Abstract: A device for in situ cleaning a fouled membrane of a sensor disposed in an aqueous process solution includes a first electrolysis electrode disposed in the process solution immediately adjacent the membrane, a second electrolysis electrode disposed in the process solution and spaced apart from the first electrolysis electrode, and a controllable power source for passing a current between said first and second electrodes. The current produces a heavy concentration of ions at a surface of the fouled membrane. The polarity of the current is selectable to produce negative or positive ions for reacting to decompose deposited salts, or to scrub contaminates from the membrane surface.

Abstract: A device for separating and compressing carbon dioxide from a carbonate salt comprises an anion membrane and a cation membrane. The anion and cation membranes define a fluid feed compartment. The anion membrane has an anode disposed on it. The cation membrane has a cathode disposed on it. An enclosed carbon dioxide collection compartment, in which carbon dioxide pressure can be regulated, is located adjacent to the anode. The device also has an enclosed scrubbing fluid collection compartment adjacent to the cathode and means for inducing an electrical potential across the anode and cathode. The device is capable of supplying carbon dioxide at high pressures when a carbonate salt is fed to the fluid feed compartment and an electrical potential is induced across the anode and cathode.

Abstract: Thickened aqueous automatic dishwashing detergent compositions comprising polycarboxylate polymers and phosphate esters having enhanced stability and cohesiveness.

Abstract: A shade enhancing agent comprises an aqueous resin emulsion composition obtained by polymerizing a monomer in the presence of a cationic surfactant or a cationic protective colloid, polymerizing a monomer and adding a cationic protective colloid or polymerizing a monomer in the presence of a cationic or nonionic emulsifying dispersant so as to have a cationic group in the molecule, a dry film of said composition having a glass transition point (Tg) in the range between 20.degree. C. and 110.degree. C. and a refractive index of 1.50 or less, said emulsion composition having a zeta potential in the range between +5 and +80 mV at an ion strength of 10.sup.-3 and a pH value of 7.