Abstract: A refrigeration apparatus driven by a Stirling cooler and having reduced internal vibrations. The apparatus may include an insulated enclosure. The enclosure may define an opening from the inside to the outside. A heat-conducting member may be disposed within the enclosure and in alignment with the opening. The apparatus may further include a Stirling cooler. The Stirling cooler may be selectively connectable to the heat-conducting member. A cushioning member may be disposed between the heat-conducting member and the enclosure, such that vibrations from the Stirling cooler to the enclosure are reduced.

Abstract: A cooler is described including at least one combination ice pack and canteen. A container with a dispensing opening is partially filled with water, frozen, and then placed in the cooler along with cooler contents. The ice in the container maintains the cooler contents at a reduced temperature, so that the container serves as an ice pack. Melt-water resulting from melting of the ice while the container is in the cooler may be dispensed as drinking water, so that the container also serves as a canteen. A preferred combination ice pack and canteen comprises a flexible, substantially water-tight bag with an integral, flexible, re-sealable pour spout. The bag is partially filled and preferably arranged in a substantially flattened shape for freezing. Two such flattened ice packs may be placed above and below, or on either side of, the cooler contents.

Abstract: An absorption cold or hot water generating machine is driven by a high-temperature exhaust gas discharged from an external apparatus such as a gas turbine. The absorption cold or hot water generating machine includes an exhaust gas path for introducing a high-temperature exhaust gas serving as a heat source into a high-temperature generator, and then an exhaust heat recovery generator. A low-temperature generator comprises a liquid film-type generator in which solution is sprayed on a heat transfer tube bank, and refrigerant vapor generated in the exhaust heat recovery generator is led to a heat transfer tube bank of the low-temperature generator.

Abstract: A cooling system, which includes a compressor for compressing the refrigerant by operation of a motor, a condenser, an expansion means, and an evaporator, comprises a motor cooling device for cooling down the motor by making some of the refrigerant passed the condenser flow to the compressor according to temperature of the motor, and therefore the heat of high temperature generated from the motor in the compressor during the operation of the compressor which is used in the cooling system can be cooled down efficiently.

Abstract: An energy-saving refrigeration system circulates a mixture of R-134a, R-32 and R-125 whose composition is controlled using a vapor separator. A vortex generator is a preferred means to separate the mixture. For high thermal load operation, R-32 stays in the circulating line with increased cooling capacity, and R-134a and R-125 are stored in a storage tank. Conversely, for low thermal load operation, R-134a and R-125 stay in the circulating line with increased EER, and R-32 is stored in a storage tank. Multiple storage tanks can be used to control the composition of each refrigerant independently.

Abstract: A hydrogen containing nanostructure is provided, where the hydrogen is adsorbed to the nanostructure by physisorption. The nanostructure includes light elements, selected from the second and third rows of the periodic table. The nanostructure is formed as a layered network of light elements coupled with covalent sp2 bonds. The chemical composition of the nanostructure can be such that the desorption temperature of hydrogen is greater than the liquefaction temperature of nitrogen, 77 K. Further, a hydrogen storage system is provided, including a container and a nanostructured storage material within the container, wherein the nanostructured storage material includes light elements, and the nanostructured storage material is capable of adsorbing hydrogen by physisorption. The hydrogen storage system can include a liquid nitrogen based cooling system, capable of cooling the nanostructured storage material below the desorption temperature of hydrogen.

Abstract: A process is provided for converting a boil-off stream comprising methane to a liquid having a preselected bubble point temperature. The boil-off stream is pressurized, then cooled, and then expanded to further cool and at least partially liquefy the boil-off stream. The preselected bubble point temperature of the resulting pressurized liquid is obtained by performing at least one of the following steps: before, during, or after the process of liquefying the boil-off stream, removing from the boil-off stream a predetermined amount of one or more components, such as nitrogen, having a vapor pressure greater than the vapor pressure of methane, and before, during, or after the process of liquefying the boil-off stream, adding to the boil-off stream one or more additives having a molecular weight heavier than the molecular weight of methane and having a vapor pressure less than the vapor pressure of methane.

Abstract: The present invention involves an air cycle system having a preventative icing feature for climate control of a vehicle cabin. The air cycle system includes a compressor for compressing air, an intercooler for cooling compressed air, an expander for expanding air pressure, and a means for controlling conditions of air at atmospheric pressure. The compressor has a compressor inlet for ambient air and a compressor outlet for compressed air. The intercooler has an intercooler inlet for receiving compressed air from the compressor and an intercooler outlet for exiting intercooled air. The expander has an expander inlet for receiving air from the intercooler and has an expander outlet for exiting air at atmospheric pressure at an expanded condition. The expanded condition of the air at atmospheric pressure is above the icing temperature of water to prevent icing at the expander outlet.

Abstract: A system and method for cooling a material with liquefied natural gas where liquefied natural gas and the material to be cryogenically cooled are brought into direct or indirect contact and cooled material and a combination of liquefied natural gas and natural gas are removed. Cooling may also employ an intermediate cooling medium such as a refrigerant or nitrogen. In the case of converting rubber in tires to rubber crumb, cooling of the products of a hammer mill and a fine grind mill by nitrogen subsequent to the cooling of nitrogen by a refrigerant and the refrigerant by liquefied natural gas converts shredded tires into recyclable rubber crumb.

Abstract: A method for operating a cryogenic plant using an online real-time monitoring and diagnostic system that continually compares actual versus expected plant key performance indicators, alerts operating personnel to any significant performance shortfall, assists in required diagnostics, and suggests corrective actions, preferably using a top-down diagnostic tree methodology that presents calculated key performance indicators to the operator in a manner which logically flows from plant overview to detailed breakdown by plant area and equipment component.

Abstract: In order to boost production of a product (A) of an existing separation plant (X, 1), an additional plant (Y) is integrated with the original plant so as to enable the original plant (X) to produce more of that product (A+B), whilst the additional plant may or may not necessarily itself produce the same product directly. For example, air is separated in a first unit, which is an existing double column distillation plant, to produce an oxygen rich fluid. So as to increase the production of the oxygen rich fluid, a second unit, which is a wash column (15), is integrated with the first unit. Air (41) is separated in the single nitrogen wash column (15) to remove oxygen and gaseous nirogen (42) is produced at the top of the column. The wash column is fed with liquid nitrogen (39) from the high pressure column (25) of an existing air separation unit.

Abstract: Moisture in a refrigeration circuit is absorbed by means of a polyvinyl ether oil that has hygroscopicity and serves as a refrigerating machine oil. Therefore, even if a compressor comes to have an elevated temperature attributed to the employment of a refrigerant made of a single substance of R32, the insulating film of the built-in motor of the compressor is hard to hydrolyze. Moreover, by setting a saturated moisture amount of polyvinyl ether at a temperature of 30° C. and a relative humidity of 80% to 5000 ppm or more, a tensile strength retention rate of the motor insulating film made of PET or PEN, which can easily be processed, can be set to 50% or more, by which the deterioration of the insulating film can be prevented. Therefore, the performance of the refrigerating apparatus can be stabilized for a long term by avoiding the breakdown of the compressor.

Abstract: Process for the recovery of components heavier than methane from natural gas, wherein the process comprises (a) cooling a natural gas feed to provide a cooled natural gas feed and introducing the cooled natural gas feed into an absorber column at a first location therein; (b) withdrawing from the absorber column a first overhead vapor stream depleted in components heavier than methane and a bottoms stream enriched in components heavier than methane; (c) introducing a methane-rich reflux stream at a second location in the absorber column above the first location; (d) separating the bottoms stream into a stream enriched in methane and one or more streams enriched in components heavier than ethane; and (e) introducing an absorber liquid comprising components heavier than ethane into the absorber column at a location between the first location and the second location.

Abstract: A method and device for rapidly changing at least one of the temperature and the state of a liquid in a container is provided. The container is rapidly rotated about its longitudinal axis. A source of a thin film of a medium having a different temperature than the liquid in the container is provided to thermally affect the container while rotating the container. The container is positioned at an angle to the horizontal of less than 45°, and the position of the container with respect to the thin film source is controlled by angling the axis of the container skewed from the axis of the rotating mechanism. The device can be used to cool liquids such as beverages, warm liquids such as infant formula, and/or make ice cream.

Abstract: A water de-salination and ice slush producing system separates potable water and brine from sea water in a reverse osmosis apparatus. A chiller tube produces ice slush from the sea water mixed with waste brine. The chiller tube has an outer housing and a first cylindrical wall, defining a first cooling space together with the outer housing. A first cooling conduit is inside the first cooling space, for circulating a coolant to cool down the first cylindrical wall. A second cylindrical wall defines an ice generating space together with the first cylindrical wall.

Abstract: A method for cooling components of installations charged with flowable media, in particular molding units for glass melts, and for direct cooling of molded glass parts. A stable cooling range between 60° C. and 280° C., such as is required in glass production, can be governed with the cooling medium, which is of a mixture of compressed and/or blower air and a water aerosol fog.

Abstract: Natural gas liquefaction systems are provided wherein dependent trains including only cryogenic heat exchanger systems are serviced by common components in the system such that individual components need not be included in each dependent train for servicing that function. Further, the common components are positioned near the LNG storage tanks which, in turn, are typically located a substantial distance from the trains. This significantly reduces capital costs and allows boil-off gas from LNG storage tanks to be used for cooling in addition to being used as a fuel gas.

Abstract: A system and method provide for storage and supply of a pressurized gas aboard a launch vehicle such as a rocket-powered craft. Certain rocket powered vehicles, require that one or more propellant tanks be pressurized for a continuous supply of propellant to the rocket engines and to maintain tank structural integrity. According to the system described herein, certain heating elements may be employed for controlling the pressure in a gas supply bottle during the outflow of gas from the bottle so as to provide a continuous supply of pressurized gas and to make available of a large percentage of the gas stored in the bottle. Further, the system described herein provides for the storage of helium under densities above that of liquid helium and through use of a heat source, such as rocket engine supplied hot gas, provides a supply of gas such that it can be used for tank pressurization.

Abstract: Xenon and/or krypton are recovered from oxygen containing gas, typically derived from liquid oxygen bottoms in a cryogenic air separation plant, by selective adsorption on a Li and Ag exchange zeolite containing 5 to 40% Ag exchange capacity on an equivalents basis, with periodic thermal regeneration of the adsorbent.

Abstract: An aircraft air conditioner uses a cooling device to cool air extracted from an engine before feeding it into a cabin. This extracted air is mixed with recirculation air that is returned to the cabin after flowing out from the cabin. The mixture of the recirculation air and the extracted air is fed into an air separating section. This air separating section has a selectively permeable membrane that separates the air flowing through an air flow path of the air conditioner into nitrogen-enriched gas and oxygen-concentrated air. The nitrogen-enriched gas is capable of being fed into a fuel peripheral region of the aircraft, and the oxygen-concentrated air is capable of being fed into the cabin.