. The isolated ions containing 99Mo may be collected with a collector. Accordingly, the isolated 99Mo may have a relatively high specific radioactivity and, in turn, may be used to produce the diagnostic radioisotope, 99mTc, through radioactive decay.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for depositing a wear resistant coating on a cutting tool substrate. Cathodic arc deposition is performed using one or more plate-shaped targets and a high arc current of at least 200 A, preferably at least 400 A, whereby a high total ion current of at least 5 A is provided in front of the substrates. A comparatively low bias voltage may be used in order to avoid negative effects of ions impinging on the substrates with high kinetic energy. Thanks to the method of the invention it is possible to deposit thick wear resistant coatings on cutting tool substrates in order to improve cutting performance and tool life.

Abstract: In some embodiments, a sputter source for a process chamber may include: a first enclosure having a top, sides and an open bottom; a target coupled to the open bottom; an electrical feed coupled to the top of the first enclosure proximate a central axis of the first enclosure to provide power to the target via the first enclosure; a magnet assembly having a shaft, a support arm coupled to the shaft, and a magnet coupled to the support arm disposed within the first enclosure; a first rotational actuator disposed off-axis to the central axis of the first enclosure and rotatably coupled to the magnet to rotate the magnet about the central axis of the first enclosure; and a second rotational actuator disposed off-axis to the central axis of the first enclosure and rotatably coupled to the magnet to rotate the magnet about a central axis of the magnet assembly.

Abstract: One or more embodiments of the invention are directed to deposition apparatuses comprising a grounded top wall, a processing chamber and a plasma source assembly having a conductive hollow cylinder and substantially continuous grounded shield substantially conforming to the shape of the hollow cylinder.

Abstract: In a control method of a differential pressure water electrolysis system, a reference water level of a gas-liquid separator for normal operations is set to discharge a liquid water stored in the gas-liquid separator to a discharge tube. A depressurization reference water level which is a lower water level than the reference water level is set to discharge the liquid water stored in the gas-liquid separator to the discharge tube upon depressurizing. A depressurization valve is opened to reduce pressure at a cathode side after operation of a differential pressure water electrolysis device has been stopped, in a state with voltage applied. A permissible water level upper limit value at which an open/close valve is opened is switched from the reference water level to the depressurization reference water level when the depressurization valve is opened.

Abstract: A processing apparatus for processing a substrate in a vacuum processing space in a chamber includes a shield arranged in the chamber, and a holding portion configured to hold the shield by a magnetic force. The holding portion has a holding surface on which a first magnet is arranged. The shield includes a second magnet configured to generate an attraction force with respect to the first magnet, and a receiving portion configured to receive a tool configured to move the shield with respect to the holding portion.

Abstract: A power supply including a luminescent solar concentrator (LSC) adapted for placement in an eye includes a base material transparent to visible light; and fluorescent particles doped within the base material. The fluorescent particles are capable of absorbing and reemitting light in the ultraviolet spectrum. A concentration of the fluorescent particles as a function of radius from an optical axis of the LSC is reduced in at least a portion of the base material outside of a pupil diameter. At least one photovoltaic cell is configured to receive the light in the ultraviolet spectrum trapped within the base material and to convert the trapped light into electricity.

Abstract: Highly-pure graphite oxide, graphene oxide, or graphene is mass-produced. Graphite is oxidized by an oxidizer, so that a graphite oxide solution is obtained, and electrodialysis is performed on the graphite oxide solution to remove aqueous ions, whereby the purity of graphite oxide is increased. Graphene oxide manufactured using the graphite oxide is mixed with powder, and the mixture is reduced, whereby graphene exhibiting conductive properties is yielded and the powder can be bonded. Such graphene can be used instead of a conduction auxiliary agent or a binder of a variety of batteries.

Abstract: There is provided a method for reducing the content of at least one water soluble volatile organic compound in a gas. The method comprises contacting the gas with an aqueous acidic oxidizing composition comprising H2O2 and a metal catalyst, and submitting the at least one water soluble volatile organic compound and the aqueous acidic oxidizing composition to an UV radiation.

Abstract: A solar cell formation method, and resulting structure, having a first film and a barrier film over a surface of a doped semiconductor, wherein the optical and/or electrical properties of the first film are transformed in-situ such that a resulting transformed film is better suited to the efficient functioning of the solar cell; wherein portions of the barrier film partially cover the first film and substantially prevent transformation of first film areas beneath the portions of the barrier film.

Abstract: An electrodialysis unit 8 comprises a plurality of cathodes 68, a plurality of anodes 70 and a plurality of membranes 71; wherein the cathodes 68 and anodes 70 are arranged alternately in an electrode stack, with membranes 71 in between each cathode 68 and anode 70; and wherein the cathode 68 and the anode 70 are each formed of a single conductive plate such that both surfaces of the cathode plates and anode plates enclosed within the electrode stack are, in use, in conductive contact with the water being treated.

Abstract: A method, comprising: generating a vapor of a material from a source of said material comprising a plurality of separate solid pieces of said material supported on a surface of a base in a configuration in which said plurality of solid pieces of said target material are arranged at two or more levels to cover the whole of said surface of said base while providing a gap between adjacent pieces at the same level; and depositing said material from said vapor onto a substrate.

Abstract: Described herein, is a method of dewatering a slurry, the slurry being tailings from bitumen extraction of mined oil sand. The slurry is passed through at least one electro-kinetic thickener having a voltage gradient to separate water from the slurry to produce a dewatered slurry. The electro-kinetic thickener may comprise an auger to move the slurry downstream. The auger has a conductive component in the form of a wire, ribbon or rod as an anode (positive electrode) to attract negatively-charged slurry particles and to repel the positively-charged cations and associated water. The auger is shafted or shaftless. The electro-kinetic thickener may also comprise a porous drum having the auger disposed therein. The porous drum is a cathode (negative electrode) to repel the negatively-charged slurry particles, attract the positively-charged cations and associated water, and allow the water to pass through the porous drum.

Abstract: Disclosed is an anode electrode including a nitride semiconductor layer. This nitride semiconductor layer includes an AlxGa1-xN layer (0<x?0.25), an AlyGa1-yN layer (0?y?x), and a GaN layer. The AlyGa1-yN layer is interposed between the AlxGa1-xN layer and the GaN layer. The value of x is fixed in the thickness direction of the AlxGa1-xN layer. The value of y decreases from the interface with the AlxGa1-xN layer f toward the interface with the GaN layer. The AlxGa1-xN layer is irradiated with light having a wavelength of 360 nm or less so as to reduce carbon dioxide.

Abstract: Film-formation rate can be increased in the pre-sputtering and in the subsequent sputtering onto a substrate or the like, and sputtering failures such as splashes can be inhibited, by making an Al-based alloy or Cu-based alloy spurting target fulfill the following requirements (1) and/or (2) when the total area ratio of crystal orientations <001>±15°, <011>±15°, <111>±15°, <112>±15°, and <012>±15° in the sputtering surface normal direction in the depth within 1 mm from the uppermost surface of the sputtering target is referred to as a P value: (1) the area ratio PA of <011>±15° to the P value: 40% or lower; and (2) the total area ratio PB of <001>±15° and <111>±15° to the P value: 20% or higher.

Abstract: The disclosure provides conductive membranes for water splitting and solar fuel generation. The membranes comprise an embedded semiconductive/photoactive material and an oxygen or hydrogen evolution catalyst. Also provided are chassis and cassettes containing the membranes for use in fuel generation.

Abstract: An electrolyzer device comprises a container configured to receive liquid to be electrolyzed; a separator arranged in the container so as to define a first chamber and a second chamber positioned lower in a vertical direction than the first chamber; a cathode arranged in the first chamber and operatively connected to a power supply; and an anode arranged in the second chamber and operatively connected to the power supply.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention provide electrochemical analyte sensors having elements designed to modulate their electrochemical reactions as well as methods for making and using such sensors.