Abstract: A first data store is provided for storing individual subscriptions, including match criteria and an action specification. A second data store is also provided for storing group subscriptions, including a use counter and a list of pointers to the individual subscriptions. When a new individual subscription is submitted, it is registered/stored in the individual subscription data store. Upon registration, its criteria are checked against the criteria of existing subscriptions in the group subscription data store. If there is a match, a use counter corresponding to the matching group subscription is incremented, and a pointer is added to a list of pointers to associate the matching group subscription with the individual subscription. If there is not a match, a new group subscription is added to the group subscription data store, and the group subscription is registered with the pub/sub engine. A use counter corresponding to the group subscription is incremented, and a pointer is added to a list of pointers.

Abstract: A financial methodology for the analysis of events' impact on media coverage and business, and predictive indications of movements of stock prices (or other financial instruments) triggered by media and business impact is described. The methodology is based on a numerical approach suitable for processing by a computer. It takes into account data outside the traditional realm of finance, such as public sensitivity to certain classes of events, and the correlation between media coverage and stock price performance during the course of an event.

Abstract: A method and system for facilitating trading of financial instruments in a market are provided. The system comprises a server and an interface. The interface is configured to enable buy orders and sell orders to be entered. Each order has a price, a volume, and an entry time and relates to a respective futures contract. The server is configured to match received buy orders having a first price to received sell orders having the first price. The match is effected by ensuring that the prices match, and then using the volume and entry time for each buy order and each sell order to assign a weight of time relative to volume, and then using the weights to determine each match. The server uses the matches to complete respective trades. The weights may be adjusted based on market conditions.

Abstract: The invention is directed to systems, methods, and an apparatus for bidding in online auctions. Bids for advertising include an amount that is a function of an expected value-per-click and a fraction of a budget already spent for advertising slots.

Abstract: A technique is provided for managing bundles of constructs that may individually fail. Each bundle has a repetitively updated resource amount for counterbalancing a transfer of a failure risk pertaining to the respective bundle. Construct data is stored and a value of the resource amount is calculated for an individual time instance based on the construct data. It is determined whether a construct of a first bundle has failed. If not, a value of a resource amount for the first bundle is calculated. If a construct has failed, a second bundle is generated that includes all constructs of the first bundle except for the construct having failed, and a value of a resource amount for the second bundle is calculated. The technique is particularly suitable for managing futures contracts that are based on a basket of credit default swaps as underlyings.

Abstract: A synthetic instrument known as a “Total Fair Value Swap” is disclosed. According to one embodiment, the Total Fair Value Swap may comprise an agreement between two counterparties, a “Fixed Rate Payer” and a “Floating Rate Payer”. According to the agreement, the Fixed Rate Payer makes a stream of payments to the Floating Rate Payer based on a fixed rate, and the Floating Rate Payer makes a second stream of payments to the Fixed Rate Payer based on a floating rate, wherein a first portion of the floating rate is based on a reference interest rate, and wherein a second portion of the floating rate is based on a credit spread associated with the Floating Rate Payer. The reference interest rate may be, for example, London Inter-Bank Offer Rate (LIBOR), prime interest rate, the US dollar swap rate, the U.S. Treasury Bond rate or any other widely traded interest rate that is reset periodically. The credit spread may be observed from the Credit Default Swap (CDS) market.

Abstract: A method and system for facilitating trading of financial instruments in a market are provided. The system comprises a server and an interface. The interface is configured to enable buy orders and sell orders to be entered. Each order has a price, a volume, and an entry time and relates to a respective futures contract The server is configured to match received buy orders having a first price to received sell orders having the first price. The match is effected by ensuring that the prices match, and then using the volume and entry time for each buy order and each sell order to assign a volume weight and a time weight, and then using the volume weights and the time weights to determine each match. The server uses the matches to complete respective trades. The volume and time weights may be adjusted based on market conditions.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to an investment risk minimization system involving a venture capital investor and a venture needing investment from the venture capital investor. In such a system, an exemplary method can include providing an investment to a venture having an intellectual asset, and receiving a security interest in the intellectual asset. The security interest secures an ownership right upon failure by the venture to meet established parameters. Further, if the venture receiving the investment fails to meet the established parameters, the method includes obtaining an ownership interest in the intellectual asset, valuing the intellectual asset, and transferring the intellectual asset to a charitable organization.

Abstract: One embodiment of the invention is a method for providing a financial instrument including determining a current account balance for a financial account, calculating a liability ratio for the financial account, and determining whether to transfer at least a portion of the account balance from a variable sub-account to a low-risk sub-account based on the liability ratio.

Abstract: A data processing system and method are provided for repetitively determining a resource amount for counterbalancing the transfer of a failure risk pertaining to a bundle of constructs that may individually fail. The system has data storage for storing reference values of the bundle of constructs for distinct individual time instances during the resource amount determination. The reference values indicate a value of a respective reference construct or a value of a reference bundle of constructs. The system further has a calculation unit connected to the data storage for calculating a value of the resource amount for an individual time instance based on the reference values. The technique is suitable for valuing a futures contract that is based on a basket of credit default swaps as underlyings.

Abstract: The invention relates to an investment risk minimization system involving a venture capital investor and a venture needing investment from the venture capital investor. In such a system, an exemplary method can include providing an investment to a venture having an intellectual asset, and receiving a security interest in the intellectual asset. The security interest secures an ownership right upon failure by the venture to meet established parameters. Further, if the venture receiving the investment fails to meet the established parameters, the method includes obtaining an ownership interest in the intellectual asset, valuing the intellectual asset, and transferring the intellectual asset to a charitable organization.

Abstract: Methods and corresponding system are provided herewith that, in at least one embodiment, include the act or acts of issuing at least one warrant to a participant, in which the warrant is convertible into at least one ownership share of an entity associated with a marketplace; receiving information associated with the participant's execution of trading activities in the marketplace; determining, based on the received information, a quantity of warrants eligible for conversion into ownership shares; converting the eligible warrants into a quantity of ownership shares; and transmitting an indicia indicating the quantity of ownership shares.

Abstract: Methods and corresponding system are provided herewith that, in at least one embodiment, include the act or acts of receiving at least one warrant in exchange for executing at least one trading activity in a marketplace, in which the warrant may be converted into at least one ownership share of an entity associated with the marketplace; receiving information associated with the execution of the trading activities in the marketplace; receiving an indicia indicating a quantity of warrants eligible for conversion into ownership shares, in which the quantity of eligible warrants is determined based on the received information; and receiving a quantity of ownership shares of the entity, in which the quantity of ownership shares is determined based on a conversion ratio.

Abstract: A method and system for facilitating trading of financial instruments in a market are provided. The system comprises a server and an interface. The interface is configured to enable buy orders and sell orders to be entered. Each order has a price, a volume, and an entry time and relates to a respective futures contract. The server is configured to match received buy orders having a first price to received sell orders having the first price. The match is effected by ensuring that the prices match, and then using the volume and entry time for each buy order and each sell order to assign a volume weight and a time weight, and then using the volume weights and the time weights to determine each match. The server uses the matches to complete respective trades. The volume and time weights may be adjusted based on market conditions.

Abstract: A synthetic instrument known as a “Total Fair Value Swap” is disclosed. According to one embodiment, the Total Fair Value Swap may comprise an agreement between two counterparties, a “Fixed Rate Payer” and a “Floating Rate Payer”. According to the agreement, the Fixed Rate Payer makes a stream of payments to the Floating Rate Payer based on a fixed rate, and the Floating Rate Payer makes a second stream of payments to the Fixed Rate Payer based on a floating rate, wherein a first portion of the floating rate is based on a reference interest rate, and wherein a second portion of the floating rate is based on a credit spread associated with the Floating Rate Payer. The reference interest rate may be, for example, London Inter-Bank Offer Rate (LIBOR), prime interest rate, the US dollar swap rate, the U.S. Treasury Bond rate or any other widely traded interest rate that is reset periodically. The credit spread may be observed from the Credit Default Swap (CDS) market.