Abstract: A level tool is arranged to facilitate gradient measurement and matching of lines on inclined surfaces, such as to establish parallel reference lines when installing roofing materials. The tool has a rule-like base member defining an elongated reference edge, and has a centrally located protrusion on its lower surface and a level on its upper surface for sensing orientation of the tool around an axis perpendicular to the base member and to the level. A plurality of resilient members depend from the protrusion and serve to stabilize the level tool when determining parallel lines. The level can have a fluid filled disk or circularly arched tube with a captive air bubble, and preferably is graduated to mark positions of the bubble. The tool is placed on the inclined surface so that the raised protrusion and at least one of the resilient members rests against the inclined surface and a reference edge is parallel to the plane of the surface and aligned to a pre-existing line to be matched with a parallel line.

Abstract: Solder paste is deposited using a solder stencil with an aperture having a concave edge in order to reduce the formation of solder balls. The solder deposit may be formed on a pad such that the paste has a concave edge. Solder paste deposits may be made on adjacent pads with the concave surfaces facing one another.

Abstract: A videocassette time measurement device (10) comprising a structure (12) for housing a videocassette (14), so that the videocassette (14) can be freely inserted thereinto and taken out therefrom. A facility (16) is on the housing structure (12), for indicating the amount of time available and used on the tape (18) within the videocassette (14).

Abstract: A device for measuring and/or checking the diameter of a cylindrical part (2) moving orbitally about an axis (3) during a grinding process. The device comprises a measuring head (7) coupled to a holder (18, 22) which is provided with a member (26) for engaging the circumference of the part (2), and is movably mounted in a direction parallel to itself on a frame (31) so that it can follow the orbital motion of the part (2). Grinding is performed by means of a tool (1) moving transversely to said axis (3), and the frame (31) is moved transversely to said axis and synchronised with the motion of the tool (1).

Abstract: An apparatus and a method for measuring eccentricity between two circular members which are attached together is provided. The apparatus includes a vernier measuring device of a main scale and a vernier scale, and a mounting block having a V-shaped notch in a top surface for receiving a circular member and for mounting the main scale of the vernier measuring device securely to the block. The novel apparatus and method can be used to not only making direct measurement of the eccentricity between the two centers, they may also be used to read directly the number of pulses required for making adjustment to a robot arm when the divisions on the main scale and the vernier scale are specifically designed for such purpose.

Abstract: A nickel-cobalt-manganese oxide monocrystal having a cubic spinel structure over a broad concentration range of manganese/cobalt/nickel, including the entire possible range of manganese to nickel ratios, provided that the resulting monocrystal has a cubic spinel structure. A flux method is described for producing the monocrystals. Also disclosed are sensors, based on the monocrystals, having desirable electrical properties In particular, the sensors of the present invention are highly accurate temperature sensors or thermistors having high sensitivity, good reproducibility and improved aging characteristics. Performance of a sensor based on the monocrystal permits the preparation of a thermistor standard which can be used to evaluate the performance of ceramic devices.

Abstract: A new cutting height gage for accurately setting the cutting height on greens mowers or other precision type mowers comprises a straight flat bar with a dial indicator at one end, a shouldered pin moveable perpendicular to the bar and a mechanism extending horizontally underneath the bar to transmit pin vertical movement to the dial indicator. When properly positioned the shouldered pin engages the cutter bar of the mower and the dial indicator is easily viewable from above the mower without significantly raising the mower or removing the cutting unit from the mower.

Abstract: A marking tape having a plain paper body. The body is dimensionally stable and rippable, with the paper being flexible, but stiff enough to retain a fold therein. The tape has a first surface with a plurality of relative measurement markings and a second surface with an adhesive applied thereto. The first surface is also treated with a release agent, to permit the adhesive layer to release from said first surface when formed into a roll. A longitudinal bending feature is provided, in the form of a score or razor cut which facilitates placement of the marking tape onto a material to be marked.

Abstract: This invention concerns a noncontacting type thermometer which is improved in sensitivity of detection and accuracy of measurement and meanwhile adapted to prevent a thermistor element itself from self-generation of heat. A pulse voltage generating circuit 15 generates a pulse voltage of a rectangular waveform having a pulse wave height, a pulse width, and a pulse cycle enough to render negligible the effects of the self-generation of heat of a thermistor bolometer element in accordance with the thermal capacity of the thermistor bolometer. A detecting circuit 20 admits the pulse voltage, generates a differential voltage arising from a change in the magnitude of resistance corresponding to the amount of an incident infrared radiation of an infrared radiation detecting thermistor bolometer element RA, and amplifies this differential voltage by means of a differential amplifier 24.

Abstract: A temperature-measuring assembly indicates temperatures in a cold space subject to relatively rapid changes in air temperature from time-to-time. The assembly includes an elongate, tubular container having an open end. A cap with an opening therein is located on the open end of the container. A thermometer with a temperature-sensing stem extends through the opening and through a substantial distance of the container. The thermometer has a temperature indicator on the stem outside the container. An antifreeze liquid substantially fills the container, surrounding the stem. The temperature of this liquid is sensed by the stem and indicated on the temperature indicator outside the container. The liquid changes temperature much more slowly than changes in the air temperature in the cold space.

Abstract: An improved medical thermometer is disclosed that provides an accurate estimate of a patient's temperature in substantially reduced time as compared to prior thermometers of this kind. This improved performance is achieved by configuring the thermometer to include a hollow, thin-walled metallic probe tip sized for secure attachment to the remote end of an elongated base. This defines an elongated cavity within the probe tip, and a thermistor is bonded to the probe tip within that cavity. The cavity is configured to be substantially longer in the direction of the probe's longitudinal axis than it is in a transverse direction, to inhibit the conduction of heat along the probe tip to the elongated base. The temperature of the thermistor, therefore, closely follows the temperature of any surface that contacts the metallic tip.

Abstract: Monocrystalline nickel-cobalt-manganese-copper oxide having a cubic spinel structure over a broad range of concentration ratios of manganese/cobalt/nickel/copper, including methods of producing such monocrystals, particularly those having a quaternary cubic spinel structure. Sensors having desirable electrical properties are disclosed, which sensors comprise at least a portion of such monocrystals. In particular, such sensors are highly accurate temperature sensors or thermistors having high sensitivity, good reproducibility and improved aging characteristics.

Abstract: An infrared thermal sensor assembly for sensing the temperature of a target, the sensor assembly including a heat sink having a bore therethrough; a thermopile housed in the bore; and a heater operative to heat the heat sink.

Abstract: A test system predicts when brush holder support blocks in a traction motor frame commutator chamber are properly oriented with respect to each other and a bore axis. Brush holders are modified to include a rod extending orthogonally therefrom. First and second rods extending from opposite sides of the commutator chamber are substantially parallel, and third and fourth rods extending from opposite sides of the commutator chamber are also substantially parallel. The four rods form a rectangle-like polygon having first and second opposed sides and third and fourth opposed sides. In accordance with the testing method, the lengths of the sides, the difference between the lengths of the first and second opposed sides, and the difference between the lengths of the third and fourth opposed sides provide an indication of the orthogonality and spacing of the brush holder support blocks with respect to the bore axis.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for mapping the character and location of medium conditions for a planar surface. Energy is supplied to a head in close proximity to the planar surface to thereby raise the temperature of the object. The head is moved with respect to the planar surface while keeping the distance from the planar surface substantially constant. An increase, decrease or a rapid variation containing positive and negative temperature excursions is distinguished by electronic means. These variations are used to categorize disturbances or contact with the medium, and the location and type of condition is recorded in hard copy or by computer acquisition for later consideration in the file manufacture process. Additionally, magnetic and thermal information may be combined to provide an even more complete description of the nature of the condition, since the magnetic and thermal signals are descriptive of different physical phenomenon.

Abstract: A clinical thermometer with maximum function with a non-toxic eutectic Ga alloy as measuring fluid 14 inside a measuring tube 13 which provides adhesion forces larger than the cohesion forces inherent in liquid 14. To reach the maximum function, therefore, the customary Hick'sche constriction is not required any more facilitating production and handling of said clinical thermometer. Furthermore, a special Ga/In/Sn alloy is described, which may be used not only for clinical thermometers but also as a lubricant.

Abstract: Solder paste is deposited using a solder stencil with an aperture having a concave edge in order to reduce the formation of solder balls. The solder deposit may be formed on a pad such that the paste has a concave edge. Solder paste deposits may be made on adjacent pads with the concave surfaces facing one another.

Abstract: This invention is a fiber-based multi-color pyrometry set-up for real-time non-contact temperature and emissivity measurement. The system includes a single optical fiber to collect radiation emitted by a target, a reflective rotating chopper to split the collected radiation into two or more paths while modulating the radiation for lock-in amplification (i.e., phase-sensitive detection), at least two detectors possibly of different spectral bandwidths with or without filters to limit the wavelength regions detected and optics to direct and focus the radiation onto the sensitive areas of the detectors. A computer algorithm is used to calculate the true temperature and emissivity of a target based on blackbody calibrations. The system components are enclosed in a light-tight housing, with provision for the fiber to extend outside to collect the radiation.

Abstract: By employing a "modulated-temperature" heating program composed of a series of heat-isotherm stages, it is possible to separate the change in dimensions of an oriented material during heating into two contributions: a thermally "reversing" component which is due to linear thermal expansion and a "non-reversing" part arising from relaxation to the disordered state on heating above T.sub.g. Some preliminary results for biaxially drawn poly(ethylene terephthalate) film are presented.

Abstract: A method for pre-positioning the driveshaft sections of an axially adjustable driveshaft assembly prior to installation within a vehicle to facilitate the installation process. An installation tool is provided with first and second members which are movable relative to one another. Reference indicia are provided on one or both of the members such that mounting surfaces provided thereon can be spaced apart from one another by a predetermined amount. The mounting surfaces of the installation tool are mounted on separate sections of the driveshaft assembly. Then, the driveshaft sections are moved relative to one another until the reference indicia provided on the installation tool are properly aligned. When such alignment is achieved, the overall axial length of the driveshaft assembly is approximately equal to the desired length between the engine/transmission assembly and the axle assembly. Then, the installation tool is removed, and the driveshaft assembly is installed in the vehicle.