Abstract: 3D information may be extracted from two 2D images by capturing a first image of a sample at a first orientation. The sample may be titled at a second or different orientation, resulting in a second image of the titled sample to be captured. Third dimension of information may be extracted from the images.

Abstract: An image acquisition device reciprocates a focal position of an objective lens with respect to a sample in the optical axis direction of the objective lens, while moving a field position of the objective lens with respect to the sample. This makes it possible to acquire contrast information of image data at the field position of the objective lens sequentially as the field position moves with respect to the sample. The image acquisition device acquires the image data by the rolling readout of the image pickup element according to the reciprocation of the focal position of the objective lens.

Abstract: A selecting unit selects, from plural intra prediction modes, the intra prediction mode to be used for intra prediction coding of a target coding block. A coding unit performs the intra prediction coding to a frame constituted by plural blocks in units of the block, in the intra prediction mode selected by the selecting unit. Further, in a case where inter prediction coding can be used as a coding system of the frame in which the target coding block is included, the selecting unit considers the neighboring blocks of the target coding block to have been coded with the inter prediction and selects the intra prediction mode to be used for the intra prediction coding of the target coding block from among the plural intra prediction modes.

Abstract: In an image acquisition device, an optical path difference generating member can form an optical path length difference of a second optical image without splitting light in a second optical path. This can suppress the quantity of light required for the second optical path to obtain information of the focal position, whereby a quantity of light can be secured for a first imaging device to capture an image. The image acquisition device synchronizes the movement of a predetermined part of a sample within a field of an objective lens with rolling readout such that each pixel column of a second imaging device is exposed to an optical image of the predetermined part in the sample.

Abstract: Embodiments disclose a real-time surgery method and apparatus for displaying a stereoscopic augmented view of a patient from a static or dynamic viewpoint of the surgeon, which employs real-time three-dimensional surface reconstruction for preoperative and intraoperative image registration. Stereoscopic cameras provide real-time images of the scene including the patient. A stereoscopic video display is used by the surgeon, who sees a graphical representation of the preoperative or intraoperative images blended with the video images in a stereoscopic manner through a see through display.

Abstract: A method for coding a transform block of coefficients includes generating a new scan order from the original scan order such that a maximum scan distance of the new scan order is smaller than or equal to a predetermined distance, and coding the coefficients based on the new scan order. An apparatus for decoding a transform block of coefficients. The apparatus includes a memory and a processor. The memory includes instructions executable by the processor to identify an original scan order for encoding the coefficients, generate a new scan order from the original scan order such that a maximum scan distance of the new scan order is less than or equal to a predetermined distance, and decode, from an encoded bitstream, the coefficients based on the new scan order.

Abstract: A moving picture coding apparatus includes an intra-inter prediction unit which calculates a second motion vector by performing a scaling process on a first motion vector of a temporally neighboring corresponding block, when selectively adding, to a list, a motion vector of each of one or more corresponding blocks each of which is either a block included in a current picture to be coded and spatially neighboring a current block to be coded or a block included in a picture other than the current picture and temporally neighboring the current block, determines whether the second motion vector has a magnitude that is within a predetermined magnitude or not within the predetermined magnitude, and adds the second motion vector to the list when the intra-inter prediction unit determines that the second motion vector has a magnitude that is within the predetermined magnitude range.

Abstract: Techniques are described for identifying and reducing the incidence of artifacts in video using color gamut scalability (CGS) parameters and tables in scalable video coding (SVC). Derivation of CGS mapping tables are performed for each partition of pixel values in a color space. The pixel value domain is split into partitions and each is optimized independently. Color prediction techniques for CGS may be used by video encoders and/or video decoders to generate inter-layer reference pictures when a color gamut for a lower layer of video data is different than a color gamut for a higher layer of the video data. When mapped values are used as inter-layer predication references for the enhancement layer blocks, artifacts may appear in some frames of the sequences. A video encoder may identify blocks that potentially contain these artifacts and disable inter-layer prediction in those identified blocks.

Abstract: Managing computing devices in a computing system, including: receiving image data from a plurality of image sensors, each image sensor coupled to a computing device in a computing system, wherein multiple computing devices in the computing system are coupled to multiple image sensors; identifying, in dependence upon the image data from the plurality of image sensors, one or more characteristics of the computing system; and initiating, in dependence upon the one or more characteristics of the computing system, one or more desired system management actions.

Abstract: Motion field estimation is used to predict motion within video blocks. A current block of a current frame is identified as a projection of a first reference block of a first reference frame onto the current frame. The projection uses a first motion vector of the reference block with respect to a second reference frame. A temporal motion vector candidate is determined for the current block by projecting the current block onto a second reference frame. The temporal motion vector candidate identifies a second reference block. A motion vector selected from a motion vector candidate list is used to generate a prediction block using the selected motion vector. The current block is coded using the prediction block.

Abstract: A fallback performing method including: calculating unreliability of a motion vector in a block included in a moving object in two frames classified in terms of time; calculating discontinuity of the motion vector for a predetermined time; calculating a fallback level from the unreliability and the discontinuity; and performing fallback based on the calculated fallback level.

Abstract: This disclosure describes various techniques for use within a vision-aided inertial navigation system (VINS). A VINS comprises an image source to produce image data comprising a plurality of images, and an inertial measurement unit (IMU) to produce IMU data indicative of a motion of the vision-aided inertial navigation system while producing the image data, wherein the image data captures features of an external calibration target that is not aligned with gravity. The VINS further includes a processing unit comprising an estimator that processes the IMU data and the image data to compute calibration parameters for the VINS concurrently with computation of a roll and pitch of the calibration target, wherein the calibration parameters define relative positions and orientations of the IMU and the image source of the vision-aided inertial navigation system.

Abstract: Using the same image sensor to capture a two-dimensional (2D) image and three-dimensional (3D) depth measurements for a 3D object. A laser point-scans the surface of the object with light spots, which are detected by a pixel array in the image sensor to generate the 3D depth profile of the object using triangulation. Each row of pixels in the pixel array forms an epipolar line of the corresponding laser scan line. Timestamping provides a correspondence between the pixel location of a captured light spot and the respective scan angle of the laser to remove any ambiguity in triangulation. An Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC) in the image sensor operates as a Time-to-Digital (TDC) converter to generate timestamps. A timestamp calibration circuit is provided on-board to record the propagation delay of each column of pixels in the pixel array and to provide necessary corrections to the timestamp values generated during 3D depth measurements.

Abstract: A method is presented for correcting errors in a 3D scanner. Measurement errors in the 3D scanner are determined by scanning each of a plurality of calibration objects in each of a plurality of sectors in the 3D scanner's field of view. The calibration objects have a known height, a known width, and a known length. The measurements taken by the 3D scanner are compared to the known dimensions to derive a measurement error for each dimension in each sector. An estimated measurement error is calculated based on scans of each of the plurality of calibration objects. When scanning target objects in a given sector, the estimated measurement error for that sector is used to correct measurements obtained by the 3D scanner.

Abstract: Deskew for image review, such as SEM review, aligns inspection and review coordinate systems. Deskew can be automated using design files or inspection images. A controller that communicates with a review tool can align a file of the wafer, such as a design file or an inspection image, to an image of the wafer from the review tool; compare alignment sites of the file to alignment sites of the image from the review tool; and generate a deskew transform of coordinates of the alignment sites of the file and coordinates of alignment sites of the image from the review tool. The image of the wafer may not contain defects.

Abstract: A method is presented for correcting errors in a 3D scanner. Measurement errors in the 3D scanner are determined by scanning each of a plurality of calibration objects in each of a plurality of sectors in the 3D scanner's field of view. The calibration objects have a known height, a known width, and a known length. The measurements taken by the 3D scanner are compared to the known dimensions to derive a measurement error for each dimension in each sector. An estimated measurement error is calculated based on scans of each of the plurality of calibration objects. When scanning target objects in a given sector, the estimated measurement error for that sector is used to correct measurements obtained by the 3D scanner.

Abstract: Embodiments disclose a real-time surgery method and apparatus for displaying a stereoscopic augmented view of a patient from a static or dynamic viewpoint of the surgeon, which employs real-time three-dimensional surface reconstruction for preoperative and intraoperative image registration. Stereoscopic cameras provide real-time images of the scene including the patient. A stereoscopic video display is used by the surgeon, who sees a graphical representation of the preoperative or intraoperative images blended with the video images in a stereoscopic manner through a see through display.

Abstract: An advanced constant quality rate control algorithm with new features and enhancements. can be applicable to different kinds of video scenes, in addition to static or less motion scenes. Statistical data is calculated at the beginning of encoding for each line of sections of a frame. Based on the statistical data, which case of a plurality of cases to be executed is determined and maximum and minimum QP values are determined according to the determined case. Actual maximum and minimum QP of the current line using is maintained using the maximum and minimum QP and a final QP value is determined for all sections in each line. A lambda value for encoding is determined from the final QP. At the end of encoding the picture, the number of frames encoded using constant quality is counted, the maximum and minimum QP and VBV fullness for each line is updated.

Abstract: Apparatus for remote imaging of a terrestrial area, the apparatus comprising: a camera array having a focal length f and a photosensor comprising photosensor pixels characterized by a photosensor pixel pitch P on which light from the terrestrial area is imaged from an operating distance A from the terrestrial area to acquire an image of the terrestrial area; an orthographic image of the terrestrial area having image pixels that image features in the terrestrial area; a terrain map that provides elevation for features in the terrestrial area imaged on the image pixels of the orthographic image; a controller that registers the image of the terrestrial area to the orthographic image responsive to the terrain data; wherein elevation provided by the terrain map has an uncertainty ?? that satisfies a constraint P??e·f·sin ?/A, where a is a maximum oblique angle at which the camera array images the terrestrial area so that registration of the image of the terrestrial area to the orthographic image has an accuracy be

Abstract: A computer implemented method. The method includes performing at least one of a visual evaluation and an instrument measurement of a target coating on a target sample to generate colorimetric information, and identifying, using a processor, a bulk toner that is present in the target coating by determining a color and a color intensity at different viewing angles relative to the target sample. The method also includes identifying, using the processor, at least one specific toner that is present in the target coating by detecting a presence and an orientation of colored and/or non-colored pigmentation effects that are present in the target coating, and outputting, using the processor, a formulation of the target coating that includes at least the at least one specific toner.