Abstract: The closed electron drift plasma thruster uses a magnetic circuit to create a magnetic field in a main annular channel for ionization and acceleration, said magnetic circuit comprises: an essentially radial first outer pole piece; a conical second outer pole piece; an essentially radial first inner pole piece; a conical second inner pole piece; a plurality of outer magnetic cores surrounded by outer coils to interconnect the first and second outer pole pieces; an axial magnetic core surrounded by a first inner coil and connected to the first inner pole piece; and a second inner coil placed upstream from the outer coils. The thruster also comprises a plurality of radial arms included in the magnetic circuit, and a structural base which is separate from the magnetic circuit and which serves, amongst other things, to cool the coils.

Abstract: A CRT is provided with a panel having a curved inner phosphor-coated side, a substantially flat outer viewing screen side and a rectangular-shaped effective screen area ranged through the inner phosphor-coated side and the outer viewing screen side. A shadow mask faces the phosphor-coated side of the panel. The shadow mask is formed to the curved shape of the phosphor-coated side. The rectangular-shaped effective screen area of the panel has two horizontally parallel long sides meeting a vertical axis, two vertically parallel short sides extended perpendicular to the horizontal sides, and four boundary corners formed between the neighboring horizontal and vertical sides. The vertical sides meet a horizontal axis and each of the boundary sides meets a diagonal axis. The meeting point of a horizontal long side and the vertical axis has a thickness Tv. The meeting point of a vertical short side and the horizontal axis has a thickness Th.

Abstract: A display as for images and/or information comprises a plurality of light-emitting fibers disposed in side-by-side arrangement to define a viewing surface. Each light-emitting fiber includes a plurality of light-emitting elements disposed along its length, each having two electrodes between which are applied electrical signals to cause the light-emitting element to emit light to display a pixel or sub-pixel of the image and/or information. The light-emitting fiber includes an electrical conductor disposed along its length to serve as a first electrode, a layer of light-emissive material disposed thereon, and a plurality of electrical contacts disposed on the light-emissive material to serve as the second electrodes of the light-emitting elements.

Abstract: A cold cathode element for emitting an electron on application of an electric field. The element includes a diamond carbon film having a half width Hw of a photoelectron spectrum of a C1S electron using an X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, of 1.72 eV or more. The cold cathode element has the function of sufficiently emitting electrons even by applying a low voltage, and thus the element has high practical utility.

Abstract: The brightness of plasma display panel and extend the life thereof are improved. Of glass substrates 3 and 5 facing each other via partitioning walls 6 and defining a predetermined electric discharge space, a conventional phosphor layer 7 is provided on the glass substrate 5, and an up-conversion phosphor layer 8 is provided on the other glass substrate 3. Application of a high voltage between discharge electrodes 1 and 2 causes electric discharge, generating vacuum ultraviolet radiation and infrared radiation. The up-conversion phosphor layer 8 converts the infrared radiation to visible light, while the conventional phosphor layer 7 converts the vacuum ultraviolet radiation to visible light.

Abstract: A cathode ray tube includes a rectangular panel on which a phosphor screen is formed, a cylindrical neck in which an electron gun is disposed, and a funnel formed contiguous to the panel. The funnel includes a cone part whose interior surface has a circular section at the position contiguous to the neck. The circular section is deformed from the neck side to the panel side to have a non-circular section having a maximum diameter along a direction other than the horizontal and vertical axis, and distances from a funnel axis to interior surface of the cone part are non-linearly increases or decreases, and the vertical interior surface is convexed to the funnel axis with fulfilling the following condition, &Dgr;H/rd<0.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a field emission element including the steps of: forming a conductive film on an antireflection film; forming a resist pattern on the antireflection film through photolithography; forming holes through the antireflection film and conductive film by using the resist pattern as a mask; removing the resist pattern, depositing a first sacrificial film over a substrate and etching back the first sacrificial film to leave a side spacer on an inner wall of the hole of the conductive film; depositing a second sacrificial film over the substrate and forming a conductive emitter electrode on the second sacrificial film; and partially removing the second sacrificial film to expose a tip portion of the emitter electrode. This method can form a gate hole at a high precision in size.

Abstract: An electron gun, preferably a four-pole electron gun, used in an electron beam exposure apparatus is formed by: a cathode for emitting an electron beam when supplying a negative and high-accelerated voltage; a first grid provided downstream of the cathode for focusing a crossover image of the electron beam when supplying a voltage which becomes a reverse bias for the cathode, and the cathode and the first grid being arranged at a high voltage side of a high voltage insulator; an anode for collecting the electron beam which passes through the first grid, and being arranged at a low voltage side of the high voltage insulator; and a second grid provided at the high voltage side of the high voltage insulator and between the first grid and the anode, and having an aperture for limiting an amount of the electron beam passing therethrough. A voltage which becomes a forward bias for the cathode is supplied to the second grid, and the crossover image is focused at the aperture of the second grid.

Abstract: The object of the invention is to provide an organic EL device which possesses the merits of both an organic material and an inorganic material, has high efficiency and an extended life, and can be fabricated at low cost. This object is achieved by the provision of an organic EL device which comprises a pair of a hole injecting electrode 2 and an electron injecting electrode 6 and an organic layer 4 interleaved between these electrodes 2 and 6 and taking part in light emission function. The organic layer 4 comprises a light emitting layer containing a conjugated polymer. A high-resistance inorganic hole injecting and transporting layer 3 including a conduction path for blocking electrons and transporting holes is provided between the organic layer 4 and the hole injecting layer 2.

Abstract: A mounting member for supporting a shroud, and an arc tube located within such shroud, in an arc discharge lamp is provided. The mounting member includes at least two support clips welded to at least one support rod on the same side of the support rod. A bubble-in-the-press arc lamp is provided having at least one press seal that includes opposite walls. A bubble portion is formed in one wall, and the other wall includes a protrusion. The bubble portion extends towards one wall and the protrusion extends towards the other wall to hold a support clip of a supporting member therebetween. An electric lamp assembly is provided that includes the mounting means and/or the bubble-in-the-press arc tube of the present invention.

Abstract: A description is given of a fluorescent lamp having spacers 6 for supporting a wall 2 of the discharge vessel, the fluorescent layer 3 having (8) a reduced thickness in a surrounding region of the spacer 6.

Abstract: In one embodiment of the present invention, the ion optics for use with an ion source have first and second electrically conductive grids having mutually aligned respective pluralities of apertures through which ions may be accelerated and wherein each has an integral peripheral portion. There is also a support member. There are first and second series of seats around the respective peripheral portions of the first and second grids. A plurality of first spherical insulators are distributed between seats of the first and second series, thereby establishing a predetermined distance between the grids while still enabling radial movement between their peripheral portions. There are third and fourth series of seats around the support member and the peripheral portion of the second grid, respectively, with seats of the fourth series displaced from those of the second series in the same grid.

Abstract: A second anode button for a cathode ray tube comprises a ferritic stainless steel alloy having a chromium content of about 10 to about 20% by weight and that is nickel-free.

Abstract: In a spark plug, a main gap is formed between the center electrode and the ground electrode, and an auxiliary gap is formed between the center electrode and a projecting inner edge formed at an open end portion of the metallic shell. The inner wall surface of the metallic shell extending from a terraced portion toward the tip end of the metallic shell is tapered such that the diameter of the inner wall surface decreases toward the tip end of the metallic shell by an amount of 0.6 mm or more. Through reduction of a gas volume defined by the insulator and the inner wall surface of the metallic shell, entry of high temperature combustion gas can be reduced to thereby decrease a thermal load imposed on the insulator, while entry of carbon can be minimized to thereby prevent contamination. Accordingly, heat resistance and contamination resistance can be significantly improved, and thus the range of operation of the spark plug can be widened.