Abstract: The invention relates to trisubstituted sulfohalides, the process for their preparation and their use as intermediate products for the manufacture of novel compounds.The trisubstituted sulfohalides according to the invention correspond to the following general formula (I): ##STR1## in which: X is a halogen atom, particularly bromine or preferably chlorine;R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 each represent, independently of one another, a lower alkyl radical having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, A represents hydrogen, halogen, alkoxy radicals having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, alkylsulfonyl groups having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, or the group NO.sub.2, or CF.sub.3.The invention is useful in the manufacture of medicaments.

Abstract: Angelic acid or esters thereof which are useful as perfume materials are prepared by isomerizing tiglic acid or an ester thereof with an organic sulfinic acid as the catalyst, and novel esters of angelic acid represented by the formula ##STR1## wherein R represents 3-hexenyl, 3-methyl-2-butenyl, 3-methyl-3-butenyl, 3-methyl-2-pentenyl, 3-methyl-4-pentenyl, CH.sub.3 (CH.sub.2).sub.l - (in which l is an integer from 5 to 9), cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, 2-methylpentyl, .alpha.-methylbenzyl, neryl or furfuryl are provided as part of said esters of angelic acid.

Abstract: A novel fluorinated copolymer is prepared by copolymerization of a fluorinated olefin with a novel sulfur containing fluorinated vinylether of the formula: ##STR1## wherein k is 0 or 1 and l is an integer of 3 to 5, which is prepared from starting materials which are also novel. Said copolymer is useful for preparation of a fluorinated cation exchange membrane having carboxylic acid groups and/or sulfonic acid groups which can be used advantageously in electrolysis of an aqueous alkali metal halide solution with improved electrolysis performance.

Abstract: A process for the production of N-(2-methyl-4-chlorophenyl)-formamidine derivatives of formula ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is hydrogen or an alkyl radical having 1 to 4 carbon atoms and R.sub.2 is an alkyl radical having 1 to 4 carbon atoms is disclosed which comprises reacting an N-substituted formamide with an inorganic acid chloride, such as phosphorus oxychloride, thionylchloride and phosgene, condensing the intermediate formed with o-toluidine and subsequently chlorinating the N-(2-methylphenyl)-formamidine derivative formed, all reaction steps involved in said process being carried out in the same solvent which is selected from the group of halogenated hydrocarbons.

Abstract: An ester interchange process, preferably for the formation of vinyl higher esters from methyl acrylate or methacrylate, is conducted in the presence of a novel alcoholate of the formula[M.sup.1 (OR.sup.4).sub.2-a R.sub.a.sup.6 ].sub.x [M.sup.2 (OR.sup.4).sub.n-b R.sub.b.sup.6 ].sub.y IwhereinM.sup.1 is selected from Mg, Ca and BaM.sup.2 is selected from Ti, Zr and Aln is 3 or 4 and is the valency of M.sup.2a is a number from 0 to 1.5b is a number from 0 to 0.75nx+Y=1 and each is a number from 0.005 to 0.995 and is such that the compound is liquid at 30.degree.0 C.R.sup.4 is selected from alkyl having at least 4 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl having at least 4 carbon atoms and aminoalkyl, andeach group R.sup.6 is individually selected from C.sub.1-3 alkoxy and blocking groups that are substantially less reactive in the ester interchange reaction than the groups OR.sup.4.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the preparation of acetic anhydride by carbonylation. In the process, carbon monoxide is reacted with methyl acetate in an anhydrous medium, in the liquid phase, in the presence of an effective amount of nickel, methyl iodide, a quaternary ammonium or quaternary phosphonium iodide and a lithium salt, the reaction medium initially containing acetic anhydride, if desired.

Abstract: Compounds having the formula: ##STR1## where X is F or Cl, and a process for the preparation of such compounds.

Abstract: The invention concerns novel compounds of the formula I ##STR1## wherein: m is an integer selected from 1 to 4;n is zero or an integer selected from 1 to 4;X are selected from halogen, nitro, cyano, alkyl, substituted alkyl, hydroxy, alkoxy, alkylthio, sulfamoyl, substituted sulfamoyl, amino, substituted amino, the group --(CH.sub.2).sub.p C(.dbd.A)Z in which p is zero or one A is oxygen or sulfur, and Z is hydrogen, hydroxy, alkoxy, alkylthio, alkyl, substituted alkyl, amino or substituted amino, the group --NHC(.dbd.B)NR.sup.7 R.sup.8 in which B is oxygen or sulfur and R.sup.7 and R.sup.8 are hydrogen or alkyl;R.sup.1 is selected from hydrogen, acyl and an inorganic or organic cation;R.sup.2 is selected from alkyl, substituted alkyl, alkenyl, haloalkenyl, alkynyl and haloalkynyl;R.sup.3 is selected from alkyl, fluoroalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, and phenyl; andR.sup.4 is selected from hydrogen, halogen, alkyl, cyano and alkoxycarbonyl.

Abstract: This invention provides a process for preparing an .alpha.-fluoroacrylic acid ester characterized by reacting 2,2,3,3-tetrafluorooxetane, a metal halide, an alcohol and a dehalogenating agent. This invention also provides a process for preparing .alpha.-fluoroacrylic acid fluoride, CH.sub.2 .dbd.CFCOF, which is an intermediate for preparing the .alpha.-fluoroacrylic acid ester.

Abstract: The invention relates to novel [(2,3,9,9a-tetrahydro-3-oxo-9a-substituted-1H-fluoren-yl)oxy]ethanimidamid es and [(2,3,9,9a-tetrahydro-3-oxo-9a-substituted-1H-fluoren-7-yl)oxy]ethanimidic acid hydrazides, their derivatives and their salts. The compounds are useful for the treatment and prevention of injury to the brain and of edema due to head trauma, stroke (particularly ischemic), arrested breathing, cardiac arrest, Reye's syndrome, cerebral thrombosis, cerebral embolism, cerebral hemorrhage, cerebral tumors, encephalomyelitis, spinal cord injury, hydrocephalus, post-operative brain injury trauma, edema due to cerebral infections, various brain concussions and elevated intracranial pressure.

Abstract: An O-acetyl compound, such as acetic anhydride, is prepared by carbonylating the corresponding O-methyl compound, such as methyl acetate, by heating the latter at 130.degree. to 250.degree. C. with carbon monoxide of a partial pressure of 1 to 100 kg/cm.sup.2 G in the presence of a rhodium catalyst and a iodine compound, whereby the reaction is caused to take place in a reaction solution containing a carboxylic acid in the presence of an aluminum accelerator and a rhodium catalyst treated with hydrogen.

Abstract: Compounds of formula (I): ##STR1## or a salt or acyl derivative thereof; whereinY is either --CH.dbd.N or ##STR2## R.sup.1 is hydroxy, halogen, (C.sub.1-4) alkyl, or (C.sub.1-4)alkoxy, R.sup.2 is a nitrogen-containing, basic substituent,R.sup.3 is hydrogen, hydroxy, halogen, (C.sub.1-4) alkyl, (C.sub.1-4) alkoxy or a nitrogen-containing, basic substituent, andR.sup.4 is hydrogen or hydroxy,are useful in treating diarrhoea and scours.

Abstract: The invention relates to 2-formyl-2-halomalonates, and their preparation. The compounds are useful in the preparation of their acetals and also in the preparation of 2-(dicarbethoxymethylene)thiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid.

Abstract: Novel monomers are the reaction products of a vinyl functional monoahl (e.g., hydroxypropyl acrylate) with a halohydroxyalkyl quaternary ammonium compound (e.g., 2-hydroxy-3-chloropropyl ammonium chloride) or a glycidyl trialkyl ammonium compound. Said monomers are highly hydrophilic. Polymers comprising said monomers have a very high affinity for water.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of an alkenyl-lactic acid ester by reaction of a cyanohydrin with an alcohol in the presence of hydrogen chloride, followed by hydrolysis. The compounds obtained may be used for the preparation of alkaloids and crop protection agents, and as monomers for copolymerization.

Abstract: Oxidation catalysts of the general formulaW.sub.6 Mo.sub.a V.sub.b P.sub.c Cu.sub.d As.sub.e Sb.sub.f X.sub.g Y.sub.h O.sub.xwhere X is K, Rb and/or Cs, Y is Nb, Fe, Mn, Sn, Li, Na, Sr, Rh, Ce, Ti and/or Cr, a is from 2.0 to 6, b is from 0 to 3, c is from 0.1 to 3, d is from 0.01 to 1, e is from 0 to 1, f is from 0 to 2, g is from 0.01 to 3, h is from 0 to 1 and x is the number of oxygen atoms formally required to saturate the valencies of the catalyst components, give high conversions and particularly high selectivity in the oxidation of methacrolein in the gas phase to methacrylic acid.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of trifluoroacetic anhydride which comprises bringing together trifluoroacetic acid with the anhydride of an .alpha.-halogenated acid.

Abstract: The invention relates to new antimicrobially active 3-cephem compounds, processes for preparing such compounds, new intermediate compounds comprising alkoxyimino dioxy butyric acid derivatives useful in said processes, and processes for preparation of said intermediates.

Abstract: Vinyl ether monomers of the formula ##STR1## wherein n is 0 or 1 and R is CH.sub.3 or Ch.sub.2 H.sub.5, precursors thereto, and copolymers with, e.g., tetrafluoroethylene, are provided. The copolymers are useful as electrical insulation and as the sheath portion of optical fibers, and can be converted to known ion exchange polymers having carboxylic groups which are useful, e.g., in the form of permionic membrane for separating the compartments of a chloralkali cell. The vinyl ether monomers can also be converted to vinyl ether monomers which contain carboxylate functional groups, which in turn can be copolymerized to useful copolymers.

Abstract: Novel fluoromethylthiobenzoyl fluorides are prepared by reacting a trichloromethylthiobenzoyl chloride with hydrogen fluoride at from 10.degree. to 130.degree. C., and are useful starting materials for the preparation of crop protection agents. The process of the invention is selective in permitting the optional production of either a trifluoromethylthiobenzoyl fluoride or a difluoromonochloromethylthiobenzoyl fluoride, depending upon the temperature employed.