Abstract: A lapping apparatus of the "planetary" type that laps a workpiece to a true flat surface instead of to the domed surface characterizing the prior art: it includes a mechanism for spinning and orbiting the workpiece against a lapping disk that has a 360-degree mid-radial portion formed to abrade less rapidly than the radially inboard and outboard portions thereof. In one embodiment, the inboard and outboard portions of the disk are partly or entirely cut away (i.e., recessed) so as to present equal or smaller lapping surface areas than that of the mid-radial portion of the disk. In another embodiment, the abrading surfaces of the disk are formed as raised lands each of which has a shape derived as the mean length, at each orbiting radius, of the orbiting arcs that are swept by the disk across the workpiece while the workpiece is spinning through at least one full revolution. In another form, the lands are made narrower and more numerous, but have the same proportions along the various orbiting arcs.

Abstract: A hand tool for sanding, including a C-shaped frame securing a strip of abrasive material in which the strip is reinforced with strapping material laminated to its back and the ends of the strip are secured to the frame by a wedge means.

Abstract: A sharpening device for sharpening drill bits on the flat surface of an electric grinding wheel or on a flat surfaced sharpening stone. The device includes a vise type drill bit holder which can accommodate various sizes of drill bits, the vise type holder having a slotted and angled set of jaws for positioning the drill bit at the correct grinding angle to the grinding surface. The holder is supported by handles such that the holder can be manually swivelled during a grinding process. A calibrated gauge for adjusting the protrusion of the drill bit from the holder is provided to obtain the correct lip angles. The sharpening device includes threads on the spindle about which the sharpening device rotates so that the drill bit moves sideways parallel to the grinding surface during grinding to prevent excessive wear in one spot on the grinding surface to thereby redress the grinding surface. Alternate means of supporting the holder are available including manually holding the device.

Abstract: A cutter plate is provided for precision working, especially of holes, which is constructed as a symmetrical polygon with at least four corners and has at least one main cutting edge and one auxiliary cutting edge, as well as a projection which begins at the chip run-off surface of the cutting edges, whose sides serve as chip-guiding steps and whose boundary lines circumscribe a symmetrical polygon, whose shape corresponds to that of the cutter plate, and has smaller dimensions than the latter, so that, starting from the corner regions of the polygon, the width of the chip run-off surfaces decreases. The cutter plate is distinguished by the fact that each chip run-off surface has a plane shape and is inclined in the direction of its longitudinal extension by an angle in such a way that the narrowest region is at the greatest height and is arranged to be above the neighboring chip run-off surface, so that it can be manufactured very simply and economically by a grinding procedure.

Abstract: A numerical control grinding machine, in which rough grinding and finish grinding wheels are used to machine a workpiece into a predetermined shape. A sensor detects the finish grinding wheel contacting the workpiece surface when shifting from the rough grinding to finish grinding operations and determines its position. The numerical controller of the grinding machine calculates the difference between actual and theoretical sizes of the workpiece and completion of the rough grinding operation based on the finish grinding wheel position. After that, the controller compensates the rough grinding wheel position in the next machining cycle for the difference calculated by the controller.

Abstract: When sanding for instance panelled doors in a belt sanding machine it must be prevented that transversely extending parts (16) are sanded since it would be harmful to sand across the direction of the grain of the wood. A machine according to the invention is therefore provided with a combined sensing and control device which in a simple and effective manner will prevent damage caused by the sanding process by controlling the contact of the sanding belt with the workpiece. The device consists of a disc (14, 20) which is mounted on the sanding equipment. The disc (14, 20) protrudes a distance beyond the sanding position of the sanding belt (15), in order that the disc will sense the workpiece when the workpiece is moved under the sanding belt. When the disc (14, 20) rolls across a frame piece (16) the sanding belt (15) is pivoted up above the wood, and when the disc (14, 20) meets a recessed part (18), the sanding belt (15) is pivoted to a non-sanding position.

Abstract: A blade sharpener features a blade supporting ramp pivotally adjustable relative to a motor driven abrasive belt for purposes of accommodating the sharpener for use with a wide range of blade widths and shapes. The sharpener incorporates a protractor scale, a ramp scale and a compensating scale adapted for use in measurement of the blade or edge angle of a blade to be sharpened and in setting of the ramp in a desired pivotally adjusted position required to effect proper sharpening of such blade.

Abstract: In a ceramic indexable cutting insert, an edge strengthening land extends rearwardly of a beveled cutting edge at an angle of from about 80 to about 100 degrees with respect to the peripheral side surface, and a grooved recess extents rearwardly and along the edge strengthening land to direct chips upwardly and outwardly away from the insert and the cutting edge. In one embodiment of the present invention intended for conditions of heavy depth of cut, enhanced edge strength is sacrificed and an edge strengthened land is not provided.

Abstract: Method for controlling the operation of two-wheel housing machines, the machining wheels of which are pressed towards each other and onto the workpieces by means of a loading device at a predetermined variable loading pressure, wherein during operation the material removal of the work-pieces and eventually the machining wheels is determined by means of a measuring control device and the operation is discontinued when a predetermined value has been reached, wherein the material removal per time unit (actual value) is determined and compared with at least one predetermined value for the material removal per time unit and the loading pressure for the loading device is automatically increased when the actual value is below the predetermined value.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for preventing binding and overloading of feed augers or screws used to convey blast media (e.g. shot, pellets or irregular shaped particles) from a media storage hopper to a media blasting device. The invention includes a damper to close off media to the screws and a method for controlling start-up and shut down of the media blast system.

Abstract: A high speed, overhead loader mechanism is disclosed, for use in connection with an automatic lathe. A simplified, versatile basic vertical positioning mechanism is provided, which mounts on the spindle housing of the lathe and accommodates a wide variety of customized loading fixtures, for parts of various sizes and shapes. Also disclosed are unique forms of part feeders and ejectors for supply and discharge of parts to and from an automatic lathe.

Abstract: A machine spindle is formed with an axially centered forwardly flared large-diameter seat, provided in the seat with at least two axially and radially displaceable spindle jaws, having an axially displaceable actuating rod axially coupled with the jaws, and formed with cam formations engageable with the jaws to move same together on axial rearward displacement. A transfer body or a tool is normally also centered on the axis and formed with an axially centered rearwardly tapered small-diameter stem substantially smaller than the seat.

Abstract: A numerically controlled internal grinding machine for grinding a workpiece by a rough grinding operation with a rough grinding wheel and a finish grinding operation with a finish grinding wheel. The grinding machine detects the load power of a motor which drives the finish grinding wheel in order to determine a compensation value to enable subsequent compensation due to wear of the rough grinding wheel. In the successive rough grinding operation, the relative position of the workpiece is compensated for according to the determined compensation value, so that the diameter of the workpiece after the rough grinding operation is maintained at a desired constant value regardless of the wear of the rough grinding wheel.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a clamping device for clamping a mandrel to an elbow or pipe as well as to a torque-reacting device between a power unit housing and the mandrel. The torque reacting device has a pair of torque reacting keys mounted in a non-rotatable portion of the power unit housing, each of the keys having an end portion with converging opposite sides. The end portions of the torque reacting keys extend into correspondingly shaped, axially extending grooves formed in opposite sides of the mandrel. The opposite sides of the grooves are outwardly diverging and define an included angle approximately equal to the angle between the converging sides of the torque reacting keys. Adjusting screws are provided for each of the torque reacting keys. The clamping device has a plurality of clamping pins, each pin having a generally cylindrical shape with a hemispherical end portion defining a plurality of concentric ridges.

Abstract: A gem faceting kit is disclosed which includes a portable carrying case that may be opened to a use position in which it constitutes a utility rack from which other items of the kit may be retrieved and conveniently used. The gem faceting kit includes a gem faceting machine that has a storage and a use position. Also included in the kit are various lap wheels, grinding compounds, a rinse dispenser, a catch basin, a lamp, a visor, and various other tools, chemicals, and compounds used in gem faceting. The entire kit is lightweight and portable.

Abstract: A pipe tapering device adapted to receive the outer peripheral marginal end of a tubing or pipe therewithin and to grind a circumferentially extending taper on a marginal end of a pipe. The apparatus is particularly suited for forming a taper on the outer surface of the marginal end of fiberglass or plastic pipe. The apparatus is adjustable and can be employed to taper the ends of a number of different size pipe diameters. The apparatus is hand held and can be powered by an ordinary drill motor.

Abstract: A grinding wheel with a working surface having a complex profile is subjected to a path-controlled dressing operation by an apparatus which moves in the direction of the Z-axis of the machine while the grinding wheel moves in the direction of the X-axis. When necessary in view of configuration of the momentarily dressed portion of the working surface, the grinding wheel is turned about the B-axis of the machine, and such axis is remote from the point of contact between the dressing tool and the working surface and is normal to the Z- and X-axes. The controls of the grinding machine cause the dressing tool and the grinding wheel to perform additional movements in the direction of the Z- and X-axes so as to compensate for those deviations from the preselected movement which are due to turning of the grinding wheel about the B-axis.

Abstract: An abrasivejet nozzle assembly is disclosed which is particularly suitable for drilling small diameter holes in a workpiece. Such assemblies include a mixing region wherein abrasive particles are entrained into a high velocity waterjet formed as high pressure water is forced through a jet-forming orifice. Among the unique features of the nozzle assembly are an inwardly tapered abrasive path just upstream of the mixing region, flushing conduits immediately upstream and downstream of the mixing region, and a venting passageway upstream of the mixing region which prevents the backflow of abrasive dust towards the jet-forming orifice.

Abstract: A device for working at hard material. The device comprises a container (4) with a sieve (6) where abrasive is sieved under a liquid surface (7). Liquid is supplied to the suction conduit (13) of a low pressure pump (8) for creation of a slurry which is pumped to a pressure vessel (10). This pressure vessel is then pressurized for the feeding of abrasive to a high pressure conduit (2) where the abrasive is mixed with high pressure liquid which is supplied to a nozzle (3) for the creation of a jet stream.

Abstract: An improvement in a valving device used to dispense and control a high velocity stream of abrasive granular material intrained in a fluid stream. The valving device defines a gun configuration having a handle trigger and a movable valve element pivotally mounted to the trigger and a nozzle. The valve element is a resilient member that is advanced into sealing relation with the nozzle.