Abstract: The method comprises the steps of: digging out a continuous groove (13) in the wall of the tubing at the location of the tapping point to be made, said groove being slightly shallower than the thickness of the wall, thereby leaving a membrane (14) of metal at the bottom of the groove between the inside of the tubing and the outside atmosphere; placing a sealed isolation unit on the tubing, said unit covering a wide area which is at least equal to the area delimited by the groove; breaking the metal membrane so as to make an opening in the wall of the tubing; removing the cut out portion of the wall; welding on a blind tail pipe; and removing the sealed isolation unit. The invention also provides a groove-digging device, and a membrane-breaking punch device (600).

Abstract: In a method and system of controlling an injection molding machine in which molten metal in an injection cylinder is injected into a metal mold by an injection plunger operated by an oil pressure operator and in which pressurized oil is supplied to the oil pressure operator through adjustable valve means actuated by actuator means, various factors relating to an injection condition are measured and an injection command signal is calculated based on the measured factors for providing a predetermined injection pattern. The actuator means is operated by the injection command signal so as to adjust the adjustable valve means to a degree of opening necessary to establish an optimum injection condition.

Abstract: To produce steel sheet cross sections, particularly those having a small thickness down to a lower limit of about 30 mm and a width of about 500 to 1500 mm, with high surface quality and at a high casting rate (about 10 m/min) at relatively low expense in continuous casting molds equipped with comoving mold walls defining a casting cross section or cavity, a tubular casting nozzle having a mouthpiece whose width at its exit cross section is less than 50% of the width of the casting cavity is utilized, and the space between the sidewalls of the mouthpiece and the adjacent lateral dams or sidewalls of the casting cavity is bridged by means of two symmetrically oriented rotating wheels provided with ceramic rims. The wheels are of a size such that they simultaneously form a seal together with the mouthpiece and the respective, oppositely disposed lateral dams and casting belts defining the casting cavity.

Abstract: An improved die casting process for the production of castings which include metallic inserts. The process comprises the use of inexpensie non-metallic inserts in place of the metallic insert during the initial warm-up casting shots, said substitute inserts preferably being made of cardboard. The process is particularly well suited for the casting of die cast engine blocks wherein cardboard sleeves are substituted for the cast iron cylinder sleeves during the die warm-up casting shots.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing durable metal molds whereby metal melt-spraying is utilized. The method comprises the steps of spraying a first model with a low melting point metal, removing the first model, casting a second low melting point metal into the space vacated by removal of the first model to form a second model, removing the second model, spraying the second model with a high melting point metal, melting said second model out of the mold formed by spraying the high melting point metal, reinforcing the space vacated by the melting of the second model with sand, and reinforcing the space to the rear of the mold with metal, cement, or any suitable material. The sand is subsequently removed to form a durable metal mold.

Abstract: An insert is provided for a continuous caster mold which permits casting of plural strands in the mold. The insert has opposed wall faces, the spacing of which is independently adjustable at their upper and lower ends. The spacing of the upper and lower ends is made adjustable by separately actuable wedge assemblies, each of which includes a wedge and ramps having mateable angularly aligned surfaces. At least one surface in each pair of adjoining wedge and ramp surfaces has a convex curvature to permit adjustment of the angular alignment of the wall faces as required at the various spacing distances thereof. The wedges provide greater rigidity than screw-type adjustment, preventing undesirable variations in taper during casting. The invention includes a method of installing the insert in the mold and adjusting the spacing and angular alignment of the opposed wall faces of the insert.

Abstract: This invention provides a method of continuously casting steel with the use of a copper or copper alloy mold comprising a pair of long side mold pieces and a pair of short side mold pieces slidable along the long side mold pieces for changing the width of the slab to be produced, the method being characterized by inserting into the mold at each corner thereof a cooling member made of a material identical or substantially identical with the steel to be cast and slidingly moving the short side mold pieces under reduced clamping pressure acting between the long side mold pieces and the short side mold pieces in contact therewith.

Abstract: A breakout warning method and apparatus for a continuous casting installation wherein structure-bound sound, traveling through the area of the ingot mold, is continuously picked up by a sound recorder and checked for the presence of typical frictional noises between the mold and billet. A breakout signal is emitted upon determination that there are no typical frictional noises present.

Abstract: In a conveyor for the stepwise advance of a vertically parted boxless mould through a pouring and cooling zone of a guideway each side of this guideway is composed of mutually reciprocable rods or rails, at least some of which are operative to carry along the mould in its advance step and which during the advance movement as well as during the periods of standstill keep the mould permanently compressed in its transverse direction to the benefit of the accuracy of the castings produced. For the purpose of limiting the effect of possible expansion forces on the castings before full hardening thereof, at least some of the guideway rods may comprise aligned sections which in case of longitudinal expansion of the mould may be drawn apart against spring resistance.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for pouring molten metal in a neutral atmosphere into an ingot mold, a trumpet funnel for bottom poured ingots or a tundish box for a continuous caster or like vessel is disclosed wherein the receiving vessel is closed about a ceramic sleeve through which the molten metal is poured and wherein the normal atmosphere is replaced by vaporized hexamethylene or cyclohexane as it is sometimes called. The closure about the ceramic sleeve through which the molten metal is introduced into the receiving vessel is positioned on top of the receiving vessel and supports the ceramic sleeve and is provided with break lines or scores that permit the edge portions of the sheet-like closure to be moved in hinged relation thereto when the sheet-like closure is pushed downwardly into the receiving vessel to a point on or near the surface of the molten metal.

Abstract: There is disclosed a continuous casting machine for selectively casting a strand having slab cross section or at least two strands having smaller cross sections. It includes a plate mold surrounded by a support frame supporting the end walls and side walls, and further intermediate end walls provided between the end walls for casting at least two strands. In order to provide end walls that are insertable into the mold and positively connectable thereto with parts that project into the mold used for slab cross sectional formats being avoided, a hollow body carrying copper plates of the intermediate end walls is inserted between the copper plates of the side walls. A coolant flows through the hollow body, which is supported with its upper end on the side walls by supporting elements overlapping the side walls, and with its lower end is fixed by coolant supply and discharge piping.

Abstract: An apparatus for the production of die-cast parts is described, wherein the melt is pressured under a low pressure into a die where it solidifies. A casting unit has a drive piston guided in a casting cylinder and connected to a casting piston. The casting piston is equipped with terminal stops in both directions. The casting piston, which has a large cross-section, is able to travel into a movable half of the die. The casting cylinder is displaceably supported on a guide in the direction of the axis of the drive piston, with the terminal stops being adjustable relative to the drive piston and relative to each other. A signal transducer is associated with the stroke path of the drive piston and detects the end position of the casting piston within the moving half of the die.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the electromagnetic casting of metals. The process is characterized by simultaneously using a stationary field and a variable field at a suitable frequency for producing both radial vibrations within the metal which is not yet in a solidified condition and limiting agitation of the metal. The invention can be used in any circumstance where both the structure and the surface condition of the cast products are to be improved.

Abstract: A shrouding sleeve for removable insertion between a tundish and an underlying mold to vertically enshroud a liquid stream issuing from the tundish to the mold wherein the shrouding sleeve consists of upper and lower substantially rigid sleeve portions. The upper sleeve is removably secured to the underside of the tundish and the lower sleeve is removably insertable for vertical alignment between the upper sleeve and the underlying mold. An annular flange is annularly secured to the bottom of the upper sleeve, and in a similar manner, annular flanges are also secured to the top and bottom of the lower sleeve. Another annular flange is also secured to the top of the underlying mold. At least one of these annular flanges is under continuous bias in the vertical direction so that when the lower shrouding sleeve is transversely inserted into vertical alignment between the upper sleeve and the mold, all of the annular flanges engage adjacent mating flanges to form a continuous shrouding sleeve under seal.

Abstract: A method is set forth for simultaneously preparing a plurality of castings of a solution of an element, or compound, in a solvent, which solvent may also be an element and/or a compound. The solution is saturated at a temperature T.sub.s. A problem in liquid epitaxy growth processes is the simple preparation of growth charges of sufficient reproducible composition and size to produce epitaxial layers of reproducible composition and thickness. The present invention provides a melt consisting of the solvent, of the solvent together with at least one constituent of the solution, or of a solution which is unsaturated at the temperature T.sub.s, which melt is prepared in a boat body of a liquid-tight boat assembly. An equilibrium is established at T.sub.s between the melt and a solid body having an excess of any constituent in which the melt is deficient with respect to the saturated solution so as to form the saturated solution.

Abstract: Due to the inclination of a centrifuge arm of a centrifugal casting arrangement the mass of a muffle or retort and a compensation or balancing mass come to lie essentially in the same rotational plane. The infinite adjustment of a muffle or retort holder and the compensation or balancing mass is accomplished by a drive rod movably arranged within the centrifuge arm as well as by a gear rack driven by the drive rod and upon which there is seated the muffle holder. A housing structure containing a cover member prevents access to the centrifugal casting arrangement during operation of the centrifugal casting machine.

Abstract: Liquid metal M in a casting ladle 1 located under a mold A is cast uphill under low pressure into the mold cavity 10 through a vertical shaft 3. The metal is treated by a soluble inoculation wire 13 suspended down through the cavity over a length L greater than the height h of the mold with its lower part H submerged in the liquid metal filling the shaft. The ladle pressure is maintained until the wire is fully dissolved, and then raised to fill the mold cavity with the inoculated liquid metal.

Abstract: A low pressure mold system includes a pouring-in core with a bore which is inserted into the upper part of a foundry mold. The bore is connected by an overflow channel and a drop channel with the hollow space of the mold which is to be filled. Melt is forced from below into the pouring-in channel of the casting mold. The core forms a channel in the shape of a siphon, permitting emptying of the pouring-in channel immediately after the filling process.

Abstract: A crucible for use with a broken arm-type centrifugal casting machine includes an elongated base section and a top section which is generally in the shape of a half cylinder, a large portion of the top section being removed by a cavity which creates a crucible floor, left and right side walls and a generally funnel-shaped channel which extends to a front surface at the front end of the crucible to provide a discharge opening. The right side wall is always correspondingly higher than the left side wall and both the left side wall and the right side wall increase in height and slope over toward one another as they extend toward the front end of the crucible until they merge at a point on a head portion of the top section which is on the left side of the crucible. The crucible floor includes a portion which narrows in width as it extends toward the front end of the crucible and slopes downwardly from horizontal at an angle of between about 10.degree. and 20.degree.

Abstract: A centrifugal ceramic casting furnace including a horizontal arm rotatably supported by the upper end of a vertical shaft driven by a motor and the arm having a casting ring cradle on one end, a muffle movable along said arm a limited distance toward and from the cradle and a counterweight device mounted upon the opposite end of the arm adjustably both longitudinally and upwardly in a manner to balance the opposite ends of the arm statically and also adjustably dispose the effective masses of the muffle and counterweight within a common horizontal plane to effect substantial freedom from vibration while the furnace is rotating at a centrifugal casting speed.