Abstract: A novel photocrosslinkable polymeric system has been developed for processing into films having stable second-order nonlinear optical properties. In the present system, polymers bearing photo-crosslinkable chromophores, such as polyvinylcinnamate and are reacted with appropriately designed nonlinear optical molecules with the cinnamate or other photocrosslinkable functionalities for photocrosslinking at one, two or more points. The system can be poled and photocrosslinked in the poled state to yield a material with stable optical nonlinearity and large electro-optic coefficients.

Abstract: The present invention provides a carrier comprising a core and a coating for developing electrostatic images, the core being formed from a specific polymer composition.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a photoelectrographic element having a conductive layer in electrical contact with an acid photogenerating layer which is free of photopolymerizable materials and contains an electrically insulating binder and an onium acid photogenerator. A dye or pigment which undergoes a color density or hue shift upon exposure with radiation is included in the photoelectrographic element. A method for forming images with this element is also disclosed.

Abstract: A retrograde profile is formed in a photoresist layer (11, 20) by modifying the rate at which a photoresist developer solution dissolves a portion (12) of a photoresist layer (11, 20). The photoresist layer (11, 20) is exposed to a chemical such as hexamethyldisilizane or dimethylsulfoxane to allow a portion (12) of the photoresist (11, 20) to absorb the chemical. The photoresist (11, 20) is then heated in order to enhance a reaction between the photoresist (11, 20) and the chemical. The reaction modifies a portion (12) of the photoresist (11, 20) to reduce the rate at which the portion (12) of the photoresist (11, 20) is dissolved by a developer solution.

Abstract: Radiator-Curable coating compositions which form transparent, abrasion-resistant, tintable coatings upon curing by exposure to high intensity irradiation, such as ultraviolet light or electron beam irradiation. The coating composition comprises a combination of effective amounts of (a) colloidal silica, (b) the hydrolysis product of a silane compound having a polymerizable functional group such as acryloxy-functional silanes or glycidoxy-functional silanes or mixtures of both, (c) polyfunctional, polymerizable, non-acrylate-functional ethers, (d) at least one radiation sensitive initiator and, preferably, (e) a monofunctional monomer. When the surface of a substrate coated with the cured coating composition is immersed in a colored dye bath for a sufficient period of time, the coating absorbs or transmits to the substrate a desired amount of dye.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a photoelectrographic element having a conductive layer in electrical contact with a acid photogenerating layer which is free of photopolymerizable materials and contains an acid photogenerator, a pigment which absorbs near-infrared radiation, and, preferably, an electrically insulating binder. Contiguous with the acid photogenerating layer is a charge transport layer formed from a polymeric binder and one or more charge transport materials. A process for forming images with this element is also disclosed.

Abstract: Disclosed is a printing plate, for an electrophotographic process, which comprises an electroconductive support and a photosensitive layer formed on the electroconductive support, in which the photosensitive layer is formed by incorporating (a) a trisazo pigment represented by the general formula (I) and (b) at least one member selected from perynone pigments and anthanthrone pigments as photoconductive substances and (c) at least one electron donor substance as a sensitizer in an alkali-soluble binder resin. This printing plate has a high sensitivity and a printing image having a high quality is formed on the printing plate without contamination of the non-image area due to the electrophotography, and prints having a high-quality image can be obtained by using this printing plate.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoconductor comprising an electroconductive support, and a photoconductive layer formed thereon comprising at least one tertiary amine compound having a condensed polycyclic hydrocarbon group of formula (I): ##STR1## wherein A.sup.1 and A.sup.2 each independently represent an unsubstituted or substituted alkyl group or aryl group, and Ar represents an unsubstituted or substituted condensed polycyclic hydrocarbon group. Furthermore, novel tertiary amine compounds having a condensed polycyclic hydrocarbon group are disclosed.

Abstract: In a method of forming a solid article of predetermined shape from a liquid which can be cured by exposure to radiation, a surface upon which the article is to be formed is provided. A predetermined region of the surface is exposed to a beam of radiation. Liquid is then supplied to an unexposed region of the surface such that a solid barrier, defining a surface of the solid article, is created at the interface of the liquid and the beam. The solid barrier is effective as a mold to contain the liquid which has been supplied but not yet cured until this liquid is cured. Such a method can be used to encapsulate a microelectronic device.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive member has a conductive substrate and a photosensitive layer formed thereon. The photosensitive layer contains a compound represented by the following formula (1): ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are the same or different and are each a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, and substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, m and n are each of 0. 1 or 2, and A.sub.1 and A.sub.2 are the same or different and are each a coupler residue having a phenolic hydroxyl group.

Abstract: A photomask comprises a light blocking portion and at least one of first and second light transmitting portions adjacent to the light blocking portion. The first light transmitting portion is provided on opposite ends thereof with phase shifters for shifting the phase of a transmitted light by 1/2 wavelength, while the second light transmitting portion is provided in the center thereof with the phase shifter. Thus, light transmitted by ends of the first and second light transmitting portions cancel light refracted from centers thereof, so that an edge of an optical image of the photomask can be kept steep.

Abstract: A toner for developing an electrostatic image, comprising color resin particles and a particulate additive. The color resin particles contain at least a coloring agent and a binding resin. The color resin particles possess irregular surfaces but not breaks, and the irregularity may be formed by depositing and fixing onto the surface fine resin particles having an average particle size in a range of 1/200 to 1/10 of the color resin particle size. A particulate additive has an average particles size of not more than 1/10 of volume average particle size of the color resin particles. The BET specific surface area of the toner changes by 20% or less before and after the forced stirring of the toner.

Abstract: Photocurable liquid coating compositions adapted to provide primary coatings for optical glass fibers are disclosed. These compositions comprise polycarbonate-based acrylate-terminated polyurethane, an acrylate of an unsubstituted or C.sub.1 -C.sub.10 alkyl substituted phenol that is alkoxylated with a C.sub.2 -C.sub.4 alkylene oxide and at least one alkylacrylate having a T.sub.g below about -45.degree. C. Films produced from these ultraviolet light curable compositions are flexible and possess good water resistance and good wet adhesion.

Abstract: The method of constructing an air bridge on a substrate between spaced apart conductors on the substrate with the bridge spanning the distance between the conductors, by using PMGI to build a bridge pad on the substrate; using PMMA to build a bridge pattern over the pad with the ends of said conductors extending into said pattern; depositing titanium and gold over said pad within said pattern by directing the titanium and gold into said pattern onto said pad and conductor ends using relative motion between the substrate and the titanium and gold; and removing the PMGI and PMMA.

Abstract: An image forming method comprises the steps of feeding a magnetic toner onto a toner carrying member, wherein the magnetic toner comprises a binder resin and a magnetic powder with a volume average particle diameter ranging from 7 .mu.m to 10 .mu.m, and the magnetic toner particles have a quantity of triboelectric charge which satisfies the following expression:0.1.times.A+2.ltoreq.-Q.ltoreq.0.1.times.A+16.The magnetic toner is triboelectrically charged to impart a negative triboelectric charge to the magnetic toner. An electrostatic latent image is formed on a latent image carrying member by using the magnetic toner to form a toner image. Thereafter, the toner image is transferred to a transfer medium.

Abstract: Polymer compositions having a styrene-derived backbone chain and having pendant side chains containing a nitrone functional group undergo changes in refractive index upon exposure to actinic radiation. Waveguides are "written" in films containing such polymers by exposing predetermined areas to sufficient radiation to change the refractive index.

Abstract: Collagen-based compositions as adhesives and sealants for medical use and preparation thereof are described. Prior to polymerization, soluble or partially fibrillar collagen monomers in solution are chemically modified with an acylating agent, sulfonating agent or a combination of the foregoing. The collagen compositions prepared accordingly can be used as medical adhesives for bonding soft tissues or be made in to a sealant film for a variety of medical uses such as wound closures and tendon wraps for preventing adhesion formation following surgery.

Abstract: The invention provides an electrophotographic photoreceptor of high sensitivity and high endurance which comprises a conductive support and a light-sensitive layer which contains at least one bis-azo compound selected from the group consisting of those represented by the following formulas (I)-(II): ##STR1## wherein n represents 0, 1, or 3; R.sup.1 represents a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, or an alkyl, aralkyl, aryl, hyterocyclic or alkoxy group which may have a substituent and when n is 2 or 3, R.sup.1 may be identical or different; R.sup.2 represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a cyano group, or an ester, alkyl, aralkyl or aryl group which may have a substituent; R.sup.3 represents an alkyl, aralkyl, aryl or heterocyclic group which may have a substituent; Ar represents an arylene which may have a substituent; and A.sup.1 and A.sup.2 each represents an aryl or heterocyclic group which has a hydroxyl group and may be identical or different.

Abstract: Described is a process for improving a photo sensitive material of polyvinylpyrrolidone type by improving its chemical and ability to maintain a straight line property even after etching. The present invention proposes such that at least one of a nitrate, a sulfate or a hydrochloride of two or three valanced metal ions is added to polyvinylpyrrolidone in the ratio of 0.01 to 10% and then well stirred with the appropriate amount of an aqueous ammonia at the normal or room temperatures to obtain a pH of 7 to 10 thereby producing a metal hydroxide.

Abstract: A photopolymerizable composition comprising an addition polymerizable ethylenically unsaturated compound and a photopolymerization initiator system, wherein the photopolymerization initiator system comprises:(a) a squarylium dye containing a following formula (I), ##STR1## wherein each of R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 is a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group or aryl group, and each of A and B is a substituted or unsubstituted benzene ring or naphthalene ring, and(b) a s-triazine compound having at least one halogenated methyl group.