Abstract: The invention is related to a reflector lamp comprising a parabolic primary reflecting section, a parabolic or spheric secondary reflecting section joined to the primary reflecting section, and an incandescent or discharge light source. The secondary reflecting section has faceted surfaces which longitudinally extend along the surface thereof so that most or substantially all the light reflected by the faceted surfaces avoids the light source and thus the light, which would be absorbed or scattered by the light source, is minimized or substantially eliminated.

Abstract: In order to provide a multielectrode spark plug which is excellent in resistance to fouling and in which the voltage required for producing a spark can be lowered, the tip portion of at least one of plural ground electrodes is positioned by the side of an annular front end face of an insulator to form a semi-creeping spark discharging gap elongating along the surface of the insulator with the tip portion of a center electrode, and the tip portions of the ground other electrodes form aerial spark discharging gaps with the tip portion of the center electrode.

Abstract: A suppression electrode assembly (18) comprises an electrode suppression plate (40) constructed of a material having substantial strength and durability and has an aperture seat (76) with an opening (72) defined therein. An aperture insert (80) constructed from graphite is slidably engageable with the aperture seat (76). The aperture insert (80) defines an elongated slit (84) which is in general alignment with the aperture seat opening (72) when the aperture insert (80) is installed in the seat (76).

Abstract: There is provided a fluorescent lamp comprising a tubular glass bulb, a fluorescent layer formed on an inner surface of the tubular glass, an external electrode provided on an outer surface of the tubular glass bulb, and an internal electrode provided on the inner surface of the tubular glass bulb, wherein the internal electrode formed from a conductive member is fixed on the inner surface of the tubular glass bulb by a glass having a low melting point to be in close contact with the inner surface of the tubular glass bulb. This makes it possible to arrange the tubular glass bulb and the internal electrode which have different thermal expansion coefficients without any problem due to resonance with vibration.

Abstract: The electron emitting cathode of an initiator (spark plug or ignitor) comprises a small button of high temperature, preferably austenitic, stainless steel powder welded to a support conductor. The stainless steel powder has distributed through it a dopant powder consisting of a minor portion of a highly stable oxide of an element having a low work function. The dopant powder has a much smaller mesh size than the stainless steel powder (1/5or less). Rare earth lanthanides are preferred that have a low work function, preferably under 3.0 eV and are not radioactive. Cerium, in the form of CeO.sub.2 is most preferred. The compositions of the low work function stainless steel electrodes and methods of making the same are disclosed.

Abstract: A spark plug derives an extended lifetime because a large plurality of sharp edges are provided on the center electrode, the ground electrode, or both to enhance spark propagation. In a first embodiment, the ground electrode has a conventional cantilever shape, but the center electrode extends into coplanar relation to a distal surface of the electrode so that sparks propagate from the cylindrical side walls of the center electrode. In variations of the first embodiment, the number of cantilevered ground electrodes is increased, with the ground electrodes being circumferentially and equidistantly spaced about the center electrode. In another embodiment, the ground electrode has an annular configuration and includes a cylindrical annular wall spaced radially outwardly of the cylindrical sidewall of the center electrode, in concentric relation to the center electrode.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for cooling window foils for extracting electron beams from a scanning type electron beam accelerator, the accelerator includes a primary window foil of double window type and a secondary window foil, the method and the apparatus are characterized by blowing cooling gasses against an electron beam scanning surface from both sides thereof to cool the primary window foil then reversing the flow of the cooling gasses at the center of the primary window foil, and circulating the cooling gasses by sucking the cooling gasses from both sides of the electron beam scanning surface to thereby simultaneously cool the secondary window foil.

Abstract: A pixel emission current limiting resistance is realized by forming a stack of alternately doped amorphous or polycrystalline silicon layers over the cathodic conductors of a FED driving matrix. The stack of amorphous or polycrystalline silicon layers doped alternately n and p provides at least a reversely biased n/p junction having a leakage current that matches the required level of pixel emission current. The reversely biased junction constitutes a nonlinear series resistance that is quite effective in limiting the emission current through any one of the microtips that form an individually excitable pixel and which are formed on the uppermost layer of the stack.

Abstract: A deflection device for a cathode-ray tube with three coplanar guns, comprising a pair of horizontal deflection coils and a pair of vertical deflection coils, each horizontal deflection coil having a main deflection winding extending over the length of the deflection device, and an auxiliary deflection winding. Each main deflection winding has a front portion and a rear portion. The auxiliary deflection winding is disposed in the front portion of the main deflection winding and is arranged to generate a magnetic field opposed to a field of the main deflection winding.

Abstract: The present invention provides image display panels, spacers and spacer units for the same and methods for making and using the same. The spacer units include an assembly having a first layer of generally parallel fibers positioned to form intersections with generally parallel fibers of a second layer. At least one fiber of the first and/or second layer includes a bonding agent at the corresponding intersection. The intersections form passageways which permit the passage of energy therethrough between the emitter and the display of an image display panel. A sealing frame is positioned about and engages the periphery of the spacer, the emitter and the display. The sealing frame has a deformable sealing material for providing an essentially sealed region between the spacer, emitter and display. Methods of making and using such spacers in image display panels and spacers including a fiber protectorant are also included in the present invention.

Abstract: An image-forming apparatus comprises a back plate carrying thereon a plurality of electron-emitting devices, a face plate arranged vis-a-vis the back plate and carrying thereon a fluorescent member and an anti-atmospheric-pressure spacer. The longitudinal axis of the anti-atmospheric-pressure spacer is arranged substantially in parallel with the direction of deflection of electron beams emitted from said electron-emitting devices.

Abstract: An electroluminescent device comprises an insulating substrate having thereon a pair of electrodes comprising a transparent first electrode and a transparent second electrode, with a stack of transparent first insulating layer, a luminescent layer, and a second transparent layer interposed therebetween; provided that a light reflecting plane is formed on the outside of one of the electrode pairs with a transparent insulating substance interposed between, the electrode being disposed opposed to the light outcoupling direction.

Abstract: An electron-beam-pumped laser includes a cathode ray tube containing a laser crystal, an electron gun for producing an electron beam including a multi-element focusing electrode layer on an inner surface of the tube for effecting focusing of the beam on the laser crystal, and a multi-element deflection electrode layer on an inner surface of the tube for effecting scanning of the beam across the laser crystal. The laser crystal is disposed on a metal heat-conductive support which is adapted for accurately positioning the laser crystal in closely spaced relationship with respect to the electron gun and to a laser light emitting window of the tube.

Abstract: A high performance double layer capacitor having an electric double layer formed in the interface between activated carbon and an electrolyte is disclosed. The high performance double layer capacitor includes a pair of aluminum impregnated carbon composite electrodes having an evenly distributed and continuous path of aluminum impregnated within an activated carbon fiber preform saturated with a high performance electrolytic solution. The high performance double layer capacitor is capable of delivering at least 5 Wh/kg of useful energy at power ratings of at least 600 W/kg.

Abstract: In a spark plug, a tubular insulator has an axial bore in which a center electrode and a terminal electrode are axially aligned, the terminal electrode having a seal portion fixedly supported by partly filling the axial bore with a glass sealant. The insulator further has a tapered shoulder portion between a diameter-reduced portion and a diameter-increased portion, each provided on the insulator. A metallic shell is placed around the diameter-increased portion of the insulator, a rear end of the metallic shell being caulked against the diameter-reduced portion of the insulator, a space between the metallic shell and the diameter-reduced portion of the insulator being filled with a ceramic powder. An inclination of the tapered shoulder portion of the insulator ranges from 10 to 45 degrees against a plane perpendicular to the terminal electrode. A roulette is formed on an outer surface of the seal portion of the terminal electrode in which the glass sealant is filled.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses for high-speed control of lamp intensity and for high-speed optical data communication are disclosed. In particular embodiments, an arc, plasma or halogen lamp is provided with the ability to change wavelengths and/or intensities at high rates (up to 10 gigahertz) by maintaining materials which may be solid or liquid under typical lamp operation or storage conditions in the vapor state. This method and apparatus is particularly applicable to microscopy and high-speed optical data communication, particularly at wavelengths in the visible and ultraviolet spectra.

Abstract: An electron gun for cathode ray tubes which is easily assembled and reduces the cost is disclosed. The electron gun has a cathode holding structure. The cathode holding structure includes a support bracket which is fixedly fitted in the first electrode. The support bracket is provided with a plurality of insert holes spaced apart from each other. A plurality of hollow cases are received in the insert holes of the support bracket respectively and fixed to the support bracket. A cathode is concentrically received in each hollow case. The cathode holding structure also has an insulating material which is filled in the hollow case in order to hold and insulate the cathode in the hollow case. In the present invention, the gap between the cathodes and first electrode of the electron gun is easily adjusted thereby preventing the inferiority of the electron gun.

Abstract: An arc tube for a high intensity discharge lamp. The arc tube has a hermetically sealed body formed from a vitreous material subject to devitrification, at least two oppositely disposed electrodes are sealed in the body. An are generating and sustaining medium is provided in the body and operates to produce visible light when an electric current is applied to the electrodes. The are tube has a given color rendering index, and at least a portion of the medium comprises a color correcting component of lithium iodide which contributes no only to the given color rendering index but which also acts as a devitrification agent. The improvement comprises an anti-devitrification component in the medium, the anti-devitrification component having a minimal detrimental effect on the given color rendering index while increasing the life of the are tube.

Abstract: An electron gun for a cathode ray tube includes a triode composed of a cathode, a controlling electrode, and a screen electrode. A pre-focusing electrode is provided and supplied with a first voltage for pre-focusing electron beams emitted from the triode. A first auxiliary electrode is provided and supplied with a second voltage which is also supplied to the screen electrode. A second auxiliary electrode is provided and supplied with a third voltage which is also applied to the controlling electrode. The applied voltages create divergent lenses between the focusing electrode and the first auxiliary electrode and between the first and second auxiliary electrode. A main focusing electrode is provided and supplied with the first voltage like the pre-focusing electrode. A converging lens is formed between the second auxiliary electrode and the main lens. A final accelerating electrode is installed adjacent to the main focusing electrode and supplied with a fourth voltage.

Abstract: A directly heated cathode structure includes a porous pellet impregnated with a cathode material, filaments connected to the porous pellet, a support supporting the filament, and an insulation block supporting the support, wherein the filaments are supported on the porous pellet by at least one auxiliary member. The supporting structure is very strong and the quality and productivity can be greatly improved by improvement of the filament welding process using the auxiliary members.