Abstract: The present invention is directed to a process for producing structures containing metallized features for use in microelectric workpieces. The process treats a barrier layer to promote the adhesion between the barrier layer and the metallized feature. Suitable means for promoting adhesion between barrier layers and the metallized features according to the invention include an acid treatment of the barrier layer, an electrolytic treatment of the barrier layer, or deposition of a bonding layer between the barrier layer and metallized feature. The present invention thus modifies an exterior surface of a barrier layer making it more suitable for electrodeposition of metal on a barrier, thus eliminating the need for a PVD or CVD seed layer deposition process.

Abstract: A method for fabricating a T-gate structure is provided. The method comprises the steps of providing a silicon layer having a gate oxide layer, a protection layer over the gate oxide layer, a first sacrificial layer over the protection layer and a second sacrificial layer over the first sacrificial layer. A photoresist layer is formed over the second sacrificial layer. An opening is formed in the photoresist layer. An opening is then formed in the second sacrificial layer beneath the opening in the photoresist layer. The opening is then expanded in the photoresist layer to expose portions of the top surface of the second sacrificial layer around the opening in the second sacrificial layer. The opening is extended in the second sacrificial layer through the first sacrificial layer and the opening is expanded in the second sacrificial layer to form a T-shaped opening in the first and second sacrificial layers. The photoresist layer is removed and the T-shaped opening is filled with a conductive material.

Abstract: A novel vertical poly load device in 4T SRAM and a method for fabricating the same are disclosed. The poly load structure is a vertical device formed on a buried contact. The poly load vertical device is constructed by forming a hollow in a planarized dielectric layer with a high temperature oxide layer on the walls of the hollow and with lightly doped n-type polysilicon in the hollow. The poly load is connected to the respective drain of the driver transistor through the buried contact and to the gate of the respective gate of the other driver transistor through a connecting line. The resistance of the poly load will increase, as the voltage of the buried contact becomes low thereby reducing the standby current.

Abstract: An efficient and high quality image forming method and apparatus wherein only selective scattered portions of an imaging surface are charged with a first charging device, and then coated with a layer of charged toner solids by a toner supply apparatus, thereby forming an "image area patch of toner"; wherein each selected scattered portion is centered relative to, and has an area slightly exceeding an area to be imaged; each such charged and coated portion is then image-wise exposed to form a first latent image; each such coated portion is subsequently recharged by a reverse charge printing (RCP) second charging device in an image-wise manner to create a secondary latent image having toner solids in image areas charged to a first polarity, and toner solids in background areas charged to a second and opposite polarity; and finally the toner solids in the image areas thereof are then transferred onto a copy substrate for fixing as an output document, thus leaving a significantly diminished quantity of non-develo

Abstract: A liquid developer for developing an electrostatic latent image having a carrier fluid and electrically charged toner particles dispersed therein, wherein the liquid developer satisfies the following relationship:25.0.gtoreq.V.sub.0 /.DELTA.V.sub.10 .gtoreq.1.5wherein V.sub.0 denotes surface potential of a toner particle layer electrically deposited on a conductive substrate by applying bias voltage between the substrate and an electrode confronting with the substrate, and .DELTA.V.sub.10 denotes change of the surface potential decaying for 10 seconds after shutting off the bias voltage.

Abstract: A developing device using dual-component developer which is detachably attachable a first cartridge accommodating toner or a second cartridge accommodating starter incorporating at least carrier. The developing device has a developing section which develops an electrostatic latent image on a photosensitive member, a coupling which detachably holds a first cartridge or a second cartridge and having a first aperture corresponding to a replenishment aperture of the first cartridge as well as a second aperture corresponding to a replenishment aperture of the second cartridge, toner buffer which supplies toner from the first cartridge to the developing section by predetermined amounts when the first cartridge is attached to the coupling, and a replenishment path provided between the developing section and the coupling for supplying starter from the second cartridge directly to the developing section when the second cartridge is attached to the coupling.

Abstract: A printer/copier apparatus is adapted to receive replacement parts that are subject to wear or which comprise a consumable that is employed during the printing/copying operation. The apparatus includes a first connector that is coupled to a processor which controls operation of the apparatus. A replaceable part includes a second connector which mates with the first connector. The replaceable part includes a serial access memory that is connected to the second connector by only a single wire. Data transfers are enabled both from and to the serial access memory to allow storage of data that is indicative of usage, calibration, or other data relating to the replaceable part. Usage of the single wire memory enables direct substitution of the serial access memory in place of a presently provided fuse, without requiring changes to the physical interface between the replaceable part and the connectors which enable mating of the replaceable part with the apparatus.

Abstract: This invention relates to a cleanerless developing method using a mono-component toner, which method effects simultaneous developing and cleaning operations in the step of development. It more particularly relates to a method which is capable of forming images of outstanding quality without entailing generation of positive memory or negative memory. In the cleanerless developing method using a mono-component toner, the absolute value of the magnitude, .vertline.q.sub.t .vertline., of charging the developing toner to be used is selected to fall in the range between 0.5 [mC/kg] and 40 [mC/kg], the absolute value of the magnitude, .vertline.q.sub.r .vertline., of charging the residual toner to be introduced into the step for simultaneous developing and cleaning as deposited on the surface of the latent image retaining member is set to fall in the range between 0.5 [mC/kg] and 60 [mC/kg], or the absolute value of the magnitude, .vertline.q.sub.z .vertline.

Abstract: The musical tone generating apparatus converts a movement of a man into a musical tone. Such movement of the man includes a walking or running movement, a jumping movement, a rubbing movement and a beating movement, a turning movement and the like. More specifically, a tone pitch, a tone color, a tone volume or other parameters of the musical tone to be generated is controlled based on a value of a moving speed, a value of a jumping height or a value of frictional heat produced by the rubbing movement of player's hands.

Abstract: An electrostatic photographic image forming apparatus for forming an electrostatic image on a photosensitive member by the light beam from a writing system and transferring to a transfer paper the image which has been made visible by a development apparatus. A shutter or a toner contamination preventive means is provided at the space defining an optical path extending between the photosensitive member and the lens of the writing system nearest to the photosensitive member.