Abstract: A method and apparatus can direct packets from a first network to a second network, e.g., a backbone network. Packets of the first network follow a predetermined protocol employing global addressing. Packets of the first network have a source identification code, a destination code, and a service code. The second network offers the benefit of one of a plurality of service classes. A host (in some case in cooperation with a gateway) can (a) originate at least some of the packets and set the source identification code, the destination code, and the service code for the packets, and (b) send the packets from the host on at least one hop consistent with the destination code. An edge router can transfer the packets to the second network offering the benefit of one or more service classes. The edge router has an input device and an output device. The input device can extract from the packets the source identification code and the service code.

Abstract: A method and device is described for converting an STM-1 signal into a sub-STM-1 signal in synchronous radio transmission. The invention provides for the use of a pure regenerator network element without any multiplexing function. The method according to the invention provides in transmission, for reducing the received STM-1 signal by one third (only the first TUG-3 is considered as valid and is transmitted in the radio link, whereas the second and the third TUG-3 are considered in an unequipped condition and are not transmitted), thus maintaining the STM-1 structure. In reception, the method provides for reconstructing the signal with the complete regenaration of the payload and the correct structure of the AU-4 without incurring any parity control infringement.

Abstract: A network device identifies a non-adaptive flow as follows. The network device drops packets on a random basis using a Random Early Detection (RED) algorithm. A classifier reads indicia of a selected flow from at least one field of a header of a packet received by the network device. The network device calculates a drop interval for packets of the selected flow dropped by the RED algorithm, in response to a time at which the packets were dropped. The network device then applies a statistical test to drop intervals of a plurality of flows in order to identify the non-adaptive flow.

Abstract: In the GPRS, a method of decoding uplink status having reduced interleaving depth in a RLC/MAC block is proposed; for RT-EGPRS users, all of the uplink flag bits are provided in the first burst of the four bursts; and for EGPRS users, nine bits of the uplink status flags are provided in the first burst of the RLC/MAC block and the remaining bits in the next three bursts. On receiving the first nine bits, a mobile performs an autocorrelation to identify the USF whether it belongs to the EGPRS or to the RT-EGPRS group.

Abstract: A method and apparatus is described wherein users distribute communication objects and multimedia applications over a network communication system. The capabilities of the users terminals are established. A control system analyzes the capabilities of the terminals to establish a state in which the terminals will appear. Heuristics are used to establish a channel mode in corresponding terminals, the channel mode optimizes communications associated with the multimedia application between the terminals.

Abstract: A plurality of Integrated Devices are provided with an Internet connection and a telephone number. The telephone number has associated telephone connectivity via a telephone line, such that the Integrated Devices can be connected to by dialing the associated telephone number via telephones on the Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN). The Internet connection has an associated Internet protocol (IP) address which is dynamically assigned when one device calls the telephone number of a called device via the PSTN. The dynamically assigned IP address for a first one of the calling or called device is provided to the other device, which initiates an Internet connection between them by sending an Internet message to the dynamically assigned IP address of the first device. Local and intermediate proxy servers perform dynamic IP address management, providing privacy and security for user IP addresses and data transmissions.

Abstract: A routing scheme using intention packets is contemplated. At times, one or more switching devices within a network may become overloaded with traffic or may encounter other adverse transmission conditions. When this occurs, a switching device may drop one or more packets to alleviate some of the congestion or other adverse condition. The switching devices may support a particular amount of resources (e.g. bandwidth, buffers, etc.) in and out of each of their ports. When a packet or a header portion of a packet arrives at a switching device, the switching device may determine what port the packet will need and the amount resources required by the packet on that port. If the required resources available for the packet on the port, then the switching device may route the packet to a next device. If the required resources are not available for the packet on the port, then the switching device may drop at least a portion of the packet. As opposed to or in addition to congestion (e.g.

Abstract: A network switch, configured for performing layer 2 and layer 3 switching in an Ethernet (IEEE 802.3) network without blocking of incoming data packets, includes network switch ports, each including a packet classifier module configured for generating a packet signature based on information within a received data packet and hash action values specified within a user-programmable template. In particular, the network switch stores a plurality of user-programmable templates, each configured for identifying a corresponding class of data packet. Each user-programmable template includes hash action values specifying initiation and termination of a hash function based on a byte offset of a received data packet.

Abstract: The invention proposes a method and a unit for controlling the flow of at least one TCP connection between a sender and a receiver. The method is of the type which consists in controlling, at the level of a given multiplexing node through which TCP segments relevant to the connection pass, a window size parameter contained in acknowledgement segments sent back by the receiver.

Abstract: A system and method for allocating bandwidth in an asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) system over-allocates bandwidth in virtual paths for virtual path groups between ATM devices. A bandwidth allocation platform manages the virtual paths in the ATM system to control allocation and to prevent congestion, while providing efficient utilization of the bandwidth within the ATM system. The bandwidth allocation system over-allocates virtual paths for virtual path groups that require additional bandwidth to make connections for calls. When a connection is selected on the over-allocated virtual path, the virtual path may use bandwidth from another virtual path in the virtual path group or from a virtual path in another virtual path group if needed. A communication device transports user communications and call signaling for a call. A signaling processor processes the call signaling to select a connection in one of the over-allocated virtual paths for the call over the virtual path group.

Abstract: The present invention is a hybrid communications system (10) using satellite and terrestrial interfaces comprising an application server (12) with an application program (14) for the input of information by a user, the application server (12) being in electronic communication with a broadcast center (16), a communications satellite (18), an individual satellite dish (20), an integrated receiver decoder (22), and a Graphical User Interface (26) for a user to input information into the application program (14).

Abstract: A cell switch node (20) has a first switch plane (22); a second switch plane (24); a sender switch port interface unit (26S); and a receiver switch port interface unit (26R). The sender switch port interface unit sends maintenance cells to the receiver switch port interface unit via the first switch plane and the second switch plane. The maintenance cells are applied to the first switch plane and the second switch plane in a predetermined sequence. The receiver switch port interface unit detects an erroneous switch plane when the maintenance cells from the sender switch port interface unit do not arrive in the predetermined sequence.

Abstract: A method and apparatus is provided for managing bandwidth and prioritizing different forms of data to be transmitted from a central hub or node to a plurality of ground stations. All data of all types including image data and text data is processed into frames of TCP formatted data at the central hub or node and passed through a bandwidth flow control system which imposes flow control on the data. Some of the TCP formatted data has inserted therein a conversion flag which denotes a desire to convert the TCP formatted data into UDP formatted data. A computer or controller/converter reads the conversion flags and converts TCP formatted data into UDP formatted data for multi-broadcasting simultaneously to a plurality of ground stations which reduces bandwidth.

Abstract: When a base station and a plurality of terminal stations communicate with each other by radio, power control information for controlling electric power of a signal transmitted to the base station is multiplexed at the base station and transmission energy is adjusted such that total transmission energy of the multiplexed power control information becomes substantially a predetermined value if the total transmission energy of the multiplexed power control information is lower than a predetermined value. Therefore, information such as power control information that should be individually instructed to respective terminal stations can satisfactorily be transmitted by a simple arrangement and a simple processing.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for reuse of pseudo-random noise (PN) offsets within a cell of a wireless communication system such as a multi-sector CDMA system. Adaptive antenna arrays are employed to form the multiple sector areas within the CDMA cell. A forward link data channel is established between a mobile unit and a base station via sectors that share or reuse comment PN offsets, thereby providing desirable transmit diversity.

Abstract: An Al-coated steel sheet is improved in anti-scratching property during press-working and corrosion-resistance to a stored fuel by direct formation of an alkali-soluble resin film on an Al-coated steel sheet. An alkali-soluble resin, which can be dissolved in an alkali liquid of pH 9.0 or higher, is preferably urethane or acrylic resin with an acid value of 40-90 having a carboxyl group in its molecule. Alkali metal may be substituted for 1-50% hydrogen atom of the carboxyl group. A powdery synthetic resin at a ratio of 1-25 mass % and/or powdery silica at a ratio of 1-30 mass % may be dispersed in the resin film. The resin film is preferably of 0.2-5.0 ?m in thickness. After the Al-coated steel sheet is painted with the resin, it is shaped to upper and lower halves of a fuel tank and washed with an alkali to dissolve off the resin film. The upper and lower halves are welded together and coated with a paint at their external surfaces to fabricate a fuel tank.

Abstract: A signal transmission system of an OFDM using a plurality of carriers to transmit signal comprises a transmitting apparatus and a receiving apparatus. The receiving apparatus comprises an input unit for applying the OFDM signal from the transmitting apparatus; a fast Fourier transforming unit for separating the OFDM signal from the input unit into base-band signals including pilot signals; an interpolation unit for interpolating the pilot signals in a time-axis direction and a frequency-axis direction to calculate reference signal vectors of the carriers in which the pilot signals are not included; a demodulation unit for decoding to be produced as information codes; a delay a unit for adjusting a delay time of said base-band signals passing the delay unit; and a control unit coupled with the interpolation unit, for changing frequency band characteristics of the interpolation unit.

Abstract: A time division duplex using code division multiple access base station receives a plurality of data signals in a time slot. Each data signal experiences a similar channel response. The base station receives a combined signal over the shared spectrum in a time slot. The combined signal comprises the plurality of data signals. The combined signal is sampled at a multiple of a chip rate of the combined signal. The similar channel response is estimated. A channel response matrix or a channel correlation matrix is constructed based on in part the estimated channel response. A spread data vector is determined based on in part a fast fourier transform (FFT) decomposition of a circulant version of the channel response or channel correlation matrix. The spread data vector is despread to recover data from the matrix.

Abstract: The Fibre. Channel standard was created by the American National Standard for Information Systems (ANSI) X3T11 task group to define a serial I/O channel for interconnecting a number of heterogeneous peripheral devices to computer systems as well as interconnecting the computer systems themselves through optical fiber and copper media at gigabit speeds (i.e., one billion bits per second). Multiple protocols such as SCSI (Small Computer Serial Interface), IP (Internet Protocol), HIPPI, ATM (Asynchronous Transfer Mode) among others can concurrently utilize the same media when mapped over Fibre Channel. A Fibre Channel Fabric is an entity which transmits Fibre Channel frames between connected Node Ports. The Fibre Channel fabric routes the frames based on the destination address as well as other information embedded in the Fibre Channel frame header. Node Ports are attached to the Fibre Channel Fabric through links.

Abstract: An apparatus and method implement a No-Per-Connection-Timestamp Discrete-Rate Scheduler with Pivot Session which does not strictly require the computation and storage of any scheduling-related information per connection, not even a single bit, but only maintains one variable service rate and one timestamp per rate FIFO queue. In a first embodiment, the pivot-session-based scheduler does not make use of per-connection scheduling information, and further embodiments maintain a single scheduling-related bit per connection. The scheduler achieves near-optimal delay bounds, and fairness indices (both SFI and WFI) that are almost identical to those of the discrete-rate scheduler with per-connection timestamps.