Abstract: An optical element includes an optical anisotropic medium. A difference between a minimum refractive index nl and a maximum refractive index nh of the optical anisotropic medium at a used central wavelength is at least 0.1, and a refractive index nt1 of a first medium optically adjacent to the optical anisotropic medium at the used central wavelength satisfies the following condition: (nt1?nl)·(nt1?nh)?0.

Abstract: A microscope includes a member supported for movement relative to a base along a path of travel, and optics on the member for imaging a region that includes a location for a specimen. The method and apparatus involve: effecting relative movement of a cam operatively coupled to one of the member and the base with respect to a cam follower operatively coupled to the other of the member and the base in a manner so that the cam follower slides along a cam surface on the cam; and responding to the sliding movement of the cam follower along the cam surface by effecting relative movement of the cam and cam follower in a manner that in turn effects movement of the member along the path of travel relative to the base.

Abstract: A three-dimensional (3D) display system and a method for use in the same are disclosed. The 3D display system includes: a display panel which includes a plurality of pixels, applies several-direction parallax image signals to the pixels according to regulations of a specific mode, and displays the several-direction parallax image signals; and a filter which is located at at least one of a front part and a rear part of the display panel, forms a predetermined barrier pattern according to regulations of the specific mode to implement a three-dimensional image, and separates the several-direction parallax image signals from each other.

Abstract: A catadioptric projection objective for imaging a pattern provided in an object plane of the projection objective onto an image plane of the projection objective has a first, refractive objective part for imaging the pattern provided in the object plane into a first intermediate image; a second objective part including at least one concave mirror for imaging the first intermediate imaging into a second intermediate image; and a third, refractive objective part for imaging the second intermediate imaging onto the image plane; wherein the projection objective has a maximum lens diameter Dmax, a maximum image field height Y?, and an image side numerical aperture NA; wherein COMP1=Dmax/(Y?·NA2) and wherein the condition COMP1<10 holds.

Abstract: A textile made by weaving while crossing stainless wires as warp yarn and silk yarns as weft yarn one by one alternately, and this textile is attached to a frame body to configure a wire grid. The pitch for the stainless wires is determined depending on a wavelength to be polarized and analyzed. Furthermore, the silk yarns are removed if necessary. This configuration avoids problems with cutting of metal wire or irregular intervals between metal wires because of long fine metal wires tightened parallel to each other in the frame body, and problems such as multiple reflection or interference on a substrate or a base material because of fine wire patterns made by etching or the like with the use of the substrate or base material, thereby obtaining an easily-manufactured, low-cost and high-precision wire grid for polarization and analysis of electromagnetic waves.

Abstract: A catadioptric projection objective for imaging a pattern provided in an object plane of the projection objective onto an image plane of the projection objective comprises: a first objective part for imaging the pattern provided in the object plane into a first intermediate image; a second objective part for imaging the first intermediate imaging into a second intermediate image; a third objective part for imaging the second intermediate imaging directly onto the image plane; wherein a first concave mirror having a first continuous mirror surface and at least one second concave mirror having a second continuous mirror surface are arranged upstream of the second intermediate image; pupil surfaces are formed between the object plane and the first intermediate image, between the first and the second intermediate image and between the second intermediate image and the image plane; and all concave mirrors are arranged optically remote from a pupil surface.

Abstract: An optical sheet for three-dimensional images and a three-dimensional image display device using the same, are discussed. According to an embodiment, the three-dimensional image display device includes a display unit to display two-dimensional images using unit pixels each including at least three colors of sub-pixels, and an optical sheet to convert the two-dimensional images into a plurality of different three-dimensional images, and the neighboring three-dimensional images are overlapped with each other by a predetermined range. With the above described configuration, the curved lenses are tilted to provide neighboring viewers with three-dimensional images overlapped with each other by 15% to 60%. As a result, a ratio of the horizontal and vertical display resolutions of the three-dimensional images can be equal to a ratio of the horizontal and vertical display resolutions of the two-dimensional images, and the quality of three-dimensional images can be improved.

Abstract: A light pattern generator that can be used to form a gobo for use in a projection optical system. A transparent plate is coated with a stack that is absorptive and reflective. The stack is formed to be ablatable in the form of a pattern. The stack can have multiple different layers with multiple different characteristics, all of which are ablated by the laser.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a method of manufacturing a projection objective, and a projection objective, such as a projection objective configured to be used in a microlithographic process. The method can include defining an initial design for the projection objective and optimizing the design using a merit function. The method can be used in the manufacturing of projection objectives which may be used in a microlithographic process of manufacturing miniaturized devices.

Abstract: A loupe support system includes a frame (12) which can be mounted at the head of a user and at which a holding device (18) is mounted, an elongated support element (30, 31, 68) which, at its central region, is supported at the holding device (18) such that it can rotate about its longitudinal central axis, wherein a respective loupe ocular (34) is mounted at the support element (30, 31, 68) on each of both sides of the holding device, and a light mounting element (22) supported at the holding device (18) such that it can rotate about a rotary axis being coaxial with respect to the longitudinal central axis of the support element (30, 31, 68).

Abstract: An optical system including a first lens group configured to correct for lateral chromatic aberration, and an adjacent second lens group configured to correct for axial chromatic aberration. The optical system includes a detector disposed behind the second lens group, a mechanism for switching the optical system between a narrow field of view configuration and a wide field of view configuration, and a ray path steering system including a pair of counter-rotating grisms disposed in front of the first lens group. The optical system also includes a stabilization system configured to suppress image jitter and including a mechanism for decentering at least one lens in the first or second lens groups orthogonal to an optical axis of the optical system. A pupil of the optical system is located external to the first and second lens groups for location of a cold shield within a cryo-vac Dewar enclosing the detector.

Abstract: Observation is performed using bright, clear multiphoton fluorescence images produced by efficiently generating a multiphoton excitation effect, without the need for a complex interference film structure. The invention employs a laser microscope apparatus including a first dichroic mirror that reflects visible laser light guided via a first light path and that transmits IR pulsed laser light guided via a second light path to combine the first light path and the second light path; an XY galvanometer mirror that scans the laser light from the first dichroic mirror on a specimen; an objective lens that irradiates the specimen with the scanned laser light and that collects fluorescence produced in the specimen; a second dichroic mirror that reflects the visible laser light and transmits the fluorescence from the specimen; and a detection unit that detects the fluorescence transmitted through the second dichroic mirror.

Abstract: A catadioptric projection objective for imaging a pattern provided in an object plane of the projection objective onto an image plane of the projection objective comprises: a first objective part for imaging the pattern provided in the object plane into a first intermediate image; a second objective part for imaging the first intermediate imaging into a second intermediate image; a third objective part for imaging the second intermediate imaging directly onto the image plane; wherein a first concave mirror having a first continuous mirror surface and at least one second concave mirror having a second continuous mirror surface are arranged upstream of the second intermediate image; pupil surfaces are formed between the object plane and the first intermediate image, between the first and the second intermediate image and between the second intermediate image and the image plane; and all concave mirrors are arranged optically remote from a pupil surface.

Abstract: An objective lens to be fitted into a fitting hole of a nosepiece of a microscope includes an imaging lens that is composed of a plurality of lens groups, and a lens barrel that holds the imaging lens. The lens barrel is formed with a fitting portion that is fitted to the fitting hole of the nosepiece and provided at an outer circumference of a tip portion side away by a given distance from the tip portion where a first lens group in the imaging lens is held, and a mount surface that comes into contact with a contact surface of the fitting hole of the nosepiece upon fitting at the fitting portion. The nosepiece is equipped with the objective lens. The inverted microscope is equipped with the nosepiece fitting the objective lens.

Abstract: An optical system includes an optical element formed of resin. On at least one of optical surfaces on the light incidence side of the optical element formed of resin, a plurality of depressions or protrusions of a size not larger than the wavelengths of visible light is formed without a periodic structure or in a random arrangement.

Abstract: Provided is a magnified-projection optical system, which can retain a considerably long back focus although a focal length is short and which has a small chromatic aberration. The optical system comprises a projecting optical system, a relay optical system and a display element, which are sequentially arrayed from a screen side along the optical axis. The projecting optical system enlarges and projects the image, which has been linearly focused by the relay optical system, on the screen, and includes a negative group and a positive group arrayed sequentially from the screen side and having a negative optical power and a positive optical power, respectively. The optical system satisfies the following conditional relations of |Fb/F|>10 and 0.5<|F/Fp|<2.

Abstract: A method disclosed herein relates to displaying three-dimensional images. The method comprising, projecting integral images to a display device, and displaying three-dimensional images with the display device. Further disclosed herein is an apparatus for displaying orthoscopic 3-D images. The apparatus comprising, a projector for projecting integral images, and a micro-convex-mirror array for displaying the projected images.

Abstract: The present application generates an image suitable for collectively observing a whole area or all wavelength components in a viewing field. A confocal microscope apparatus includes a detecting unit being disposed on a collecting location of the collecting optical system, separating incident light into a light from a vicinity of a collecting point on the sample and a light from a peripheral of the vicinity, and detecting each of the lights; and an image generating unit generating an image of the sample by a light signal from the vicinity and a light signal from the peripheral of the vicinity, and setting a ratio of the signal of the light from the vicinity of the collecting point to the signal of the light from the peripheral of the vicinity for each of areas on the image.

Abstract: A monolithic body (31) has a compound optical surface that defines a centrally located lens element (31B) that is transmissive to light having wavelengths of interest, such as infrared radiation (IR), and a reflector (31B) disposed about the lens element that is reflective to the light. The monolithic body is comprised of a material selected for fabricating a refractive lens element. The compound optical surface has a centrally located portion defining the lens element surrounded by a generally curved surface region having a reflective coating that defines the reflector. The centrally located portion may be coated with an anti-reflection coating. The compound optical surface is preferably formed in one operation, such as one that uses a diamond point turning operation.

Abstract: Microscope with heightened resolution and linear scanning wherein the sample is illuminated with a first and a second illuminating light, whereby the first illuminating light excites the sample, and the second illuminating light is generated through the refraction of coherent light at a periodic structure and displays a periodic structure in a lateral beam direction and in axial beam direction.