Abstract: A coiled resistance heating element of carbonaceous or graphite material is disclosed. A simplified process which includes carbonization or graphitization of a coiled strand of an organic material is also disclosed.

Abstract: An electrical resistor having first and second cylindrical resistance windings helically wound closely adjacent one another about a common axis and wound in opposite directions about such axis. The helical windings of the resistor are connected in parallel and the resistor is provided with terminals for placing it in series with a circuit to provide a resistance in such circuit. The resistors are used in a power distribution system that includes a first system connected to a second system by a tie line. The resistors referred to as braking resistors are located adjacent at least one of the power sources and are connected to the tie line through one or more circuit breakers.

Abstract: A thick-film incubator is used with a temperature control circuit and a mounting member on which the thick-film incubator is disposed. The thick-film incubator includes a ceramic substrate which has a first pair of conductive pads disposed at opposite ends thereof and a second pair of conductive pads disposed opposing each other thereon. A first layer of resistive ink is deposited on the ceramic substrate so that an open rectangular field is formed. The layer has a first end and a second end which are electrically coupled to each of the first pair of conductive pads, respectively, so that current can flow through the first layer in order to heat the ceramic substrate. A second layer of temperature-dependent resistive ink is deposited on the ceramic substrate adjacent, but not contiguous, to the layer of resistive ink.

Abstract: A method for producing negative temperature coefficient thermistor units, comprising the steps of forming a pair of green sheets of insulating ceramic material, stacking the green sheets interposing therebetween in predetermined areas a layer of paste for thermistor elements; providing for each thermistor unit a coating of paste to be formed into internal electrodes; cutting the stacked sheets into individual thermistor units; co-firing the thermistor units whereby the thermistor element is enclosed in an envelope of sintered ceramic material or sandwiched between two layers of sintered ceramic material. A pair of external electrodes is then provided on each thermistor unit.

Abstract: An electrical apparatus is provided for use with a potentiometer or variable resistance element which does not require a mechanical connection between a contact member and an activating mechanism. This is accomplished by using a magnet in at least a portion of either the contact member or the activating mechanism while constructing at least a portion of the other of such contact member and the activating mechanism of a ferromagnetic material.

Abstract: The cover of a casing of the potentiometer is formed with an opening which is adapted to be closed by another cover and through which the top surface of a resistor core is accessible. Trimming resistors are located on the top surface and are connected electrically to a resistor path applied on the bottom surface of the resistor core. This permits adjustments of the potentiometer to be made even when the assembly is completed.

Abstract: A temperature-sensitive resistance element comprises an alumina substrate having terminals and a sinuous temperature-sensitive resistance layer thereon. The layer and terminals are formed of electroplated palladium which has been recrystallized.

Abstract: Connectors with capacitors or resistors built in are very expensive and a custom design requires a considerable lead time. By building a circuit in modular form so that it connects to a standard cylindrical connector, both the cost and lead time are reduced drastically. Modules containing a variety of frequently used circuitry can be kept in inventory for at-will and immediate association with any standard circular connector, as desired. By having a variety of adapter collars in stock that mate with various kinds and constructions of cylindrical connectors, the suppression modules may be connected to a variety of differently constructed connectors. Many different configurations for the electrical circuitry in the module are possible. Many different configurations of the circuit module and interface collar are possible and can be designed to accommodate almost any connector configuration.

Abstract: A cermet thin film resistor having small particles of a refractory metal embedded in a ceramic insulator at compositions near the percolation transition. The cermets are produced by co-deposition in a dual-electron beam evaporator. The refractory metal is typically Mo or Pt. The insulator is typically a Al.sub.2 O.sub.3, although other insulators, for example SiO.sub.2 may be used. Deposition occurs onto a suitable substrate such as a sapphire under an oxygen environment, typically 10.sup.-5 Torr O.sub.2 with the stage heated in the range of typically 400.degree. C. Such is done to increase the size of the metallic regions. The microstructure is 10-50 .ANG. embedded metal in the ceramic. The resulting films are in the range of 1500 .ANG. thick which provides a film having a typical resistivity of 400 m.OMEGA. - cm which may then be patterned using lithography techniques to form two or four terminal resistors.

Abstract: A trimming resistor network includes first and second external connection terminals, a first resistor having two ends acting as first and second connection terminals, a first coupling body for connecting the first external connection terminal to the first connection terminal via series-connected resistors, a second coupling body for connecting the second external connection terminal to the second connection terminal directly or via series-connected resistors, and parallel trimming resistors having two ends respectively connected to the first and second coupling bodies. The combined resistance between the first and second external connection terminals is increased by substantially a preset amount each time one of the parallel trimming resistors is cut off.

Abstract: An improved voltage non-linear sintered resistor which includes zinc oxide, bismuth oxide and at least one metal oxide additive selected from the group consisting of antimony oxide, silicon oxide, and mixtures thereof. The sintered resistor includes at least two crystalline phases including .alpha. and .delta. crystalline phases of bismuth oxide and has a quantity ratio of .alpha./.delta. crystalline phases of bismuth oxide of about 0.1-0.8.

Abstract: A force or pressure sensor includes a monocrystalline silicon diaphragm coated with silicon dioxide upon which single crystalline silicon resistors are fused in a low profile pattern on the surface. The resistors are almost perfectly electrically isolated from each other and from the underlying silicon substrate. The structure is fabricated by forming resistors in a first wafer and then affixing that surface of the first wafer to the silicon dioxide layer on the second wafer. All of the first wafer except for the resistors has been removed, and metal contact capable of resisting elevated temperatures are formed to provide electrical connections to the resistors.

Abstract: An electrical heater which has a conductive polymer resistive element and two laminar electrodes. The electrodes are shaped and positioned such that there is a continuous margin around the periphery of the resistive element on at least one surface. The margin is particularly useful in reducing arcing which may occur between the electrodes.

Abstract: A variable resistor with a switch which minimizes appearances of an arc and prevents incomplete contact between contacts of the switch originating from such an arc. The variable resistor with a switch includes a torsion coil spring having one end connected to a movable contact element supported for pivotal motion around a support shaft and the other end connected to a cam member also supported for pivotal motion around the support shaft. When the cam member is pivoted by movement of a slider receiver, a connecting point between the torsion coil spring and the cam member moves across a straight line interconnecting the support shaft and another connecting point between the torsion coil spring and the movable contact element so that a movable contact on the movable contact element is instantaneously brought into or out of contact with a fixed contact to turn the switch on or off irrespective of the speed of movement of the slider receiver.

Abstract: A platinum temperature sensor has a plurality of stacked plate-type ceramic sheets, platinum resistance patterns provided on the surfaces of the respective ceramic sheets so that each of the platinum resistance patterns has a plurality of bent portions, and connecting means for connecting adjacent ones of the platinum resistance patterns with each other, the patterns being provided between the ceramic sheets. The connecting means comprises through holes provided in the ceramic sheets and metal paste members arranged in the through holes to interconnect respective ends of the platinum resistance patterns.

Abstract: A cantilever beam transducer which is formed by a batch technique utilizing conventional semiconductor processes. The cantilever beam structure has a central aperture which is rectangular in configuration and which is bounded by thinned rib or thinned area sections on either side of the aperture. Each of these areas accommodate a piezoresistive bridge structure which may include a longitudinal and transverse piezoresistive sensor both of which are located on the same surface of the beam within the thinned areas. The resultant cantilever structure has minimum cross-axis sensitivity while the thin ribbed areas enable it to be deflected in directions perpendicular to the main beam surfaces. The cantilever structure further includes top and bottom glass sheets which are anodically bonded to the cantilever structure and which serve as bidirectional stops to prevent excessive forces from damaging the beam.

Abstract: A gas sensor using an n-type metal oxide semiconductor and a method for manufacturing such a gas sensor is provided. More particularly, a gas sensor for detecting an inflammable gas and a method for manufacturing the same.

Abstract: An electrical control device (8) is operable by a lever (12) and includes a deformable member (50) which is deformed in response to manual pressure on the lever. The deformable member (50) has an electrically conductive surface portion (52) which is arranged to engage a continuous area or track of resistive material (62) such that as a changing manual pressure is applied to the lever (12) a changing amount of the track is electrically bridged or short circuited by said conductive surface portions (52). The resistive area or track is connected to electrical terminals (64, 66) so as to present a continuously variable electrical resistance across the terminals depending on the manual pressure applied.

Abstract: A strain sensor including a ceramic substrate deformable in response to a stress exerted thereon, and an electrically resistive layer formed on the ceramic substrate, so that a strain of the ceramic substrate caused by the stress is detected as a change in a resistance value of the electrically resistive layer. The electrically resistive layer has a composition which includes a dielectric material selected from the group consisting of glasses and ceramics, and at least one principal electrically conductive component in the form of a powder selected from the group consisting of: borides, carbides and nitrides of Ti, Zr, Hf, V, Nb, Ta, Cr, Mo and W; borides of Y, Sc and lanthanide series; BN; B.sub.4 C; BSi; SiC; and Si.sub.3 N.sub.4.

Abstract: A thin-film heating element is formed of a temperature-stable, electrically insulating substrate having a thin, electrically conductive metal oxide film which is doped with foreign atoms which compensate each other in pairs and which each consist of at least one acceptor-forming element and one donor-forming element the metal oxide film being provided with connecting electrodes; the metal oxide film being doped with maximally 10% of each of the foreign atoms compensating each other in pairs, the quantity of the atoms differing maximally 10%.