Abstract: Provided are a biomarker for evaluating a cerebral A? accumulation state using an amyloid precursor protein (APP)-derived peptide in a living body-derived sample as an index, and a method for analysis thereof. A living body-derived sample derived from a test subject is measured, and at least one ratio selected from the group consisting of APP669-711/APP672-713 (A?1-42); APP672-709 (A?1-38)/APP672-713 (A?1-42); APP674-711 (A?3-40)/APP672-713 (A?1-42); APP672-710 (A?1-39)/APP672-713 (A?1-42); APP672-711 (A?1-40)/APP672-713 (A?1-42); and APP672-711 (OxA?1-40)/APP672-713 (A?1-42) is calculated, and when each of the ratios of the test subject is higher than each of standard levels which are ratios of a person having normal cognitive function NC? who is negative for cerebral A? accumulation, an accumulation amount of cerebral A? of the test subject is determined as larger than an accumulation amount of cerebral A? of the person having normal cognitive function NC?.

Abstract: The present invention identifies biomarkers that are diagnostic of nerve cell injury and/or neuronal disorders. Detection of different biomarkers of the invention are also diagnostic of the degree of severity of nerve injury, the cell(s) involved in the injury, and the subcellular localization of the injury.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides monoclonal antibodies that bind ?-Synuclein. In certain aspects, the antibodies preferentially bind to ?-Synuclein fibrils over ?-Synuclein monomer. In other aspects, the invention comprises a method of treating ?-Synucleopathic disease in a subject, comprising administering any of the antibodies of the invention to the subject. In yet other aspects, the invention comprises methods of detecting ?-Synuclein fibrils using any of the antibodies of the invention.

Abstract: The present invention concerns peptides and nucleic acids encoding the peptides, and their use for modulating large conductance Ca2+ activated K+ (BK) channel activity in cells; for treating conditions such as presbycusis (age-related hearing loss), audiogenic seizures, alcohol addiction, cancer, and neurodegenerative disease; and for delivering a cargo moiety to the brain of a subject through the blood-brain barrier.

Abstract: Provided are agents that specifically bind a ligand of ciliary neurotrophic factor receptor (CNTFR). In certain aspects, an agent of the present disclosure is a soluble CNTFR polypeptide. The soluble CNTFR polypeptide may have an altered (e.g., reduced) binding affinity for one or more ligand-CNTFR complex subunits, an altered (e.g., increased) binding affinity for one or more CNTFR ligands, or any combination thereof. Compositions that include the agents of the present disclosure are also provided, as are methods of using the agents (e.g., for treating a cell proliferative disorder) and methods of identifying an individual as having a cell proliferative disorder associated with CNTFR signaling.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of producing more mature telencephalon or a progenitor tissue thereof, in vitro, from mammalian pluripotent stem cells, comprising obtaining a telencephalon marker-positive aggregate by culturing an aggregate of pluripotent stem cells in suspension in the presence of a Wnt signal inhibitor and a TGF? signal inhibitor, and further culturing the telencephalon marker-positive aggregate in suspension under a high oxygen partial pressure condition. In one embodiment, the suspension culture under a high oxygen partial pressure condition is performed in the presence of a Wnt signal enhancer and a bone morphogenetic factor signal transduction pathway activating substance.

Abstract: The present invention relates to diagnostic methods, reagents, and kits for detecting and diagnosing Early Stage Parkinson's disease.

Abstract: Provided are ciliary neurotrophic factor receptor (CNTFR) ligands. In certain aspects, a CNTFR ligand of the present disclosure exhibits increased affinity for CNTFR relative to the corresponding wild-type CNTFR ligand. In certain aspects, a CNTFR ligand of the present disclosure results in reduced binding affinity of glycoprotein 130 (gp130), leukemia inhibitory factor receptor (LIFR), or both, for a complex including the CNTFR ligand and CNTFR, relative to the binding affinity for a complex including the corresponding wild-type CNTFR ligand and CNTFR. In certain aspects, a CNTFR ligand of the present disclosure has both of the aforementioned properties. Also provided are pharmaceutical compositions including the CNTFR ligands, as well as methods of using the CNTFR ligands.

Abstract: Described herein are methods, systems and compositions for the diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of dementia and Alzheimer's disease. Also described are methods, systems and compositions to distinguish between Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. In various embodiments levels of PACAP and/or SIRT3 are analyzed for the diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of dementia and Alzheimer's disease.

Abstract: The invention provides methods for the treatment of neonatal hypoxia and associated white matter disease or injury, particularly in infant, including neonatal, animals, particularly Periventricular Leukomalacia (PVL) comprising administering one or more CNS reactive antibody, particularly selected from IgM12, IgM22, IgM42 and IgM46. Compositions for use in treatment of white matter disease or injury in infants, particularly PVL are provided. The invention provides methods for alleviation of neuromotor or neurodevelopmental deficits associated with neonatal hypoxia and associated with white matter injury, including PVL, in an infant.

Abstract: The present disclosure is generally directed to compositions that include antibodies, e.g., monoclonal, chimeric, humanized antibodies, antibody fragments, etc., that specifically bind one or more epitopes within a CD33 protein, e.g., human CD33 or a mammalian CD33, and use of such compositions in preventing, reducing risk, or treating an individual in need thereof.

Abstract: The present invention provides detection reagents and method for determining risk of traumatic brain injury (TBI), assessment of the amount of neuronal damage, and/or susceptibility to neurodegenerative disease in a subject.

Abstract: Dosing regimens and methods are disclosed for upregulating protein kinase C (PKC) while reducing subsequent downregulation, com-prising administering a PKC activator once a week for three consecutive weeks followed by cessation of administration or dosing for three consecut-ive weeks. Also described are methods for improving or enhancing cognitive ability, preventing or treating cognitive impairment, preventing or treating a neurodegenerative disease or condition, and/or preventing or treating a dis-ease or condition associated with neuronal or synaptic loss according to the disclosed regimens.

Abstract: The invention concerns a method for detecting indicators for determining diseases (disease indicators), in which aggregates of misfolded proteins play a role, and a method for selective quantitation and/or characterization of these disease indicators.

Abstract: Disclosed herein, inter alia, are FOXM1 modulators and methods for modulating the activity of androgen receptors in neuronal cells to treat various diseases, such as spinal-bulbar muscular atrophy, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and Alzheimer's disease.

Abstract: The present invention relates, in part, to isolated antibodies that specifically interact with and show measurable binding affinity to an epitope of the amyloid-beta (A?) protein. Such antibodies may be used for the modulation of A? activity and/or aggregation or amyloidosis, to study the effects of the A? protein on cell function and, in certain embodiments, for the treatment and/or prevention of a disease or condition associated with A? activity, aggregation, and/or amyloidosis.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides monoclonal antibodies that bind ?-Synuclein. In certain aspects, the antibodies preferentially bind to ?-Synuclein fibrils over ?-Synuclein monomer. In other aspects, the invention comprises a method of treating ?-Synucleopathic disease in a subject, comprising administering any of the antibodies of the invention to the subject. In yet other aspects, the invention comprises methods of detecting ?-Synuclein fibrils using any of the antibodies of the invention.

Abstract: The present disclosure is generally directed to compositions that include antibodies, e.g., monoclonal, chimeric, humanized antibodies, antibody fragments, etc., that specifically bind one or more epitopes within a CD33 protein, e.g., human CD33 or a mammalian CD33, and use of such compositions in preventing, reducing risk, or treating an individual in need thereof.

Abstract: The present invention relates to variable domains of a camelid heavy-chain antibodies directed against a phosphorylated tau protein and conjugates thereof. The present invention also relates to the use of these domains or conjugates for treating or diagnosing disorders mediated by neurofibrillary tangles, neuropil threads or dystrophic neurites, such as tauopathies.

Abstract: The invention relates to an antibody which binds to myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG), an antibody fragment thereof, a hybridoma which produces the antibody or the antibody fragment, a nucleic acid containing a nucleotide sequence which encodes the antibody or the antibody fragment, a transformant cell containing a vector containing the nucleic acid, a method for producing the antibody or the antibody fragment, a composition containing the antibody or the antibody fragment and a method for detecting or measuring an antigen that is present in the brain, a method for diagnosing or treating a brain disease, a method for improving the property of an antibody of accumulating in the brain and a method for increasing the amount of an antibody in the brain which use the antibody or the antibody fragment.