Abstract: A microscope, such as an eyebell microscope used for observing an eyeball cornea, eye-ground and the like, which is arranged to illuminate an object for observation with a light beam projected through one half of the objective lens and to form an image of the object with the light reflected back through the other half of the same objective lens, wherein a special iris for confining the illuminating light beam is inserted in the illuminating optics in order to prevent the illuminating light from mixing in the image forming light and reducing contrast of the image.

Abstract: A universal revolving stage for microscopes having glass segments mounted in an upper and a lower segment mountings serves in particular to conduct crystal-optical investigations. Because of the differential thickness of the specimens to be examined, there is provided a height adjustment of the segment mountings by means of adjusting means actuated from above, in the form of a pinion. The adjusting means is rotated by a knurled knob which can be inserted into it, and it engages the internal teeth of an adjusting ring which has an adjusting thread. Upon rotation of the pinion and thus of the adjusting ring, the lower segment mounting is screwed upwardly or downwardly, and it carries with it the upper segment mounting which is centered by guides in the lower mounting.

Abstract: In an optical disc player or other apparatus in which a light beam is directed through an objective lens to be focused thereby at a record medium surface for optically reading information recorded in a track on such surface; the objective lens is mounted eccentrically in a circular end wall of a body member having a cylindrical side wall depending from the periphery of the end wall, a bearing sleeve extends axially from the center of the end wall and is slidable on a shaft extending upwardly from a base member so that the body member is both angularly displaceable about the shaft axis and axially displaceable relative to the base member to correct for tracking and focusing errors, respectively, inner and outer yokes extend upwardly from the base member at the inside and outside, respectively, of the cylindrical side wall and have respective radially aligned gaps, a magnet is associated with the yokes for generating magnetic flux through the side wall of the body member between the inner and outer yokes, and t

Abstract: An acousto-optic deflector or modulator is shown which diffracts a beam of incident light from a zero order beam into a first order beam. Normally such diffraction deflects but 1% of the light energy within the incident beam. This deflection may be improved by successive transits of the light beam across the acoustic energy wave within the deflector.

Abstract: An acousto-optic deflector is shown which diffracts a beam of incident light from a zero order beam into a first order beam. Normally such diffraction deflects but 1% of the light energy within the incident beam. This deflection may be improved by successive, internal transits of the light beam across the acoustic energy wave within the deflector. Such internal transits are accomplished by forming the deflector into a cylinder and reflection coating the outer surface of that cylinder to form a mirror pair.

Abstract: A zoom lens provided with a first group lens having a negative power and a second group lens having a positive power, the first group lens being moved in the direction of the optical axis for focus adjustment, the first group lens and the second group lens being moved in the direction of the optical axis for zooming, includes means for detecting the focused condition of the zoom lens to an object, the detecting means including optical means for receiving a light beam from the object which is discrete from a light beam incident on the zoom lens, and means for making an output signal representative of the focused condition from the light beam passed through the optical means, and means for integrally supporting the detecting means and the first group lens for conjoint movement in the direction of the optical axis.

Abstract: A rotary optic switch for alternatively coupling a single light path to any one of a plurality of other light paths upon the relative rotation of a light deflecting means. A first deflecting means deflects light from a first radial path to an axial path. A rotatable second light deflecting means deflects light from the axial path parallel to the axis of rotation of the second light deflecting means to a second radial path which moves responsive to the rotation of the second deflecting means. Light is supplied to the first radial light path by a first optic element. A plurality of second optic elements are located circumaxially around the axis of rotation of the second light deflecting means and can be alternatively optically coupled to the first optic element by rotation of the second light deflecting means aligning the second radial light path with each of the second optic elements.

Abstract: Secured to the barrel of a reflecting telescope is a large mounting ring the axis of which is perpendicular to the barrel axis. The mounting ring extends from an intermediate location on one side of the barrel, around the mirror end of the telescope, and back to an intermediate location on the opposite side of the barrel. The combination of the ring and barrel has its center of gravity approximately at the location of the ring axis. The ring is supported in a cradle on frictional pads. Because the telescope is well-balanced, friction alone can be relied upon to hold the telescope in any desired elevational position. An undercut circumferential groove is provided in the periphery of the mounting ring, and rollers within the undercut groove urge the ring against the frictional pads. The force with which the ring is urged against the pads can be adjusted in order to vary the degree of friction, and also to lock the telescope at a desired elevation.

Abstract: A binocular with a multiple-helicoid focus-adjusting mechanism, in which the internal helicoid is integrally mounted on an ocular-lens bridge member and in mesh with the external helicoid provided in the rear portion of a center shaft. The center shaft is coaxially supported in an objective-lens hinge member and integrally connected through the intermediary of a connecting pin to a knob, which is rotatably mounted on the hinge member. By the help of the multiple-helicoid mechanism, the ocular-lens bridge member is smoothly moved and steadily supported, and the most protrusible position of the ocular-lenses is easy to be adjusted without an addition such as a washer.

Abstract: An image posture converting optical system wherein a reflecting surface of a prism for bending a light path is reoriented by a fixed amount to correct an image posture. This optical system is simple in formation, can retain a favorable optical performance and can be made small.

Abstract: A polarization independent optical circulator is disclosed. A first birefringent plate (10) is used to separate an incident beam from a first port into two beams having orthogonal polarizations, and a second plate (11) recombines the beams at a second port. Means (12) providing nonreciprocal rotation of the polarizations are disposed between the plates. Placed between the rotating means and the second plate is a third plate (16) to further separate the beams and a reflecting element (17) for deflecting the beams toward the second port. The reflecting element includes a slotted portion (18) so that light from a third port can pass therethrough back toward the first port.

Abstract: Electro-optic addressing using an electro-optic modulator with improved electrode configuration and improved address control. During a first address stage activating and inactivating reference potentials are applied respectively to first and second of adjacent pixel portions of the modulator while an addressing signal potential (e.g. in accord with image data) is applied to both pixel portions. During a second address stage activating and inactivating reference potentials are applied respectively to the second and first pixel portions while signal potential is applied to both pixel portions.

Abstract: An inspection apparatus for furnace flues and chimneys includes a reflecting plate biasly coupled, at its lower end to an interior wall of the flue. The reflecting plate is urged, by the bias coupling, to a non-use position adjacent the interior wall of the flue. The plate is moved to its reflecting or use position, within the interior of the flue, by the movement of a connecting rod operatively connected to the reflecting plate. In the reflecting plate use position, light entering the flue from the top is reflected to a sight glass in the flue wall. The absence of reflected light from the reflecting plate indicates an obstruction of the flue.Also disclosed is a modular inspection device for use with existing furnace flues.

Abstract: An apparatus and method by which a high-power laser beam and a high-energy article beam may enter or exit a region, typically filled with gas, to or from another region, typically under vacuum. The two beams are spaced about 3-4 mm apart center-to-center at the entry/exit point and no gas is permitted to leak into the vacuum region. A disc of material capable of resisting high radiation fluxes without forming color centers is sealed into a metallic holding block. Prior to sealing of the disc, a hole approximately 0.16 cm is drilled into the disc while the disc is tilted at or above Brewster's angle forming an elliptical hole. A thin film, approximately 6000 .ANG., indium metallization is sputtered in a circular pattern about the hole and around the edges of a beryllium disc. An indium disc is then sandwiched between the disc with the hole and the beryllium disc touching the indium metallization on each piece.

Abstract: A multi chambered slide is disclosed having a base plate, a plurality of spaced apart boundaries attached to the base plate, each contiguous pair of boundaries defining an area within which a liquid sample may be contained, each boundary having a pair of spaced apart elements between which is defined a boundary zone for containing any sample that may leak from the area defined by a pair of boundaries, each element being of substantially uniform thickness and being coated with an adhesive and a cover plate attached to the spaced apart elements of the boundaries to define a plurality of volumetric chambers into which liquid samples may be introduced.

Abstract: A monoaxial adjusting system is provided for accomplishing both coarse and fine focusing adjustments between the nosepiece and stage of a microscope. The coarse adjustment is made by rotation of either of two coarse adjusting knobs which in turn directly rotates a coarse adjusting shaft and cam. Suitable linkage is connected to the cam to affect linear movement between the nosepiece and stage. Fine adjustment is made through rotation of either of two fine adjusting knobs which actuate the coarse shaft and cam through a planetary gear reduction system and follower. A further adjusting mechanism is lever operated so that the operator may easily provide fine adjustment while manipulating the North-South stage and East-West slide control knobs. The entire adjusting system is spring and gravity loaded to eliminate backlash.

Abstract: A purged window apparatus utilizing tangentially injected heated purge gases in the vicinity of electromagnetic radiation transmitting windows, and a tapered external mounting tube to accelerate these gases to provide a vortex flow on the window surface and a turbulent flow throughout the mounting tube. Use of this apparatus prevents backstreaming of gases under investigation which are flowing past the mouth of the mounting tube which would otherwise deposit on the windows. Lengthy spectroscopic investigations and analyses can thereby be performed without the necessity of interrupting the procedures in order to clean or replace contaminated windows.

Abstract: An apparatus for combining optical images which is particularly suited for use in integrated circuit lead wire gang bonding systems is disclosed. The apparatus includes an objective lens to gather and focus light rays reflected from an object, such as a microelectronic device. A beamsplitter provides first and second images of the object which are inverted with respect to one another. The images are directed onto mirrowed prism surfaces, such that only selected portions of the first and second images actually strike each prism face. That portion of each image which does strike the respective prism face is reflected upward and combined to form one resulting image. Viewing means are provided to view the resultant image.