Abstract: A tundish for continuous casting of molten metal having an outer metal casing and, adjacent the casing, a permanent refractory lining is provided with an inner, expendable lining comprising refractory, heat-insulating slabs having an erosion resistant backing layer and an inward facing layer of lower density than that of the backing layer.The density of the facing layer is at least 0.2 g/cm.sup.3 but not more than 85% of the density of the backing layer. The presence of the inward facing layer exerts less chilling effect on the molten metal poured into the tundish than if the slab consisted of the backing layer alone.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for directly observing the slag-foaming conditions in a vessel interior.A device for observing the vessel interior light is disposed in a throughhole extending through the side wall of a top-blowing or top- and bottom-blowing converter to reach the vessel interior. The converter operation can be carried out at a high accuracy on the basis of this observation.

Abstract: Copper alloy lead materials used in the fabrication of semiconductor devices such as ICs and LSIs are required to have a tensile strength of 40 kgf/mm.sup.2 or more, an elongation of 4% or more, an electrical conductivity of 50% IACS or more, and a softening point of 400.degree. C. or higher.The copper alloy lead material of the present invention exhibits even higher degrees of tensile strength and elongation and yet satisfy the values of electrical conductivity and softening point that are required for Cu alloy lead materials to be used with ordinary semiconductor devices. Therefore, the Cu alloy lead material of the present invention is applicable not only to ordinary semiconductor devices but also to those with higher packing densities while displaying equally superior performance.

Abstract: A copper base lead material for leads of a semiconductor device, which consists essentially of from 0.05 to 0.25 percent by weight tin, from 0.01 to 0.2 percent by weight silver, from 0.025 to 0.1 percent by weight phosphorus, from 0.05 to 0.2 percent by weight magnesium, and the balance of copper and inevitable impurities, wherein the P/Mg ratio is within a range from 0.5 to 0.85, preferably within a range from 0.60 to 0.85, so as to form a compound of magnesium and phosphorus or Mg.sub.3 P.sub.2. The copper base lead material possesses satisfactory properties required of a metal material for leads in semiconductor devices, such as strength, thermal resistance, and stampability, and further possesses excellent heat radiation to an extent suitable for use as leads of semiconductor devices having high wiring densities. The invention also includes the semiconductor device containing said leads.

Abstract: Cast iron selected from the group consisting of white iron, compacted graphite iron, malleable iron, gray iron, and ductile iron is cast in a mold in which steel or metal, such as a tube defines a portion of the mold form.

Abstract: The detection device comprises at least two electrically conductive elements (2, 4) arranged outside the refractory brick (1), at least one (4) of the two conductive elements from the rear face of the brick to a predetermined distance from the front face, in contact with the liquid metal, and the two conductive elements being connected to an electrical detection circuit (8, 9), in such a way that when the wear of the brick (1) reaches the end of the conductive element (4) the two conductive elements (2, 4) are put into contact with one another by the liquid metal, and this can be detected on the indicator instrument (9).The invention is used especially in steel metallurgy.

Abstract: An amorphous metal laminate sheet having an excellent electromagnetic wave-shielding effect including a core layer containing at least one amorphous metal sheet layer which may be plated with an electroconductive metal, at least one flexible polymeric coating layer laminated on at least one surface of the amorphous metal-coating core layer, and optionally, at least one reinforcing fibrous fabric layer.

Abstract: Manipulator for guiding of devices for treatment of heats in furnaces, ladles and the like, e.g. lances for injection of oxygen through a door (3) of an electromelting furnace, consisting of a feed table (19), on which one or several devices (24,29) are arranged displaceable mechanically guided in its length direction by means of one or several feed devices, at which the feed table (19) is movable mechanically guided between an advanced position at a work point (14), where the feed table (19) is immediately in front of the furnace door (3) or the like, at which the devices (24,29) can be inserted into the furnace (2) and possibly lowered down into the heat, and a retracted position, where the feed table (19) is removed from the furnace door (3).

Abstract: A method for actuating a member made of shape memory alloy, including stressing the shape memory alloy member so that its Ms point becomes positioned between its As point and its Af point, and applying a pulsed supply of electricity to it to heat it up is disclosed. The voltage and the duty factor d of the pulsed supply of electricity ensure that the relations .theta.ha greater than -.theta.ca and "d" less than or equal to .theta..sub.cc /(.theta.cc -.theta.hb ) are satisfied, where .theta..sub.ha is the heating speed of the shape memory alloy member in the region below its As point, .theta.hb is the heating speed of the shape memory alloy member in the region between its As point and its Af point, .theta..sub.cc is the cooling speed of the shape memory alloy member in the region above its Ms point, and .theta.ca is the cooling speed of the shape memory alloy member in the region below its Mf point.

Abstract: A pair of refractory plates includes a stationary bottom plate having a discharge opening and a movable plate having two discharge openings. The movable plate is mounted for sliding movement with respect to the bottom plate about a center of rotation between a center closed position and opposite open positions. The discharge openings of the movable and bottom plates are centered on a common circular arc centered about the center of rotation, and the discharge openings of the movable plate are positioned symmetrically on opposite sides of the discharge opening of the bottom plate in the closed position. The bottom plate has a second discharge opening at a position between the circular arc and the center of rotation. The discharge openings of the bottom plate are centered on a radial line extending from the center of rotation and intersecting the circular arc, such radial line corresponding to a radial center line between the discharge openings of the movable plate in the closed position.

Abstract: A furnace probe is introduced transversely into a furnace through a support block and a sealing packing. In order to reduce the influence of distortions on the packing and support elements, a carriage is slidably mounted along a frame and is provided with at least one stirrup mounted thereon so as to be pivotable about a horizontal axis at right angles to the direction of a device for gripping the probe and driving it in the probe insertion direction when the carriage is moved in the direction of the furnace.

Abstract: A vertical conduit extends from the bottom of a ladle containing molten metal and terminates at a lower end above a tundish for receiving the molten metal. A vertical shroud encloses the vertical conduit from a location above the conduits's lower end, and the shroud extends into the tundish. A nozzle extends into the interior of the shroud for feeding alloying ingredient, as shot, into a stream of the molten metal, within the shroud. Structure is provided for circulating a cooling fluid through the nozzle. The nozzle is connected to flexible feed lines for transporting shot and cooling fluid to the nozzle. Additional structure is provided for preventing the flexible feed lines from bending, twisting, kinking or the like when the nozzle, shroud and vertical conduit are rotated about a vertical axis spaced from the center line of the vertical conduit.

Abstract: A ceramic-metal composite body including (a) a ceramic member, (b) a ferrous metal member bonded to the ceramic member, (c) an intermediate metallic member joined to the iron base member, and (d) an aluminum member bonded to the intermediate metallic member. The ceramic member and the aluminum member are integrally joined through the ferrous metal member and the intermediate metallic member.

Abstract: A method for resisting corrosion while conducting a flow of hot corrosive geothermal fluid, particularly brine, comprises flowing the fluid through fluid flow conducting elements, such as production pipe and fittings formed from a metastable beta titanium-base alloy. Preferably the element is formed of a beta and alpha titanium-base alloy formed by heating a particular composition to form a metastable beta titanium matrix and then heat treating the matrix to increase the tensile strength of the matrix by at least about 10,000 psi with a total minimum ultimate tensile strength being about 170,000 psi. The particular composition is comprised essentially of between about 2 and about 10 weight percent of one or more beta eutectoid elements selected from the group consisting of iron, manganese, chromium and cobalt, with weight percentage limits in each such individual element being respectively about 5, about 5.5, about 9 and about 4.

Abstract: A powder having a predetermined composition is filled in a tube. The tube is drawn to obtain a wire and the wire is rolled to obtain a tape-like starting body. Then, a laser beam is irradiated on the part of the tape to heat and melt the part of the tape. The starting body is rapidly heated and then cooled, thereby the part of the starting body is melted and solidified to form a compound superconductor layer.

Abstract: Novel amorphous metal alloy electrodes have the formulaePt.sub.p A.sub.a D.sub.dwhereA is Ir, Pd, Rh, Ru and mixtures thereof;D is B, Al, As, P, Sb, Ge, Sn, Si and mixtures thereof;p is from about 40 to 92 percent;a is from about 1 to 40 percent;d is from about 8 to 40 percent; and p+a+d=100; andNi.sub.n E.sub.e F.sub.f G.sub.gwhereE is Mo, W and mixtures thereof;F is Pt, Pd, Rh, Ir, Cr and mixtures thereof;G is Al, Ga and mixtures thereof;n is from about 30 to 90 percent;e is from about 10 to 50 percent;f is from about 0 to 25 percent;g is from about 10 to 40 percent; and n+e+f+g=100.These electrodes are useful for hydrogen formation and oxidation and operate at lower potentials than existing electrodes.

Abstract: A lance for blow-refinement in a converter comprises a primary nozzle generating a high-velocity, high-pressure primary oxygen jet, and an auxiliary nozzle generating an auxiliary oxygen jet. The auxiliary oxygen jet formed by the auxiliary nozzle has a velocity lower than the speed of sound. The auxiliary nozzle is configured so as to impede but not prevent oxygen flow therethrough. In the preferred construction, deceleration of gas-metal reaction induced by the oxygen jet.

Abstract: A flushing arrangement for a metallurgical vessel having a metal outer shell, a bottom lined with a permanent lining, on which adjacently arranged refractory bricks are applied as working lining, and pipes inserted in recesses of the bricks at predetermined sites and having flat cross sections, through which flush gas flows. In order to provide a flushing means that is simple to produce and install and offers a great safety with regard to a melt breakthrough, a rigid supply pipe for flush gas is led through the metal outer shell, reaching into the permanent lining. To its end lying in the permanent lining, at least two, yet at most four, distributing pipes are welded. They diverge from the end of the supply pipe and pass over into straight pipe sections arranged in recesses of the bricks of the working lining. The distributing pipes that are connected to one supply pipe each enclose one brick.

Abstract: Refractory erosion detection devices are positioned in the refractory lining of metallurgical vessels, such as ladles and refractory stirring plugs incorporated in such vessels through which stirring gas is directed, comprise metal rods positioned in the upper or outer portions of the refractory bodies with their inner ends spaced from the opposite surfaces of the refractory body so that molten metal introduced into the metallurgical vessels erodes the refractory bodies and the metal rod to a point where the complete erosion and absence of the metal rods visually indicates the pre-determined thickness of the remaining refractory bodies indicating the need of replacement of the same.

Abstract: Apparatus includes a chamber with an inner and outer sidewall wherein fluxing gas inlets are provided on the inner sidewall and a space is provided between the inner and outer sidewall with a heating element and an air space between the heating element and the inner sidewall for providing uniform heating of the inner sidewall.