Abstract: An electrode for nonaqueous electrolyte secondary batteries, which is provided with a collector and a positive electrode active material layer that is arranged on the collector and contains a positive electrode active material. The positive electrode active material is configured to contain compound particles which have a layered structure composed of two or more transition metals, and which have an average particle diameter DSEM of from 1 ?m to 7 ?m (inclusive), a ratio of the 50% particle diameter D50 in a volume-based cumulative particle size distribution to the average particle diameter DSEM, namely D50/DSEM of from 1 to 4 (inclusive), and a ratio of the 90% particle diameter D90 in the volume-based cumulative particle size distribution to the 10% particle diameter D10 in the volume-based cumulative particle size distribution, namely D90/D10 of 4 or less. The positive electrode active material layer has a void fraction of 10-45%.

Abstract: A battery system includes a positive electrode having a first material arranged to undergo chemical reaction during charging and/or discharging of the battery, a negative electrode having a second material arranged to undergo chemical reaction during charging and/or discharging of the battery, a separator disposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode; and an electrolyte having a charge carrier, wherein the charge carrier is arranged to facilitate the chemical reaction of the first material during charging and/or discharging of the battery.

Abstract: A power generation system that includes a membrane reformer assembly, wherein syngas is formed from a steam reforming reaction of natural gas and steam, and wherein hydrogen is separated from the syngas via a hydrogen-permeable membrane, a combustor for an oxy-combustion of a fuel, an expander to generate power, and an ion transport membrane assembly, wherein oxygen is separated from an oxygen-containing stream to be combusted in the combustor. Various embodiments of the power generation system and a process for generating power using the same are provided.

Abstract: An electrochemical reaction unit including a unit cell including an electrolyte layer, and a cathode and an anode that face each other in a first direction with the electrolyte layer intervening therebetween; and a felt member containing a ceramic material or a metal and a silica component. The felt member has an Si content of 0.9 mass % to 13.2 mass %. Also disclosed is an electrochemical reaction cell stack including a plurality of electrochemical reaction units, at least one of the units being the above-described electrochemical reaction unit.

Abstract: A triphase organic matter pyrolysis system includes multiple devices cooperating with each other. The feeding device delivers organic matters into the preheating device. The preheated organic matters are delivered into the pyrolysis and carbonization reaction device. The steam generating device produces a saturated steam which is delivered into the water ion generating device which heats the saturated steam into a superheated steam which is dissociated into water ions which are delivered into the pyrolysis and carbonization reaction device. The water ions cut, dissociates and carbonizes the organic matters to form carbon residues and gas-liquid wastes. The heat energy is recycled by the heat recycle device and is delivered into the preheating device. The gas-liquid wastes are processed by the gas-liquid separation device and the gas purifying device to form gas and liquid that are harmless.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a process for the production of a syngas suited for further conversion to fine chemicals and/or automotive fuels from biomass by a thermochemical process conducted in a several steps procedure, said process comprising; a) Providing a stream of biomass material; b) Providing an aqueous alkaline catalyst stream comprising sodium and/or potassium compounds; c) Mixing comminuted biomass and alkaline catalyst and optional additives to form an alkaline biomass slurry or suspension; d) Treating alkaline biomass slurry or suspension in a hydrothermal treatment reactor at a temperature in the range of 200-400° C.

Abstract: Hydrogen generation assemblies, hydrogen purification devices, and their components are disclosed. In some embodiments, the devices may include a permeate frame with a membrane support structure having first and second membrane support plates that are free from perforations and that include a plurality of microgrooves configured to provide flow channels for at least part of the permeate stream. In some embodiments, the assemblies may include a return conduit fluidly connecting a buffer tank and a reformate conduit, a return valve assembly configured to manage flow in the return conduit, and a control assembly configured to operate a fuel processing assembly between run and standby modes based, at least in part, on detected pressure in the buffer tank and configured to direct the return valve assembly to allow product hydrogen stream to flow from the buffer tank to the reformate conduit when the fuel processing assembly is in the standby mode.

Abstract: A syngas generator has at least pyrolysis unit and a cracking unit which recycles treated input therein. The pyrolysis unit may recycle treated char to provide input heat for feedstock. The cracking unit may recycle syngas to assist in treating input gas/vapor mixture.

Abstract: A secondary battery includes a power generation element that includes a positive electrode having a collector on which a positive electrode active material layer is disposed, an electrolyte layer for retaining an electrolyte, and a negative electrode having a collector on which a negative electrode active material layer is disposed. The negative electrode active material layer has an area greater than that of the positive electrode active material layer. The negative electrode active material layer has a facing portion that faces a positive electrode active material layer with an electrolyte layer interposed by therebetween, and a non-facing portion that is positioned on an outer periphery of the facing portion and does not face the positive electrode active material layer. The non-facing portion has a stretching rate that is less than a stretching rate of the facing portion.

Abstract: Applying heat from a heat source to a first region to cause a first pyrolysis process, the first pyrolysis process resulting in a gaseous mixture, and applying heat from the heat source to a second region to cause a second pyrolysis process, the second pyrolysis process being applied to the gaseous mixture, wherein the second region is located closer to the heat source than the first region. Pyrolysis is used to destroy oils, tars and/or PAHs in carbonaceous material.

Abstract: Provided is a battery pack including: a first battery group in which a plurality of storage batteries having a battery can side surface and a battery can bottom surface linked to the battery can side surface are laminated so that the battery can side surfaces face each other; a second battery group in which a plurality of storage batteries having a battery can side surface and a battery can bottom surface linked to the battery can side surface are laminated so that the battery can side surfaces are face each other; and a case housing the first battery group and the second battery group, wherein the facing surfaces of the first battery group and the second battery group are directly or indirectly thermally connected to each other.

Abstract: The invention provides a hydrogen boiler based on coal gasification and water decomposition, including a steam boiler which includes an upper furnace and a lower furnace; water and steam in the upper furnace are respectively communicated with water and steam in the lower furnace; and the steam boiler is provided with a casing which has a narrow gap for containing water and a wide wall for heating to generate gas. The steam boiler contains multistage reactors. A coal modification and gasification device is provided at an outer side of the steam boiler and is provided with two chambers. The steam and gasified gas of coal are mixed and enter the reactors for direct burning to promote respective reactions. After several stages of modification and decomposition, the steam and the gasified gas of coal are completely converted to hydrogen.

Abstract: The invention relates to an electrode for an electrochemical cell, wherein an electrode is flatly applied onto a surface of a solid oxide electrolyte, and a cathode is flatly applied onto the solid oxide electrolyte surface opposite the electrode. The base material of the electrode is a composite whose catalytically active metal component contains a nickel phase which is made of NiO as part of the electrode starting material by reducing the NiO in a hydrogen-containing atmosphere. The ceramic component is made with a doped cerium oxide and a spinel made of at least one transition metal selected from Ni, Mn, Fe, and Cr.

Abstract: In one embodiment of the disclosure an electronic device comprising: a display; a first plate having opposing first and second faces, wherein the display is disposed on the first face; a second plate coupled to the second face of the first plate, at least one adhesive layer including a first adhesive layer adhering to the second face of the first plate, a jelly-roll, a roll fixing tape disposed on one region of the jelly-roll, a pouch containing the jelly-roll and the roll fixing tape, wherein the at least one adhesive layer including the first adhesive layer is disposed between and attached to one face of the pouch, and wherein one end of the first adhesive layer and one end of the roll fixing tape face are in the same direction while the first adhesive layer and the roll fixing tape vertically surround the one face of the pouch.

Abstract: A circuit body includes: a plurality of conductors, and first and second substrates, wherein the first and second substrates include a battery wiring portion which is routed along each row of an electrodes and one ends of the conductors are respectively connected to bus bars, and a connector connection portion where the other ends of the plurality of conductors are connected to a connector, and parts of the first substrate and the second substrate are overlapped in the connector connection portion, so an arrangement order of the other ends of the conductors corresponds to the potential order of the bus bars.

Abstract: A material for a negative electrode active material having capability of achieving excellent cycle performance while maintaining satisfactory initial efficiency (initial capacity), a production method for the material, a composition for a negative electrode, using the material, a negative electrode, and a secondary battery. A core-shell structure that includes the following components (A) and (B), and satisfies the following conditions (i) and (ii): (A): a core containing at least Si (silicon), O (oxygen) and C (carbon) as a constituent element, and containing crystalline carbon and non-crystalline carbon as a constituent; and (B): a shell encapsulating the core, and including a SiOC structure having a graphene layer, and (i): having an atomic composition represented by formula SiOxCy (0.5<x<1.8, 1.0<y<5.0), and (ii): having a predetermined value of less than 1.0×105 ?·cm in specific resistance determined by powder resistance measurement.

Abstract: Provided is an improved method for forming lithium ion cathode materials specifically for use in a battery. The method comprises forming a first solution comprising a digestible feedstock of a first metal suitable for formation of a cathode oxide precursor and a multi-carboxylic acid. The digestible feedstock is digested to form a first metal salt in solution wherein the first metal salt precipitates as a salt of deprotonated multi-carboxylic acid thereby forming an oxide precursor. The oxide precursor is heated to form the lithium ion cathode material.

Abstract: Ionic compounds containing an anion, and a cation having the following structural formula (1): R1R2R3N+-(linker1)-O-(linker2)-(FC)??(1) wherein: R1 and R2 either linear or branched alkyl groups or together form a N-heterocylic ring with the nitrogen atom to which they are joined; R3 is linear or branched alkyl group; linker1 and linker2 are alkylene chains or polyether chains; and the group FC is a fluorinated alkyl group, as well as an electrolyte material comprising such an ionic compound and a metal salt, and metal-air batteries using such an electrolyte material. The invention also relates to a metal-air battery containing an electrolyte material, wherein the electrolyte material comprises at least one ionic compound and a metal salt, and wherein at least one ionic compound contains an anion CnF2n+1COO? or CnF2n+1SO3?, where in each case n is at least 1 and at most 10.

Abstract: Apparatuses and methods for forming an electrode film mixture are described. An apparatus for forming an electrode film mixture can have a first source including a solution comprising a polymer, for example, polytetrafluoroethylene and a critical or supercritical fluid, for example, supercritical carbon dioxide, a second source including a second component of the electrode film mixture, a mixer configured to receive the solution and the second component and to form a slurry comprising the solution and the second component. The apparatus can include a decompressor configured to receive the slurry and decompress the slurry to vaporize the critical or supercritical fluid and precipitate dry polymer.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a fuel cell stack having a cathode-side separator and an anode-side separator which are made of different materials to prevent performance degradation of stacks and corrosion and damage of components. A fuel cell stack according to exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure may have multiple unit cells stacked therein, in which each unit cell of the multiple unit cells may include: a membrane electrode assembly (MEA); a pair of gas diffusion layers (GDLs) disposed on opposite surfaces of the MEA; and an anode-side separator and a cathode-side separator disposed to face each other, the MEA and the pair of GDLs being disposed therebetween, in which the cathode-side separator has a corrosion resistance higher than a corrosion resistance of the anode-side separator.