Abstract: Disclosed is an image sensor including first to fourth, fifth to eighth, ninth to 12th and 13th to 16th unit pixel circuits, a first readout line connected to the first and ninth unit pixel circuits, a second readout line connected to the fifth and 13th unit pixel circuits, a third readout line connected to the second and 10th unit pixel circuits, a fourth readout line connected to the sixth and 14th unit pixel circuits, a fifth readout line connected to the third and 11th unit pixel circuits, a sixth readout line connected to the seventh and 15th unit pixel circuits, a seventh readout line connected to the fourth and 12th unit pixel circuits, an eighth readout line connected to the eighth and 16th unit pixel circuits, first to fourth readout circuits, and a path selector connecting the unit pixel circuits to the readout circuits via the readout lines.

Abstract: A detection device comprises a light emitting element, a first optical element and a light receiving element. The light emitting element is configured for emitting a first light beam. The first optical element is arranged on an optical path of the first light beam, and capable of reflecting the first light beam to form a second light beam transmitting in different directions circumferentially at the same time. The second light beam can be reflected by objects on an optical path of the second light beam to form a third light beam. The light receiving element is configured for receiving the third light beam.

Abstract: A method is provided for reconstructing images or video from output of neuromorphic vision (NMV) sensors in a low-light environment. The method includes passively sensing light by an array of NMV sensors in the low-light environment, integrating the sensed light by each of the NMV sensors, outputting a time-stamped event signal per sensor of the array of NMV sensors upon a value of the integration exceeding a threshold value, resetting each NMV sensor after outputting an event signal for new integration of sensed light, combining the event signals, and reconstructing an image and/or video based on the combined event signals.

Abstract: A photodetection device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure includes a pulse responder, an analog counter part, and a resetter. The pulse responder generates a pulse signal in response to light incidence. The analog counter part generates an analog first count value by performing count processing on the basis of the pulse signal. The resetter resets the first count value when the first count value exceeds a first threshold.

Abstract: According to an embodiment, a holographic image sensor comprises a lens focusing object light incident from outside of the holographic image sensor to the holographic image sensor, a filter transmitting a predetermined wavelength band of light of the focused object light, a light receiving unit receiving interference light to sense a holographic image, and a reference light source directly emitting reference light having the predetermined wavelength band to the light receiving unit.

Abstract: An imaging element of the present disclosure includes a photoelectric conversion section including a first electrode 21, a photoelectric conversion layer 23A, and a second electrode 22 that are stacked, in which a protection layer 23B including an inorganic oxide, and an inorganic oxide semiconductor material layer 23C are formed from side of the photoelectric conversion layer directly below the photoelectric conversion layer 23A.

Abstract: A photodetector device includes an avalanche photodiode array substrate formed from compound semiconductor. A plurality of avalanche photodiodes arranged to operate in a Geiger mode are two-dimensionally arranged on the avalanche photodiode array substrate. A circuit substrate includes a plurality of output units which are connected to each other in parallel to form at least one channel. Each of the output units includes a passive quenching element and a capacitative element. The passive quenching element is connected in series to at least one of the plurality of avalanche photodiodes. The capacitative element is connected in series to at least one of the avalanche photodiodes and is connected in parallel to the passive quenching element.

Abstract: A light receiving device according to the present disclosure includes: a light receiving element that generates a signal in response to reception of a photon; a readout circuit that reads out a signal generated by the light receiving element; and a protection circuit that is provided between the light receiving element and the readout circuit and protects a circuit element of the readout circuit from overvoltage. Further, a distance measuring device according to the present disclosure includes a light receiving device of the above configuration.

Abstract: A method for profiling a laser beam includes receiving the laser beam at a thermochromic interface of a detector. A temperature set point for the detector can be selected. The temperature set point can correspond to an equilibrium temperature at the thermochromic interface. The method can also include capturing an image of the thermochromic interface and using the image to determine a partial intensity profile corresponding to at least a portion of the beam intensity profile. A reconstructed beam profile can be assembled using the partial intensity profile. If the reconstructed beam profile is not complete, the method can include iterating over additional temperature set points to determine additional partial intensity profiles. The method can also include determining that the reconstructed beam profile is complete and outputting the reconstructed beam profile.

Abstract: According to an aspect, a detection device includes a plurality of optical sensors arranged on a substrate. Each of the optical sensors includes a first photodiode and a second photodiode that is coupled in series and in an opposite direction to the first photodiode.

Abstract: Polarization-aided image contrast enhancement is disclosed. A rotatable polarizing element (e.g., a linear polarizer, waveplate and static polarization analyzer, etc.) may be inserted in front of an imaging camera (e.g., between the optics and camera of a telescope) to suppress a significant amount of polarized background sky brightness due to sunlight scattered by aerosols and gas particles in the sky and enhance imaging contrast of the field. This may be accomplished by installing a linear polarizer into a motorized rotation stage. As the polarizer rotates in the stage, transmitted sky brightness will vary sinusoidally with polarizer orientation. At any point in the sky and at any time, there will exist a polarizer orientation that minimizes transmitted sky intensity and maximizes contrast in the image.

Abstract: A photocurrent amplification circuit, an amplification control method, an optical detection module and a display apparatus are provided, where the photocurrent amplification circuit includes a photoelectric sensor, a compensation circuit, a reset circuit, an energy storage circuit and a drive circuit, and the photoelectric sensor is configured to sense the optical signal and convert the optical signal into the photocurrent signal; the compensation circuit controls the communication between the control terminal of the drive circuit and the first terminal of the drive circuit under the control of the compensation control signal; the reset circuit controls the communication between the first voltage terminal and the control terminal of the drive circuit under the control of the reset control signal.

Abstract: An image sensor includes a substrate including a first surface on which light is incident and a second surface opposite to the first surface, unit pixels in the substrate, each including a photoelectric conversion layer, color filters on the first surface of the substrate, a grid pattern on the first surface of the substrate defining a respective light receiving area of each of the unit pixels, and microlenses on the color filters, each of the microlenses corresponding to a respective one of the unit pixels, wherein the unit pixels include a first pixel and a second pixel sharing a first color filter which is one of the color filters, and a first light receiving area of the first pixel is different from a second light receiving area of the second pixel.

Abstract: An imaging device may include single-photon avalanche diodes (SPADs). To improve the sensitivity and signal-to-noise ratio of the SPADs, light scattering structures may be formed in the semiconductor substrate to increase the path length of incident light through the semiconductor substrate. To mitigate crosstalk, multiple rings of isolation structures may be formed around the SPAD. An outer deep trench isolation structure may include a metal filler such as tungsten and may be configured to absorb light. The outer deep trench isolation structure therefore prevents crosstalk between adjacent SPADs. Additionally, one or more inner deep trench isolation structures may be included. The inner deep trench isolation structures may include a low-index filler to reflect light and keep incident light in the active area of the SPAD.

Abstract: A photoelectric conversion apparatus includes a plurality of pixels each including a first avalanche photodiode and a second avalanche photodiode having a light-receiving surface area size different from a light-receiving surface area size of the first avalanche photodiode. The first avalanche photodiode is connected between a first waveform shaping circuit and a first switch. The second avalanche photodiode is connected between a second waveform shaping circuit and a second switch. An inverter circuit is connected between a control node of the first switch and a control node of the second switch.

Abstract: There is provided a pixel circuit including an optically sensitive material (OSM) layer and a readout circuit. The OSM layer is arranged upon the readout circuit, and used to sense light energy to generate signal charges to be integrated in a floating diffusion. The readout circuit includes a source follower for amplifying a voltage on the floating diffusion within a readout interval, and the voltage on the floating diffusion is not changed by an external voltage pulse within the readout interval.

Abstract: Described is a method for managing a trackable solar panel assembly and a variable reflective surface. The method can receive solar farm characteristics and location characteristics for the solar farm. The method can also receive solar panel assembly characteristics for a solar panel assembly and variable reflective surface characteristics for a variable reflective surface. The method can optimize control parameters for the solar panel assembly and the variable reflective surface, based on the solar farm characteristics, the location characteristics, the solar panel assembly characteristics, and the variable reflective surface characteristics. The method can adjust the variable reflective surface based on the control parameters.

Abstract: An optical keyswitch includes a keycap, a support mechanism, and a switch module. The support mechanism is disposed below the keycap and configured to support the keycap moving upward and downward, the support mechanism comprising a first frame and a second frame, the first frame having a sliding end. The switch module includes a circuit board, an emitter, and a receiver, the emitter and the receiver are electrically connected to the circuit board, and the emitter emitting an optical signal to the receiver. When the keycap is pressed, the first frame is driven by the keycap to slide substantially parallel to the circuit board and block the optical signal with the sliding end, so the switch module is triggered to generate a triggering signal.

Abstract: A system is disclosed for producing an output photon having a predefined frequency. The system comprises a frequency comb generator for generating a frequency comb. The system further comprises a frequency comb mode selector configured to: receive a heralding signal representative of the detection of a first photon of a frequency-correlated photon pair, the heralding signal indicative of a frequency of the heralded second photon of the frequency-correlated photon pair; and select, based on the received heralding signal, a comb spectral mode of the frequency comb. The system further comprises a non-linear photonic element configured to receive the heralded second photon and the selected comb spectral mode and produce an output photon having the predefined frequency based on the frequency of the heralded second photon and the selected comb spectral mode. Methods, controllers and computer-readable media are also described herein.

Abstract: The invention relates to a head-mounted visualization system having a wearing system, at least one light-transmissive optical system, an image generation device designed to generate image information based on the image data supplied to the image generation device, wherein the optical system is designed to supply image information generated by the image generation device to a person wearing the visualization system, and a polarization unit designed to polarize light penetrating the optical system differently in two spatial regions. The invention further relates to a surgical visualization system having such a head-mounted visualization system and to a visualization method for a surgical environment.