Abstract: A cold-cathode flat panel display using thin-film-transistor (TFT) anode circuit is disclosed. Associated with each pixel element is a TFT circuit comprising first and second transistors electrically cascaded and a capacitor in communication with an output of the first device and an input of the second transistor used to selectively address pixel elements in the display and hold pixels in their selected states for the frame time. Cold cathode sources are used to emit electrons that are drawn to selected pixel elements that include phosphor areas, which emit light of a known wavelength when struck by the emitted electrons.

Abstract: In an electroluminescence element, a layered structure is employed for an upper electrode including a first upper conductive layer formed through evaporation, a buffer layer, and a second upper conductive layer formed through sputtering. By interposing the buffer layer between the first and second upper conductive layers, damages to a light emitting element layer formed below the upper electrode and containing an organic material or the like having a low resisting characteristic against sputtering environment can be prevented while a high level of a charge injection efficiency to the light emitting element layer is maintained for charges such as electrons and holes, and, at the same time, a conductive layer can be formed with superior coverage and uniformity, to a sufficient thickness, and with superior productivity. The buffer layer may have a multi-layer structure.

Abstract: An illumination device (10) that preferably includes a cold cathode fluorescent bulb (30), wherein the illumination device (10) further includes a substantially cylindrical casing (34) positioned about the bulb (30), and a reflector (32) substantially coextensive with a length of the bulb (30). An end cap (40) is provided that includes a locating surface (37) for the reflector (32), and a support for the bulb (30). A mounting member or fitting (18) is provided having a groove (19) adapted to receive a protrusion (42) from the casing (34) that allows relative rotation between the casing (34) and the fitting (18) less than 360°. A watertight fluorescent light (31) is further provided having a special four point seal that includes an O-ring (350) forming seals approximately at four radial positions about a cross sectional profile thereof.

Abstract: The invention provides an organic EL apparatus including a substrate, a pair of electrodes formed on the substrate, and a light emitting layer disposed between the electrodes is provided in order to implement a light emitting apparatus and an electronic device which decrease reflections in a display of the organic EL apparatus, and to enhance display quality. The substrate includes a transparent substrate, the pair of the electrodes is an anode disposed on the light emitting layer at the substrate side, and a cathode disposed on the light emitting layer at an opposite side of the substrate. A semi-reflection film is disposed near the anode. The semi-reflection film transmits a part of external light incident on the organic EL apparatus from the substrate, and reflects a part of the light other than the light transmitted.

Abstract: The present invention provides a high-pressure discharge lamp that uses substantially no mercury and reduces discharge flicker. The high-pressure discharge lamp is kept on with a lamp power of 50 W or lower in a stable state, and the temperature T (° C.) of the electrode at a point at a distance of 0.3 mm from the tip end to the base end in the stable state and the amount A (mol/cc) of free iodine produced when the lamp is turned off after 100 hours of on-time satisfy the formula (1):T2/A>1011.

Abstract: A gas discharge panel capable of high-speed driving at a low drive voltage, while suppressing the occurrence of write errors in a write period, and a manufacturing method for the same. To achieve this, in the gas discharge panel of the present invention, a secondary gas formed from at least one of carbon dioxide, water vapor, oxygen and nitrogen is induced into discharge spaces 30 evacuated until the residual gas pressure is 0.02 mPa or less, and an He—Xe or Ne—Xe rare gas (discharge gas) is induced into discharge spaces 30. The amount of the secondary gas included within discharge spaces 30 when, for example, carbon dioxide is included therein, is suitably set in terms of both a discharge starting voltage and an electron emission ability, so that the partial pressure of the carbon dioxide is in a range of 0.05 mPa to 0.5 mPa inclusive.

Abstract: Spark plug devices are formed of a conductive loaded resin-based material. The conductive loaded resin-based material comprises micron conductive powder(s), conductive fiber(s), or a combination of conductive powder and conductive fibers in a base resin host. The percentage by weight of the conductive powder(s), conductive fiber(s), or a combination thereof is between about 20% and 50% of the weight of the conductive loaded resin-based material. The micron conductive powders are metals or conductive non-metals or metal plated non-metals. The micron conductive fibers may be metal fiber or metal plated fiber. Further, the metal plated fiber may be formed by plating metal onto a metal fiber or by plating metal onto a non-metal fiber. Any platable fiber may be used as the core for a non-metal fiber. Superconductor metals may also be used as micron conductive fibers and/or as metal plating onto fibers in the present invention.

Abstract: Spark plug devices are formed of a conductive loaded resin-based material. The conductive loaded resin-based material comprises micron conductive powder(s), conductive fiber(s), or a combination of conductive powder and conductive fibers in a base resin host. The percentage by weight of the conductive powder(s), conductive fiber(s), or a combination thereof is between about 20% and 50% of the weight of the conductive loaded resin-based material. The micron conductive powders are metals or conductive non-metals or metal plated non-metals. The micron conductive fibers may be metal fiber or metal plated fiber. Further, the metal plated fiber may be formed by plating metal onto a metal fiber or by plating metal onto a non-metal fiber. Any platable fiber may be used as the core for a non-metal fiber. Superconductor metals may also be used as micron conductive fibers and/or as metal plating onto fibers in the present invention.

Abstract: In an organic EL device having a first electrode of a light reflective material, organic layer including an organic light emitting layer, semitransparent reflection layer, and second electrode of a transparent material that are stacked sequentially, and so configured that the organic layer functions as a cavity portion of a cavity structure, light that resonates in a certain spectral width (wavelength ?) is extracted by so configuring that optical path length L becomes minimum in a range satisfying (2L)/?+?((2?)=m (m is an integer) where the phase shift produced in light generated in the organic light emitting layer when reflected by opposite ends of the cavity portion is ? radians, L is optical path length of the cavity portion, and ? is the peak wavelength of the spectrum of part of light to be extracted.

Abstract: An organic electroluminescent device includes an anode; a hole-transporting layer disposed over the anode, a light-emitting layer disposed over the hole-transporting layer for producing light in response to hole-electron recombination, and an electron-transporting layer disposed over the light-emitting layer. The device also includes a crystallization-inhibitor incorporated within the electron-transporting layer, wherein the crystallization-inhibitor prevents the electron-transporting layer from crystallizing during operation, and a cathode disposed over the electron-transporting layer.

Abstract: An organic light emitting diode includes a lower substrate, luminous element provided with upper and lower electrodes and disposed on the lower substrate, a shielding layer disposed on the luminous clement for shielding outer moisture, the shielding layer being formed of at least one layer, and an upper substrate disposed on the shielding layer.

Abstract: A covering layer for insulating between column wirings and device electrodes is formed in a region including each cross point of the column wirings and row wirings and under the column wirings. Thus, when an electron source plate in which a large number of electron-emitting devices are wired in passive matrix is formed, a defect resulting from an interaction between the device electrodes and the column wirings at the time of wiring formation is reduced to improve insulation reliability. Therefore, a high quality image is obtained by a large size and higher density pixel arrangement in an image-forming apparatus using the electron source plate.

Abstract: An external electrode fluorescent lamp and a method for manufacturing the same is disclosed, in which indentations are provided in a surface of a glass tube filled with a discharge gas by etching, and external electrodes are formed at both ends of the glass tube, thereby realizing close adhesion between external electrode and the glass tube.

Abstract: A luminous element (1) comprising a conductor (2), which is associated with an electroluminescent material (3). An electrode (4, 8, 9) is associated with said electroluminescent material and the luminous element (1) is arranged to emit light, when electric voltage is applied between the conductor (2) and said electrode (4, 8, 9). At least either the conductor (2) or the electrode (4, 8, 9) is insulated along at least a section of the luminous element (1) through the electroluminescent material (3) along said element section.

Abstract: High-pressure lamp with a base, having an inner vessel sealed in a vacuum-tight manner, and surrounded by a sleeve part, a base having electrical terminals bearing, on one side, the inner vessel and, on the other side, the sleeve part, the reflector being of rotationally symmetrical design, and having a contour divided into at least two zonal layers, whose axial height is dimensioned such that each zone captures at least 35% of the light intensity emerging from the center of the inner vessel, and a first zone reflecting back at least 90% of the light incident on it at positive angles in relation to the lamp axis, and a second zone reflecting back at least 90% of the light incident on it at negative angles in relation to the lamp axis, and the inner vessel containing a metal halide filling, and the lamp having a specified average color temperature.

Abstract: A flat panel display device which is capable of preventing in-line shorts by forming as a face plate a common power line impressing an equal power supply to all pixels. The flat panel display includes a power supply layer formed on an insulation substrate and connected with source/drain electrodes through contact holes; and an insulating layer formed with a contact hole to insulate the power supply layer and a thin film transistor, wherein the thin film transistor is formed over the insulating layer and includes the source/drain electrodes.

Abstract: A light emitting device having an anode and a cathode provided on a substrate, and an organic light emitting layer between the anode and the cathode, where the organic light emitting layer includes a light emitting material and a dopant for improving the dispersibility thereof. As the dopant, there are employed a light emitting compound and a non-light emitting compound or a current enhancing material. In case of employing the light emitting compound, the composition corresponds to a case of utilizing plural light emitting materials, and, in such case, the light emission wavelengths are preferably mutually closer. Also, evaporation of the light emitting material and the dopant in the same evaporation boat makes it possible to reduce evaporation temperature, thereby improving the dispersability of the light emitting material.

Abstract: An efficiency enhancing anode-magnetic structure of a Hall effect thruster produces a radially directed magnetic field between inner and outer poles at the exit portion of a gas distribution channel. The field-shaping structure includes magnetic material extending alongside the channel with an associated secondary flux-generating component to create an axially directed magnetic field in the area between the anode of the thruster and the exit portion of the gas distribution channel.

Abstract: A principal object of the present invention is to provide efficiently an electron-emitting element. The electron-emitting element includes: (a) a substrate, (b) a lower electrode layer provided on the substrate, (c) an electron-emitting layer provided on the lower electrode layer, and (d) a control electrode layer so disposed as not to be in contact with the electron-emitting layer, wherein the electron-emitting layer includes an electron-emitting material for emitting electrons in an electric field, (1) the electron-emitting material being a porous body having a 3D-network structure skeleton, (2) the 3D-network structure skeleton being composed on an inner portion and a surface portion, (3) the surface portion comprising an electron-emitting component, (4) the inner portion being occupied by (i) at least one of an insulating material and a semiinsulating material, (ii) an empty space, or (iii) at least one of an insulating material and a semiinsulating material and an empty space.

Abstract: The present invention provides arrangements for electroluminescent displays 10 comprising a packaged semiconductor light emitting element 12 that has a light emitting display side 16. A heat sink 22 is disposed in the region of a rear side of the light-emitting element 12 opposite to the display side. Electrical connections 28 from the light emitting element 12 pass through said heat sink 22. Drive circuitry 30 for the light emitting element 12 is connected thereto by the electrical connections 28 and spaced apart from the heat sink 22 in such a manner that at least one cooling channel 34 is defined between the heat sink 22 and the drive circuitry 30 for the passage in use of a cooling fluid.