Abstract: Methods and systems are provided to facilitate network egress fairness between applications. At an egress port of a network, an arbitrator can provide fairness-based traffic shaping to data associated with applications. The desired fairness-based traffic shaping can be provided based on bandwidth, traffic classes, or other parameters. Consequently, the egress link's bandwidth can be allocated with fairness among the applications.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for decoding received uplink transmissions. In an embodiment, a method includes receiving a stream having data LLRs and second channel state information (CSI2) LLRs, and separating the data LLRs into a data stream and the CSI2 LLRs into a CSI2 stream based on configuration parameters. The method also includes decoding the data stream to generate decoded data, and decoding the CSI2 stream to generate decoded CSI2 information. An apparatus includes a first LLR preprocessor that receives a stream having data LLRs and second channel state information (CSI2) LLRs and separates the data LLRs into a data stream, and a second LLR preprocessor that receives the stream and separates the CSI2 LLRs into a CSI2 stream. The apparatus also includes a data decoder that decodes the data stream to generate decoded data, and a CSI2 decoder that decodes the CSI2 stream to generate decoded CSI2 information.

Abstract: A system and method for bandwidth management by controlling the bit rate of a signal stream in real time according to available link bandwidth. Applications include multiple-channel video data streams over a limited-bandwidth link such as a Digital Subscriber Line. A video signal is transrated at the head end to multiple streams having different bit rates, by a multirating device which sends the multiple streams over a network, along with metadata containing information about the data structure and parameters of the streams. At the network access edge, a demultirating device uses the metadata to select the stream with the highest video quality whose bit rate does not exceed the available bandwidth of the end-user's access link. This scheme provides multiple unicast signals to different end-users in place of a single multicast signal, supports multiple high-definition channels over a limited bandwidth link, and is compatible with standard encryption methods.

Abstract: Example methods and systems for logical network packet handling are described. In one example, a physical network interface controller (PNIC) may receive an ingress encapsulated packet associated with a packet flow via a physical network. The ingress encapsulated packet may include an outer header and an inner packet that is destined for a virtualized computing instance. The ingress encapsulated packet may be steered towards a processing pipeline for processing to generate a processed packet. The processing pipeline may include (a) retrieving a logical network policy associated with the packet flow from a datastore on the PNIC; and (b) performing decapsulation to remove the outer header and one or more actions on the inner packet according to the logical network policy. The processed packet may be forwarded towards the virtualized computing instance via a virtual function supported by the PNIC or a physical network connected to the PNIC.

Abstract: Exemplary embodiments pertain to a switching device, to a network access point, to a system, to a process and to a computer program for a switching device. The switching device (10) for coupling a network (200) and a medical device (300) comprises a first interface (12) for the communication with the network (200) and a second interface (14) for the communication with the medical device (300). The switching device 10 further comprises a control module (16) for controlling the first and second interfaces (12; 14). The control module (16) is configured to send data packets between the network (200) and the medical device (300) via the first and second interfaces (12; 14) and to send location information of the switching device (10) to the medical device (300) at regular intervals. The control module (16) is configured to send the data packets according to a permanently predefined switching instruction.

Abstract: A control information utilization method and an apparatus of a terminal with heterogenous technology communication modules operating in a same frequency band are provided to protect against unnecessary battery power consumption. A control information reception method of a terminal includes receiving control information from a base station using a first module, determining a channel occupancy time based on the control information using a licensed assisted access (LAA) radio identifier, and transferring the channel occupancy time to a second module that is operating in a same frequency band as the first module.

Abstract: A wireless transmit receive unit (WTRU) may be configured to transmit uplink control information such as Hybrid Automatic Retransmission Request (HARQ) Acknowledgement or Negative Acknowledgement (ACK/NACK) using a sequence. The HARQ ACK/NACK may comprise one bit or two bits of information, and the WTRU may use a cyclic shift of the sequence to transmit the HARQ ACK/NACK. The WTRU may use different cyclic shifts of the sequence to transmit different HARQ ACK/NACK values and the cyclic shifts may be separated from each other in a manner to facilitate the transmissions. The WTRU may be further configured to receive, from a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH), an indication of a resource block for transmitting the HARQ ACK/NACK.

Abstract: Provided is a Routing Early Warning System (“REWS”) that preemptively detects and corrects network issues based on control plane messaging. REWS receives control plane messages for network paths to a source node, groups the control plane messages to different bins based on time, detects an anomaly based on a number of a first set of control plane messages grouped to a particular bin differing, by a threshold amount, from a steady state number of control plane messages grouped to at least one other bin, and isolates a cause of the anomaly based on a number of updated paths and addressing of one or more nodes specified in the first set of control plane messages. REWS modifies routing of the source node data plane traffic before the anomaly significant impacts the data plane in response to detecting the anomaly and isolating the anomaly cause using the control plane messages.

Abstract: In general, the disclosure relates to a method for redirecting a user to a captive portal. The method includes trapping an incoming frame originating from a host, where the incoming frame comprises a L2 header and a payload, wherein the payload specifies information associated with an external server, wherein the user of the host has not been authenticated by the captive portal at a time when the incoming frame is trapped, extracting the L2 header, an L3 header, and the payload from the incoming frame, forwarding the L3 header and the payload towards a redirection server executing on the network device, wherein the redirection server is configured to generate a redirection response based on the payload; encapsulating the redirection response to obtain an L3 response packet, encapsulating the L3 response packet using information from the L2 header to obtain an output frame, and transmitting the output frame towards the host.

Abstract: High-frequency communications in 5G and especially 6G will require precise synchronization of user devices with the base station, including setting the user device clock time and clock rate. The base station can assist user devices by periodically providing a guard-space timestamp point, at which a phase or amplitude of the timing signal abruptly changes in the middle of the guard-space of a particular resource element or a particular OFDM symbol. A receiver can determine precisely the time of arrival of the timestamp point, and correct its clock setting to agree with the time of the timestamp point. The receiver can then provide uplink messages aligned with the base station's clock, by adding a previously determined timing advance to each uplink transmission. In addition, the user device can measure two guard-space timing signals with a predetermined separation, thereby adjusting the clock rate.

Abstract: Embodiments include methods performed by a processor of a mobile device for allocating resources to a plurality of mobile devices in communication with an Edge network. The processor may receive from the plurality of mobile devices one or more capabilities of each mobile device related to a computing task in which the plurality of mobile devices are participating. The processor may determine a fairness result for the plurality of computing devices based on the one or more capabilities of each mobile device and the computing task. The processor may allocate resources to each of the plurality of mobile devices based on the determined fairness result.

Abstract: A method includes intercepting a first data packet being transmitted from a domain name system (DNS) server to a first client device, the first data packet being a DNS response, extracting a first internet protocol (IP) address and a first hostname from the first data packet, and storing the first IP address and the first hostname in a first entry of an identification table.

Abstract: Programming routers in a network is accomplished using a global network manager and a plurality of local network managers. The global network manager analyzes an entire network and demand matrix in order to provide restrictions and recommendations that are communicated to a set of the local network managers. The local network managers can use the restrictions and recommendations to make local routing decisions defining a percentage of traffic routed to each neighboring node. The local network manager collects traffic metrics, such as local topology and traffic information by measuring the capacity available to reach any neighboring node. The local network manager uses the metrics in combination with the restrictions and recommendations from the global manager to make decisions on how to route network traffic.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a transmission control method, a node, a network system, and a storage medium. The transmission control method includes encapsulating, by a node, overlay service identification information corresponding to a packet in the packet, and transmitting, by the node, the packet to a next hop using an underlay network resource dedicated to a service corresponding to the overlay service identification information.

Abstract: A method for operating an appliance, the appliance including a user interface and a wireless connection module. The method includes establishing a wireless connection between the appliance and a wireless network via the wireless connection module, determining that the appliance is communicating with a remote server via the wireless connection module in response to establishing the wireless connection, and disabling a disconnect button on the user interface for disconnecting the appliance from the wireless connection in response to determining the communication between the appliance and the remote server.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention provide a method for processing a rate group, a method for charging for a data service, and a related device and system, so as to enable a charging system to accurately charge for the data service when the rate group changes. The method includes: determining, by a gateway device, whether a rate group of a service data stream changes; and if the rate group of the service data stream changes, reporting, by the gateway device, charging data to the charging system, so that the charging system performs charging according to the charging data, where the charging data includes service usage information and a reporting reason for reporting the charging data, and the reporting reason indicates a change of the rate group.

Abstract: A method for operating a first network device of a communications network, wherein the method comprises: determining or receiving, by means of an ingress interface, an ingress data stream comprising payload data to be transmitted towards a second network device; determining or receiving, by means of a correlation observer, at least one correlation value for a plurality of communication paths between the first network device and the second network device, wherein each of the plurality of communication paths comprises a different one of a plurality of physical channels; determining, by means of a multi-connectivity controller, a plurality of egress data streams in dependence on the at least one correlation value and in dependence on the ingress data stream; and transmitting, via a respective one of a plurality of egress queues, wherein each egress data stream is associated with a different one of the plurality of paths.

Abstract: This document describes systems and techniques directed at concurrent communication in multiple time-division duplex (TDD) bands. As new industry standards (e.g., the Fifth Generation New Radio (5G NR) standard) are being implemented, more TDD bands are becoming available for wireless communications. Generally, manufacturers will add additional antenna systems for each TDD band, but this method may become costly and need extra space, which is already limited, within the user device In various aspects, the concurrent communication system includes a radio frequency (RF) modem module configured to operate on multiple TDD bands, which may include bands that are located near each other on the RF spectrum. The concurrent communication system further includes transceiver circuitry with at least one transmission chain and at least four reception chains. The architecture of this system offers an efficient and inexpensive way to communicate on at least two TDD bands concurrently with reduced hardware cost.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a device clusters traffic characteristics of traffic associated with a plurality of online applications into one or more clusters. The device determines representative traffic characteristics for a particular cluster in the one or more clusters. The device generates, based on the representative traffic characteristics, a probing strategy for the plurality of online applications associated with the particular cluster. The device causes path probes to be sent along one or more network paths in accordance with the probing strategy.

Abstract: Techniques for utilizing edge nodes disposed throughout a multi-site cloud computing network to generate a probe packet including indicators that guarantee the use of forward and return route paths to accurately measure the network performance of a route path between two endpoints in a wide area network (WAN). An edge node disposed in a site of the multi-site cloud computing network may store in virtual memory associated with the edge node, a mapping between route paths, usable to send data from the edge node to remote edge nodes in remote sites, and route indicators. A probe packet may include a data portion for measuring the network performance of a route path, a portion including local and remote discriminators, and/or an inner and an outer header.