Abstract: The present application relates to a process for treating gasoline, comprising the steps of: splitting a gasoline feedstock into a light gasoline fraction and a heavy gasoline fraction; optionally, subjecting the resulting light gasoline fraction to etherification to obtain an etherified oil; contacting the heavy gasoline fraction with a mixed catalyst and subjecting it to desulfurization and aromatization in the presence of hydrogen to obtain a heavy gasoline product; wherein the mixed catalyst comprises an adsorption desulfurization catalyst and an aromatization catalyst. The process of the present application is capable of reducing the sulfur and olefin content of gasoline and at the same time increasing the octane number of the gasoline while maintaining a high yield of gasoline.

Abstract: A separation column for expanded bed adsorption comprises a column tube (2), a base (15) carrying an inlet rotor structure (6) for pumping in process liquid, and a top cap (3). The top cap (3) is conical in form, and has a peripheral flange 31 by which it is rigidly fixed to the top edge flange (22) of the column tube (2). The angle of the convergent interior surface (35) of the conical top cap (3) may be between 10 and 25°. A vortex-inhibitor component (8) projects down below the outlet structure (4) at the top of the cap, projecting into the operating space (15) of the column to inhibit rotation of liquid in the column interior. An expanded bed adsorption process is done with upward flow of liquid in the column through a bed of media particles.

Abstract: A wax composition is disclosed, comprising a hydrogenate natural oil with (i) at least about 50 wt % of a triacylglycerol component having a fatty acid composition from about 14 to about 25 wt % C16:0 fatty acid, about 45 to about 60 wt % C18:1 fatty acid and about 20 to about 30 wt % C18:0 fatty acid, (ii) a nickel content of less than 1 ppm, and (iii) a melt point of about 49° C. to about 57° C. The hydrogenated natural oil is filtered and/or bleached to obtain a nickel content of less than 0.5 ppm. A candle is also disclosed, comprising a wick and the above described wax.

Abstract: A single pass method of production of an improved biocoal product according to which biomass is thermo-chemically broken down into its constituent components, the components are modified, and selected components are recombined to form a much more valuable fuel product which is more waterproof, more durable, and has a higher energy density than the original biomass. Other non-selected components may be used to provide energy to the biocoal production process.

Abstract: Disclosed is a desulfurization system using a catalyst for desulfurization, including a coal feed unit for conveying a combustible substance, a spray unit for spraying a catalyst for desulfurization, a coal pulverization unit for pulverizing the combustible substance conveyed from the coal feed unit, and a combustion unit for combusting the pulverized combustible substance, wherein during transfer of the combustible substance from the coal feed unit to the coal pulverization unit, the catalyst for desulfurization is sprayed using the spray unit and is mixed with the combustible substance. The desulfurization system of the invention can be simply and easily applied to various combustion facilities because, during the transfer of the combustible substance from the coal feed unit to the coal pulverization unit, the catalyst for desulfurization is sprayed and is mixed with the combustible substance, thereby efficiently reducing sulfur oxide (SOx) emission due to combustion of fossil fuel.

Abstract: Candle wick assemblies are provided having candle wick construction provided with multiple (e.g., two or more) candle wicks and a wax sheath covering the multiple candle wicks of the candle wick construction. The multiple candle wick construction will include at least first and second spaced-apart candle wicks and a ladder filament connected to and extending back and forth between the first and second candle wicks so as to establish respective crossing portions that are spaced apart from one another along a lengthwise direction of the wick assembly. The crossing portions of the ladder filament are folded about the longitudinal axis of the candle wick construction so that the candle wick assembly is in a generally U-shaped configuration.

Abstract: A gel-type scented candle includes a container, a wick attached to and erected at the center of the inner bottom of the container, and a candle oil accommodated in the container, in which the candle oil is of a gel type made by adding a natural vegetable oil with a natural perfume and a natural pigment, and the container can be reused by being refilled with the candle oil by a user before or after use of the candle oil.

Abstract: There is described a process for producing biodiesel and related products from mixtures. There is also described a process for producing precursors and feedstock materials for producing biodiesel and related products. The processes use esterification and trans-esterification, separation and purification. Other process steps such as acidification and distillation can also be used.

Abstract: Thin film composite membranes and methods of fabricating thin film composite membranes are disclosed. A thin film composite membrane can include nitrogen-doped graphene oxide quantum dots. The graphene oxide quantum dots can be doped with nitrogen to increase the performance of the thin film composite membrane. Other particulate compounds can be further integrated with the thin film composite membrane including zeolites, titanium oxides, and sulfur oxides. The thin film composite membranes can be used for various applications including desalination.

Abstract: A method is provided for producing a solid fuel to be used as fuel for a pulverized coal boiler from wood biomass as a source material at a high mass yield and calorie yield by performing a grinding treatment in a mixture with coal. A solid fuel is produced by adjusting the moisture of a ground powder of wood biomass to between 8 and 50%; densifying the ground powder of wood biomass to a bulk density of 0.55 g/cm3 or higher (measured according to JIS K 2151-6 “Bulk density test method”); and then subjecting the ground powder of wood biomass to torrefaction under conditions of an oxygen concentration of 10% or less and a temperature between 170 and 350° C. Since the bulk density of a source material is high, a trouble in conveyance such as clogging of a rotary valve at an inlet of a carbonization furnace, or clogging of a cyclone after a drier due to excessive reject can be prevented.

Abstract: A clean, high efficient and environmentally friendly gasoline product with main fractions of C6-C11 has a low octane rating and a low spontaneous ignition temperature. It can be compressively ignited within an internal combustion engine with a compression ratio of 16-19. Small amount of ethanol or dimethyl ether can be added into the gasoline product.

Abstract: A process for cleaning and dewatering hydrophobic particulate materials is presented. The process is performed in two steps: 1) agglomeration of the hydrophobic particles in a first hydrophobic liquid/aqueous mixture; followed by 2) dispersion of the agglomerates in a second hydrophobic liquid to release the water trapped within the agglomerates along with the entrained hydrophilic particles.

Abstract: Marine diesel fuel/fuel blending component compositions and fuel oil/fuel blending component compositions are provided that are derived from crude oils having high naphthenes to aromatics volume and/or weight ratios and a low sulfur content. In addition to having a high naphthenes to aromatics ratio, a low sulfur content, and a low but substantial content of aromatics, such fuels and/or fuel blending components can have a reduced or minimized carbon intensity relative to fuels derived from conventional sources. The unexpected ratio of naphthenes to aromatics contributes to the fuels and/or fuel blending components further having additional unexpected properties, including low density, low kinematic viscosity, and/or high energy density.

Abstract: Methods are provided for accurately blending biodiesel into distillate streams to achieve a pre-determined percentage of biodiesel in the distillate, applicable to wild-type distillate streams as well as distillate streams that already contain some percentage of biodiesel.

Abstract: A method for preventing biodeterioration of fuel. The method reduces the microbial growth in fuel by administering an antimicrobial peptide (or efflux pump inhibitor) to a fuel phase of the fuel, an aqueous phase of the fuel, or both, which disrupts the cellular membrane (or the efflux pumps thereof) of microbes comprising the growth.

Abstract: A method for preventing biodeterioration of fuel. The method reduces the microbial growth in fuel by administering an antimicrobial peptide (or efflux pump inhibitor) to a fuel phase of the fuel, an aqueous phase of the fuel, or both, which disrupts the cellular membrane (or the efflux pumps thereof) of microbes comprising the growth.

Abstract: An article has a substrate and a pattern of a dry silver nanoparticle-containing composition comprising at least 20 weight % of one or more (a) polymers, that are cellulosic polymers; (d) silver nanoparticles having a mean particle size of 25-750 nm and present in an amount of 0.1-400 weight %, based on the total weight of the one or more (a) polymers; and (e) carbon black in an amount of 5-50 weight %, based on the total weight of the one or more (a) polymers. Such patterns can have multiple fine lines of any geometric arrangement. The article can have multiple patterns of this type, and each pattern can be electrolessly plated with a suitable metal such as copper to provide electrically-conductive product articles.

Abstract: Novel redox based systems for fuel and chemical production with in-situ CO2 capture are provided. A redox system using one or more chemical intermediates is utilized in conjunction with liquid fuel generation via indirect Fischer-Tropsch synthesis, direct hydrogenation, or pyrolysis. The redox system is used to generate a hydrogen rich stream and/or CO2 and/or heat for liquid fuel and chemical production. A portion of the byproduct fuels and/or steam from liquid fuel and chemical synthesis is used as part of the feedstock for the redox system.

Abstract: The present invention provides composite material having a porous graphene-based foam matrix and comprising porous inorganic micro-particles and metal oxide nano-particles distributed throughout the foam matrix.

Abstract: Compositions corresponding to marine diesel fuels, fuel oils, jet fuels, and/or blending components thereof are provided that include at least a portion of a natural gas condensate fraction. Natural gas condensate fractions derived from a natural gas condensate with sufficiently low API gravity can provide a source of low sulfur, low pour point blend stock for formation of marine diesel and/or fuel oil fractions. Natural gas condensate fractions can provide these advantages and/or other advantages without requiring prior hydroprocessing and/or cracking.