Abstract: A microscope optical system wherein a light is made to enter a beam splitter of a Jentzch type prism through another surface than the front surface of the beam splitter in order to form a Jentzch type binocular optical system to be small and simple and to be able to obtain a high quality object image.

Abstract: The column electrodes of the display device are each formed by an alignment of conducting areas which are electrically connected to each other and which are spaced from each other, while disposed between two successive conducting areas of each electrode, in alignment with said conducting areas is a conducting area of an adjoining electrode. n+1 different reference signals are produced such that the effective value of the difference between two different signals is sufficient to generate an electro-optical effect. The first n signals of said signals are each applied to a line electrode. A signal selected from the above-mentioned n+1 signals is applied to each column electrode said selection being made in dependence on the value of a control signal.

Abstract: Thermoelectric heat pumps are individually located at multiple flexures functioning to support a primary mirror which mirror reflects light from an aluminum mask onto a semiconductor wafer. The heat pumps are selectively energized to apply thermal stresses by heat or cold application at the flexures into the primary mirror suspension to compensate for distortions in the image transfer between the mask and the semiconductor wafer.

Abstract: An electro-optical device, provided with a liquid crystal layer and a photoconductive layer, for converting a light input image into a projection image is characterized in that (A) a shading layer having a plurality of penetrating holes corresponding to picture elements and (B) a plurality of reflectors, separate from one another, facing the penetrating holes one by one through a light-transmittable insulating layer being contact with the shading layer are laid between the liquid crystal layer and the photoconductive layer. An electro-optical device comprising a liquid crystal layer is provided with counter electrodes at least one of which is composed of plural stripes of electrodes. In the devices, images can be produced by applying a voltage in the opposite direction of rectification with applying a writing light input signals and erased by applying a voltage in the forward direction of rectification.

Abstract: An optical microscope system includes an optics system and a frame. A selectively controlled stage assembly is coupled to the frame by vacuum-retained air-bearings. An air vacuum chuck coupled to the stage selectively aligns and supports an object-bearing slide for viewing with the optics system.

Abstract: An acousto-optic device is shown which permits the use of a temperature sensitive solid state laser. The laser is mounted in a heat sink that displaces the laser as a function of temperature in a direction which cancels the drift of the laser's blur spot due to the laser's increased wavelength as a function of temperature.

Abstract: A laser is modulated in accordance with an input signal of time varying value. The modulated beam is intercepted by a Bragg cell acoustically modulated in accordance with one or more preselected control frequencies from a selectable source of such frequencies. The beam is deflected by an amount or amounts dependent on the acoustically modulated frequency or frequencies. A plurality of photodetectors are positioned to intercept the deflected beam at its respective possible deflection angles and to convert optical signals so recieved into electrical output signals. Thus by choice of control frequency, a signal corresponding to the input signal can be caused to appear at the output of one or more photodiodes.

Abstract: A mounting assembly for twin microscope housings to permit synchronized tilting of the microscopes including a central spindle whose outside surface is threaded to accommodate an annular collar whose inside surface has corresponding threads. A fixed bracket is mounted to the bottom of the spindle, and an adjustable bracket is mounted about the adjustable collar. A tilt bracket is pivotably mounted to the bottom bracket and slidably mounted to the adjustable bracket so that as the annular collar is rotated about the central spindle to raise and lower the adjustable bracket, the tilt bracket tilts with respect to the longitudinal axis of the spindle.

Abstract: An electrophoretic display device is described where a set of anode electrodes in an electrophoretic cell are disposed opposite row and column electrodes at a second side of the electrophoretic cell. The anode electrodes encompass equal pluralities of at least the row electrodes, and such equal pluralities of electrodes are connected in parallel. This significantly reduces the number of leads to the display.

Abstract: An arrangement for isolating an optical surface from a contaminating environment utilizes concentric inner and outer tubes defining an annular purging space therebetween. The inner and outer tubes are both open ended with the open ends facing the contaminating environment. The optical surface is positioned in the inner tube and is spaced from the open end of the inner tube. The inner tube is made of porous material and the space is supplied with a purging gas so that at least some of the purging gas filters into an inner space of the inner tube to prevent an aspiration of contaminants into the inner tube from the open end thereof. A preferred porosity range of 1 to 40 microns is selected for the inner tube which preferably has a length to diameter ratio of from about 5 to 1.

Abstract: This invention provides a light transmitting assembly that can, at will, be changed from a state of transparency to one of translucency. It comprises two parallel spaced apart panes of transparent material, such as glass, with a film of polytetrafluoroethane, which is inherently translucent or opaque, disposed between. The assembly is rendered transparent by introducing a fluid into the assembly to substantially cover a surface of the film; the fluid having a refractive index corresponding to the refractive index of the film. The translucency is restored by removing the fluid.

Abstract: For the transmission of a plurality of light channels between two parts which rotate relative to each other, an optical transmission element is arranged with its optical axis OA coaxial to the axis of rotation and light transmitters in different radial regions. By convex lenses or mirrors the bundles of rays coming from the light transmitters are parallelized and impinge on the optical transmission element which individually focuses the bundles of rays. In order to obtain an imaging scale of 1:1 a synchronously rotating rhomboid prism or a parabolic mirror can be used. In addition, HF channels can be transmitted.

Abstract: An in-focus detector for a binocular stereomicroscope having a pair of left- and right-hand observation optics includes a pair of beam splitters, each disposed intermediate the objective lens and the eyepieces of the respective observation optics. The first one of the beam splitters introduces the optical image of a mark into one of the observation optics, which then focuses it on an object being observed. The image is then reflected by the object and passes through the other observation optics to be reflected by the second beam splitter so as to be directed externally of the observation optics and focussed on a photoelectric transducer element, which is effective to detect an in-focus condition.

Abstract: A dielectric optical polarizer which is operable at high peak and average power, with greater than 95 percent transmission of the desired P polarized radiation, and also greater than 95 percent reflectance of the S polarized radiation. The polarizer comprises a radiation transmissive substrate with a first dielectric layer disposed on at least one side of the substrate. The first dielectric layer has an index of refraction higher than the substrate. A second dielectric layer of low index of refraction material is disposed atop the first dielectric layer. A third dielectric layer of the same high index of refraction material as the first layer, is disposed atop the second layer. Each of the dielectric layers is one quarter wavelength thick at the operating wavelength. The dielectric polarizer operates at a very high Brewster angle associated with the dielectric layers rather than that of the substrate.

Abstract: A quarterwave retarder prism such as can be used in optical recording has a shape similar to a dove prism, and has three internal reflections, with the retarder prism designed to have the emerging light beam on the same axis or collinear with the entering light beam such that the accumulated phase retardation in the device is one quarterwave over a wide range of wavelengths of light.

Abstract: In order to control the absorptance of an electrochromic layer, the invention provides a plurality of steps for establishing different levels of coloring action. Quantities of charge are supplied to and removed from the layer, via one or the other of two constant-current sources, timed with clock pulses to a forward/backward counter. For decoloring processes, smaller quantities of charge are removed from the layer than are supplied to it during a corresponding coloring process. The quantities of charge removed for decoloring processes are, however, slightly greater than the quantities of removed charge needed to reach steps having exactly the same absorptance, so that even in the case of numerous changes between the color steps, destruction of the layer is definitely avoided. Preferred fields of use are lenses, particularly eyeglass lenses, filters and dimmable mirrors, each having an applied electrochromic layer whose absorptance is controlled for step-wise change.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a vehicle rearview mirror remote-control device, mounted in a casing containing a control mechanism including a support member integral with the body of a vehicle and which extends inside the casing through an opening. The support member has a first axis around which is pivotally mounted a cross-piece, on which cross-piece is pivotally mounted the casing carrying the mirror, on a second axis perpendicular to the first, first movement-controlling means being provided between the support member and the cross-piece and second-movement controlling means being provided, in an offset manner with respect to the second axis, between the cross-piece and the casing.

Abstract: A variable power telecentric illumination system comprises a first converging lens group, a second converging lens group, a third diverging lens group and a fourth converging lens group arranged in this ordinal sequence as viewed in the direction toward the object side to be illuminated from the light source side. The second and third groups are interchangeable in position. An image of the light source by the composite system of the first and second groups is formed between the second and the third groups. The focal point on the light source side of the composite system of the third and fourth groups is coincident with the light source image. When the positions of the second and third groups are interchanged, the composite system of the first and third groups forms an image of the light source between the second and third groups. The focal point on the light source side of the composite system of the second and fourth groups is coincident with the light source image.

Abstract: An optical signal preprocessor for computing the input functions required to utilize an extended Kalman filter algorithm. An incoming stream of time-varying images is integrated to form a reference image, which is then subtracted from each subsequently sampled image. The result is digitized for use with the extended Kalman filter algorithm. The reference image is also fed through a spatial filter and then input to two light valve image subtraction systems to produce difference image approximations of two partial derivatives. These derivative functions are then digitized and utilized as inputs to the extended Kalman filter algorithm.

Abstract: A pair of uniaxial birefringent crystal elements are fixed together to form a serially arranged, integral assembly which, alternatively, provides either a linearly or elliptically polarized second-harmonic output wave or a linearly polarized third-harmonic output wave. The "extraordinary" or "e" directions of the crystal elements are oriented in the integral assembly to be in quadrature (90.degree.). For a second-harmonic generation in the Type-II-Type-II angle tuned case, the input fundamental wave has equal amplitude "o" and "e" components. For a third-harmonic generation, the input fundamental wave has "o" and "e" components whose amplitudes are in a ratio of 2:1 ("o":"e" reference first crystal). In the typical case of a linearly polarized input fundamental wave this can be accomplished by simply rotating the crystal assembly about the input beam direction by 10.degree..