Abstract: There is a structure element, in particular for radiation shielding constructions, having at least one floor plate and at least one wall section and/or at least one ceiling section. The structure element is characterized in that the at least one wall section and/or the at least one ceiling section comprise/comprises at least two shell elements made from metal, plastic and/or wood and a layer which lies in between and is made from radiation shielding materials. In addition, a construction, in particular a radiation shielding construction, is proposed having at least one floor plate and/or ceiling plate which delimits a storey and a structure element described above.

Abstract: In an apparatus for measuring an intensity of an electron beam, the electron beam is made incident a fluorescent screen and a part of the incident electron beam is converted into an optical image, and the optical image formed on the fluorescent screen is picked-up by a television camera by a reflection mirror having a central hole and being inclined with respect to a direction into which the optical image is made incident upon the reflection mirror. A part of the electron beam transmitted through the fluorescent screen and passing through the central hole of the reflection mirror is made incident upon a Faraday case, which generates an electric current representing an intensity of the electron beam impinging upon the fluorescent screen.

Abstract: An apparatus for determining crystallographic characteristics of a specimen having at least one crystal includes an electron beam generator, a beam deflector for adjusting the tilt and azimuth angles of the electron beam relative to the specimen, a stage for holding the specimen, an image collection system for obtaining a plurality of dark field images, a data store, and a processor for processing the dark field images to identify a plurality of crystal lattice planes associated with the crystals. The dark field images are obtained under different electron beam tilt and azimuth deflection conditions. The bright pixels in each dark field image are identified and utilized to determine the spatial location and orientation of the crystal lattice planes and the crystals themselves. An orientation image is produced that represents the orientation of the crystals within the specimen.

Abstract: A charging apparatus wherein a back plate forming a back portion of a shielding member surrounding a discharging wire has an elongate opening for guiding a cleaning member for cleaning and defining a cleaning region of the wire and a cam groove communicating the elongate opening for separating the cleaning member from the wire. The distance between the discharging wire and a side plate of the shielding member is larger than the distance between the discharging wire and the back plate.

Abstract: A corona discharge device including a shield case having a bottom wall and a pair of walls extending from both side ends of the bottom wall and a wire stretched within the shield case. A guide member for preventing entry of a sheet material into the shield case has a guide arm portion extending across an opening of the shield case, and the free end portion of the guide arm portion is kept in elastic press contact with the wall of the shield case. Furthermore, the guide member for preventing entry of the sheet material into the shield case has one end portion fixed to one wall of the shield case and its other end portion detachably anchored selectively at one wall and the other wall of the shield case.

Abstract: A device for irradiating liquids including a hollow tube capable of transmitting selected wavelengths of light, a drive motor connected to rotate the tube at a desired speed, a support associated with the tube to permit rotation thereof, one or more elongated light producing lamps exteriorly positioned about the tube, the lamps producing light capable of transmission through the cylinder without undue attenuation, a support for the exterior lamps, one or more elongated light producing lamps interiorly positioned about the tube, and a support for the interior lamps.

Abstract: A copying machine for making a hard copy of an original comprises an image sensor for reading an image of the original to provide image signals, a memory for memorizing the image signals after or before processing the image signals for necessary corrections, and a printer for printing an image on a copying sheet according to the image signal after image processing. Preferably, a thermal printing head and a heat sensitive sheet are used. The copying machine is compact and either is incorporated in a portable overhead projector or is used as a writing board copy machine. In the former case, the image sensor is disposed in a supporting arm for supporting an image projection lens assembly above a base section of the overhead projector on which a transparent original is placed.